8th Week UFPS

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Byron Medina Delgado
Chairman 8th IWSTI

Torcoroma Velásquez Pérez
Co-Chairman 8th IWSTI

Ely Dannier V. Niño
Editor and Layout Coordinator

Luz Adriana Vera Rivera
Web Design, Cover Design

Fredy Humberto Vera-Rivera
Web Design, Web Programming

ISSN (En Línea): 2422-3115

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Abstracts

USE OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZES (GLOMUS SP) IN SWEET PEPPER PLANTS (CAPSICUM ANNUM) CULTIVATED IN AN URBAN AGRICULTURE SYSTEM.

VISCONTI MORENO EFRAIN FRANCISCO ¹, TORRES MONCADA JOHANA PATRICIA ², VALENZUELA-BALCAZAR IBONNE GEANETH ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander , ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ efrainfranciscovm@ufps.edu.co, ² yojana0322@gmail.com, ³ ibonnegeanethvb@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Mycorrhizae improve plant growth and production, by increasing their hydric and nutritional uptake through the enlargement of the rhizosphere. The concern arises to know the performance of sweet pepper plants inoculated with mycorrhizae, when they are cultivated in containers through an urban agriculture system. Three doses of a suspension with arbuscular mycorrhizae (Glomus sp) at a concentration of 3 spores cm-3 were evaluated; in an experiment with a completely randomized experimental design of four treatments and three repetitions: T1 (Control without mycorrhizae); T2 (5 cm-3 mycorrhiza); T3 (8 cm-3 of mycorrhizae) and T4 (10 cm-3 of mycorrhizae), with a total of 120 experimental units with 30 sweet pepper plants per treatment. Inoculation was carried out 45 days after transplantation (DAT) in 5-liter containers filled with a mix of soil and compost in a 1: 1 ratio. Measured variables were plant height, stem diameter, number of fruits, weight of fruits, fresh and dry root biomass and percentage of infection. The data of the morphological variables were collected every 24 DAT during 137 days of the phenological cycle. T2 reported the best response for yield with an average of 172.75 g per plant compared to T1, which presented 89.87 g per plant. The variables of height, stem diameter and root dry matter did not show significant differences between treatments. Regarding the percentage of infection present in each of the treatments at 45 DAT, it was found that the highest amount of mycelium (12.45 m kg-1) was presented in T4, while T1 (Control) was the lower (1.83 m kg-1) amount of external mycelium, which showed that at higher dosage there is greater reproduction of hyphae in the substrate. It was concluded that the application of T4 (high dose) to sweet pepper plants in urban agriculture containers does not mean a better response in the development of height, stem diameter, dry matter and production. Even though the amount of external mycelium present in the rhizosphere constitutes the vital link between the plant and the soil, since it is responsible of the mobilization of nutrients to the plant. This experiment showed that for plants grown in containers, the confinement of the root and mycelium limits the response of the plant in the presence of a high percentage of colonization.

Topic: Agronomy

ACTIVE SURFACE FORMS OF MODERN SACRED ARCHITECTURE IN THE CHURCH OF NUESTRA SE�ORA DEL CARMEN IN SAN JOS� DE C�CUTA.

D�AZ UMA�A YANNETTE ¹, VERGEL ORTEGA MAWENCY ², DELGADO ROJAS JULIO ALFREDO ³,
¹ universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ yannettedu@ufps.co, ² mawency@ufps.edu.co, ³ julioalfredo@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: This article is part of the research products in sacred architecture, under the direction of the mathematics and architecture programs of the UFPS, whose objective was to analyze the geometric and constructive characteristics of the roof of the church of Nuestra Se�ora del Carmen in San Jose de C�cuta. In this project with the descriptive study, the variables of architectural design for modern sacred architecture are analyzed, with special emphasis on the particular conditions that make the concrete roof a structure, light, original in shape and with exceptional qualities to work. cantilevered. The concrete structure forms a semiradial prismatic fold, which has the quality of distributing the force along its edges, giving resistance to the entire system, an example of the geometric rigor of the concrete structure's work.

Topic: Architecture

BIOCLIMATIC ALTERNATIVE OF A COMPOUND BIOMATERIAL FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING OF SOCIAL INTEREST (VIS) IN C�CUTA, NORTH OF SANTANDER.

PORTILLO RODRIGUEZ ASTRID ¹, LIZCANO DUR�N SAUDIT DANELLY ²,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ astridmatildepr@ufps.edu.co, ² sauditdanellyld@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The architecture and construction sector largely determines the growth and development of cities, defining considerably the economic growth of nations, but in contrast to this it generates a negative impact on the environment, in each of the stages of the life cycle of buildings, in the extraction and improper use of natural resources, and considerably in the accumulation of waste from construction and production processes, which cause pollution and transformation of the environment. As mentioned by Susunaga (2014) the concern of the governments of many countries in the world, have led to define measures to help counteract and minimize the effects of human actions, with the implementation of Sustainable Urban Development (Sustainable environmental process) in order to create a more environmentally friendly urban environment. Within the framework of the National Strategic Plan for Green Markets (2002-2012), whose objective was to consolidate the production of environmentally sustainable goods and increase the supply of competitive ecological services in the national and international markets, the Colombian Environmental Seal (SAC) was created; it is a distinctive or seal that is obtained voluntarily and may be carried by a product (good or service) that complies with certain environmental requirements defined according to its category. Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development (2021). For the construction of sustainable housing, the environmental criteria of the Directorate of Environmental, Sectoral and Urban Affairs are taken into account, which focus on rationalizing the use of natural resources, substituting with alternative systems or resources and managing the environmental impact either in the use of soil, water, energy or building materials. In Colombia, the construction sector is mainly composed of housing, and a large part of it is developed by government programs, which are defined in 3 types according to the Ministry of Housing, City and Territory, which are: Social Interest Housing (VIS), Priority Social Interest Housing (VIP) and non-vis housing. The solutions proposed in the VIS designs do not contemplate large families or a progressive development; in addition, it is also notorious the low or null level of finishes, the inadequate definition of construction specifications and consideration to climatic, lighting and ventilation aspects, poor air circulation and low height of mezzanines, which are the cause of inadequate thermal sensations, affecting the habitability conditions of Cucute�o families, as referenced by OSPINA (2015). The above means that the State has not intervened so that quality parameters are truly adopted, so deficiencies persist. To address the above mentioned aspects, researchers from all over the world are moving forward with initiatives to solve the habitability needs of communities, mainly in dry tropical climate zones where excessive temperatures do not provide adequate comfort conditions inside the houses, so they have come to investigate the use of organic and industrial waste and its incorporation in new processes for construction focusing on circular economy, ceasing to be waste to be considered alternative raw material. These new processes of incorporation of alternative raw materials in turn provide beneficial features such as low manufacturing costs, reduced carbon footprint and low heat transmittance, improving the living conditions of the population with low resources in housing. In the literature review, it is found as a bioclimatic solution in construction the use of biomaterials with curing, resistance, waterproofing and heat transmission properties, whose raw material is the use of organic and industrial waste such as cassava starch, lime, chamotte and pulverized corn leaf, which lead to propose the possibility of incorporating them as viable stabilizing additives in an adobe matrix, providing important benefits for VIS housing according to the aspects set forth in the Colombian Environmental Seal.

Topic: Architecture

BRINGING EXTINCT HERITAGE BACK TO LIFE. IMMERSIONS, TRANSFERS AND EXTENSIONS BETWEEN TANGIBLE AND VIRTUAL REALITIES.

VILLA CARRERO JUAN MANUEL ¹,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ juanmanuelvc@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Bringing extinct heritage back to life. Immersions, transfers and extensions between tangible and virtual realities. Dr. Teor�a e Historia. Arquitecto Juan Manuel Villa Carrero Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander/Departamento de Arquitectura Juanmanuelvc@ufps.edu.co Abstract This research was interested in exploring the contiguity between the tangible and the virtual, in the light of digital technologies and the mnemic space as a means of restitution of cultural assets, in particular extincts property, BIC_IE. Therefore, this research, like the paradox of Theseus in the field of the metaphysics of identity, asks the question: If an object is replaced with all its parts, is it still the same? This theoretical assumption referring to material assets of cultural value, in this research, arose from Aristotelian theories and evolved within a critical experimental space, far from orthodox models in architecture. It was in line with the abstract materialism suggested by S. Zizek. In particular, this article approached the archaeology and the restitution of the material remains of these extinct buildings, first from latent mnemic deposits in the individual, as well as in socio-cultural collectives as W. Benjamin and M. Halbwachs begin to propose in the first half of the twentieth century. Then, secondly, to continue with processes of formation or information of the digital matter as a discrete set of objective factors on a real fact, as Davenport and Prusak explained it at the end of the last century. And finally transmuting the BIC_IE or the object in potency, in act, through information, communication and informatics. Therefore these theoretical positions, methodologies and actions of digital restitution were verified in immersions in virtual reality (VR), in transfers to it, as codes or clouds of points of significant data. That together with extensions in the tangible world, achieved through augmented reality (AR) or reconversions to solid matter, challenged the notion of objective truth. Likewise, these technological actions were validated by confirming their functionality in relation to the proposed objective, which gave answers to the questions: when does a material asset stop being a material asset and when does a set of matter start to be a material asset? The results of this research confirmed as expected that as long as a thing or object extinct in the tangible world, as for example a BIC_IE, remains as a power in the virtual world, it can become in act, and continue to be the same thing. This was explained as long as this asset does not cease to be, nor to be. In other words, a BIC tangible asset ceases to be a BIC tangible asset when it lacks narrative continuity and is dislocated from the spatial coordinates that contained it and link it to its immovable condition. To sum up, we can conclude that these initiatives diluted the certainty of the missing original material, and distorted the reproduction of a kind of exacerbated reality. In other words, these actions went beyond a cloned object rewritten in a digital interstice and transcended the tangible object. Finally, it can be said that the results of this project validate new forms of heritage conservation as a possible future. Keywords: Reality, Memory, Informed Matter, Extinct Heritage, Virtuality, Tangibility.

Topic: Architecture

CHALLENGES IN THE URBAN AND TERRITORIAL MANAGEMENT OF THE SAN JOS� DE C�CUTA�S METROPOLITAN AREA

AYALA GARCIA ERIKA TATIANA ¹, CORONEL RUIZ LUZ KARIME ²,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² UIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER,

Email: ¹ erikatatianaayala@ufps.edu.co, ² luzkarimecr@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The projects, plans and programs applied to the San Jos� de C�cuta�s Metropolitan Area were studied, identifying the particularities, phenomena and alterations that may occur in response to non-compliance with the urban functions of each of the municipalities that comprise it. The territorial risks associated with urban management in the San Jos� de C�cuta�s Metropolitan Area were analyzed, with the purpose of guiding aspects of urban-territorial development in the short, medium and long term, which allow responding to the territorial risks present in the six municipalities that comprise it. A qualitative, descriptive and documentary research methodology was used, structured from analytical and synthetic methods, by means of a content analysis information gathering technique and the use of the scientific method. As a relevant finding, the importance of viewing the San Jos� de C�cuta�s Metropolitan Area as a �Territory of Opportunities� is highlighted, which, through its profile of border-binational space and the vocation of its municipalities, promotes competitiveness and the development of the territory; in compliance with the principles of Territorial Planning and the Sustainable Development Goals of cities.

Topic: Architecture

HISTORICAL AND URBAN ANALYSIS OF THE SINGLE FAMILY HOUSING IN THE CAOBOS SECTOR OF SAN JOS� DE C�CUTA

GONZALEZ SUAREZ MARIA VALERIA ¹, ACOSTA ROJAS REINALDO ANDRES ², CORONEL RUIZ LUZ KARIME ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ UIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER,

Email: ¹ mariavaleriags@ufps.edu.co, ² reinaldoandresar@ufps.edu.co, ³ luzkarimecr@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The objective of this research is to analyze the facts that influenced the urban configuration and the evolution of the single-family home in the Caobos neighborhood of San Jos� de C�cuta, with the purpose of identifying the characteristics and related aspects of the single-family home design of the aforementioned sector. A qualitative, descriptive and documentary research methodology was used, structured from analytical and synthetic methods. As a technique and information gathering tool, participant observation, photographic record and field log were used. As relevant findings, it was found that the urban transformation of the Caobos neighborhood was largely motivated by the adjustment made to the regulations on land occupation indices for commune number 2 approved in 2006 and, to the occupation trend of the uses of the land that registered a migration from residential to commercial use, which resulted in the modification of the urban profile and the generation of problems in terms of security, public space, mobility, as well as the loss of residents of the area. Finally, the influence of the Modern Architecture of the houses in the sector is highlighted, associated with the amplitude of its internal spaces, the lighting and the use of large windows; the management of straight lines and the simplicity of the architecture, which has facilitated its conditioning for the current uses associated with health programs, commerce and services.

Topic: Architecture

IMPORTANCE OF THE HISTORIC ZONE OF VILLA DEL ROSARIO IN THE BICENTENNIAL CELEBRATION IN NORTE DE SANTANDER AND COLOMBIA

MEJ�A ANAYA YASMIN ANDREA ¹, ROJAS FLOREZ KAROL FERNANDA ², SIERRA ROMERO LAURA MARCELA ³, DELGADO MART�NEZ LIGIA MARIA ⁴,
¹ FESC, ² FESC, ³ FESC, ⁴ FESC,

Email: ¹ est_ya_mejia@fesc.edu.co, ² est_kf_rojas@fesc.edu.co, ³ est_lm_sierra@fesc.edu.co, ⁴ ligia_delgado@fesc.edu.co,

Abstract: The importance of the historic area of Villa del Rosario in the celebration of the bicentennial in Norte de Santander and Colombia involves the Nortesantandereana region in particular. It was in the sacristy of the historical temple in Villa del Rosario de C�cuta, 200 years ago, where the constitution was proclaimed in 1821 as the structuring axis of the republic creating the first form of republican state totally independent from Spain. Through a documentary review that allows a clear disclosure of the history of the Republic of Colombia with emphasis on the historical area, cultural heritage of Colombia, where two nations meet, Colombia and Venezuela, united by the Simon Bolivar International Bridge, border area and international port, today territory where historical events occur that have in the sights of the world this place. Villa del Rosario, gateway to the border and its historical places become cultural heritage of the nation, being our goal to show the cultural richness of the region, for all this it is important to recognize the importance of this area and identify characters such as Francisco de Paula Santander and Simon Bolivar, to create regional pride through the history of the country and promote knowledge of cultural heritage. Through a documentary review, in order to achieve exploratory studies with heritage approaches in the region History of Norte de Santander, with a descriptive approach is intended to reach more young people and children and encourage the historical and heritage value of the department, identifying museums such as: La Bagatela and La Casa Natal del General Santander, among others. We want and we can disseminate the cultural heritage, through campaigns that pay attention to the dissemination of national history involving the FESC academy.

Topic: Architecture

CYTOGENOTOXICITY IN LENS CULINARIS AND ALLIUM CEPA CASUSADA BY PROPANIL

QUINTERO CALE�O JES�S DAVID ¹, ROJAS SUAREZ JHAN PIERO ², SALAZAR MERCADO SEIR ANTONIO ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ UFPS,

Email: ¹ jesusdavidqc@ufps.edu.co, ² jhanpierorojas@ufps.edu.co, ³ seirantoniosm@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Although not classified as carcinogenic, propanil can cause hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hemolytic anemia, methemoglobinemia and metabolic disorders in humans. It has cytotoxic effect, and is massively applied in agriculture worldwide. Therefore, this study evaluated the genotoxic damage of propanil in apical cells of Lens culinaris and Allium cepa. Thus, A. cepa bulbs and L. culinaris seeds were subjected to 6 concentrations of propanil (2, 4, 6, 8, 8, 10 and 12 mg L-1) and a control (deionized water). Then, root development was recorded every day for 72 hours. The mitotic index and cellular anomalies were also determined. Thus, a decrease in root development was observed in all treatments, with the greatest root development occurring with the use of the control treatment (deionized water) with the exception of the treatment with 4 mg L-1 in L. culinaris at 24h of exposure (without significant differences with the control). Similarly, the use of 2, 4 and 8 mg L-1 on L. culinaris seeds at 48 h of exposure did not show significant differences with the control treatment. Regarding the development at 72h, the tendency was also present (negative growth), when using propanil at 10 and 12 mg L-1 without significant differences between them (in the two species). Thus, the increase in concentration is directly proportional to the inhibition of root development. Likewise, L. culinaris presented greater inhibition of mitosis than A. cepa, where from the use of the concentration of 2 mg L-1 in L. culinaris, the mitotic index presented a notable decrease, which reached a maximum of 4.8�0.9 in the treatment of 12 mg L-1 and a lower value in the control treatment (16.2�1.3). Likewise, although to a lesser extent A. cepa is affected by propanil exposure, presenting a value at 7.2�0.7 with the use of 12 mg L-1 (above L. culinaris) and a value of 18.6�1.1 in the control treatment. In addition, 8 types of anomalies were found in the species L. culinaris. Thus, with the use of control, 2 and 4 mg L-1 no micronuclei were found, with the use of 6 mg L-1, a 22�4.8 was found having a maximum value of 68.2�6.8 when using 12 mg L-1. Similarly, the least frequent anomaly was bridging in anaphase, which did not occur with the use of 0, 2, 4 and 6 mg L-1, while the treatment with 8 mg L-1 presented 1.6�0.5 and a maximum of 6.4�1.5 at 12 mg L-1. An important anomaly is chromosome breakage, with a minimum value of 2.8�0.8 at 2 mg L-1 and a maximum of 31.6�5.1 at 12 mg L-1. The absence of nucleus is the second most frequent anomaly in L. culinaris, as all treatments presented it except for the control, with a maximum of 50�3.1 at 12 mg L-1. This study showed that A. cepa was less sensitive than L. culinaris since it presented less frequency in the anomalies in common. A. cepa did not present nuclear lesions, but Binucleated cells. In general terms, a trend was observed in which the treatment of 12 mg L-1 caused the highest frequency of anomalies. In this sense, the use of 0, 2, 4 and 6 mg L-1 did not cause micronuclei, although the use of 12 mg L-1 caused a significant 20.8�0.9. Likewise, the treatments of 0, 2, 4 and 6 mg L-1, did not cause anaphase bridges, lagging chromosomes, or chromosome breakage. On the other hand, all concentrations of propanil produced Absence of nucleus, Sticky chromosomes in metaphase and Irregular anaphase, with values similar to each other. Finally, the use of 6 mg L-1 caused a minimum of 1.6�0.5 and a maximum of 11.6�0.5 in the frequency of Binucleated Cells. Thus, the presence of micronuclei and the results of L. culinaris indicate the high cytogenotoxicity of propanil and the feasibility of this species as a bioindicator.

Topic: Bioengineering

DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE OBTAINING OF A BIOSURFACTANT FROM BACILLUS SUBTILIS RSL-2

ALVARADO VEGA KELLY VALENTINA ¹, GELVES ZAMBRANO GERMAN RICARDO ², NI�O L�PEZ LILIBETH ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco Paula Santander, ³ Universidad de Antioquia,

Email: ¹ kellyvalentinaav@ufps.edu.co, ² germanricardogz@ufps.edu.co, ³ lilicarininolop@gmail.com,

Abstract: Crude oil and its derivatives have a high application in different industries internationally, however, an unforeseen spill or overexploitation generates a great threat to ecosystems causing negative impacts on soil, water and air; the exposure of hydrocarbons in the environment, causes carcinogenic and mutagenic effects, endangering humans and animals. In Colombia, during the years 2000-2017, more than 18,000 barrels of crude oil were spilled due to illegal oil extraction, causing serious environmental damage. In Norte de Santander, these problems have caused an 80% shortage in water sources, exceeding the capacity of ecosystems to recover. However, there are microorganisms capable of metabolizing hydrocarbons through the process of bioremediation, using them as their only source of carbon through the elaboration of organic amphiphilic molecules called biosurfactants, produced as a survival response during their growth in hydrocarbon-contaminated ecosystems. The objective of this research consisted in proposing a mathematical model implementing six different kinetic models to optimize the parameters and constants involved in the production of a lipopeptide-type biosurfactant. The experimental data were obtained from the work done by Sharma & Pandey (2020), where they determined that Bacillus subtilis RSL-2 is a bacterium capable of generating a lipopeptide-type biosurfactant as a primary metabolite during the exponential phase of growth, implementing yeast extract (1.5%) as a nitrogen source, a pH of 4.0, a temperature of 25�C and 1 g/L of crude oil as a carbon source. The MATLAB R2020b software allowed obtaining the simulated data through the graphic visualization of the behavior of the variables, applying the Runge-Kutta Method to reduce the uncertainty value; likewise, the fmincon command was implemented to obtain the value of the objective function Fval, minimizing the error in the constants associated with the mathematical model. The best simulation data were obtained by implementing a mathematical model for a Batch type reactor using the Contois kinetic model with values of 19.99 days-1 for �max, 0.3712 days-1 in kd, 9.999 days-1 for Ks and a substrate concentration of 1.46 g/L, which suggests that the lipopeptide type biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis RSL-2 is generated in anaerobic processes where hydrolysis controls the growth rate of the bacteria. Currently, in Colombia, research in the field of parameter optimization and implementation of mathematical models in the production of biosurfactants is minimal; therefore, the results obtained in this study are a promising hope in the field of biotechnology at the national and regional level.

Topic: Bioengineering

MODELADO DE LA BIODEGRADACION DEL PARACETAMOL A PARTIR DE PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

BAENA DORIS ¹, NI�O L�PEZ LILIBETH ², GELVES ZAMBRANO GERMAN RICARDO ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad de Antioquia, ³ Universidad Francisco Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ dorisyezeniabc@ufps.edu.co, ² lilicarininolop@gmail.com, ³ germanricardogz@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The kinetic batch study indicates the potential of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain for the degradation of acetaminophen. A simulation study was carried out in Matlab software of the degradation of Paracetamol. The latter, has become a major environmental pollutant due to its extensive use. Currently, it has been identified that microorganisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa can degrade this pollutant. That is why, currently, computer-assisted kinetic studies can be of great help to identify key parameters in the degradation of the mentioned pollutant. It was observed that the biomass yield increases considerably with the increase of the initial paracetamol concentrations up to a point in which the tolerance is the maximum allowed by the microorganism. Once this threshold is exceeded, inhibition is evident in the bioprocess in such a way that the inhibition constant suggests values of 480 mg / L of paracetamol. The results of this study will contribute to a greater efficiency of the degradation mechanism of paracetamol in the environment. The foregoing, with a view to designing innovative remediation and cost-effective technologies to control paracetamol contamination in the environment.

Topic: Bioengineering

BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTION OF POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES-PHA'S FROM SLUDGE FROM DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS

DIAZ GONZALEZ ANDREA ¹, GUZMAN CAROLINA ², CAMACHO KURMEN JUDITH ELENA ³, CABEZA ROJAS IV�N ⁴,
¹ Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, ² Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, ³ Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, ⁴ Facultad de Ingenier�a Ambiental -Universidad Santo Tom�s de Aquino; Facultad de Ingenier�a, dise�o e innovaci�n-Polit�cnico Grancolombiano,

Email: ¹ adiazg@unicolmayor.edu.co, ² cguzmanl@unicolmayor.edu.co, ³ jelenacamacho@unicolmayor.edu.co, ⁴ ivancabeza@usantotomas.edu.co,

Abstract: The excessive generation and inadequate disposal of plastics globally has generated a problem of environmental pollution that impacts not only on the health of the communities surrounding the dumping sites, but also on the general population due to the contamination of bodies of water, soil and air. An alternative that can mitigate this negative effect is the production of biopolymers (bioplastics) that degrade in the environment through the action of hydrolytic enzymes and, after a few weeks, are converted into carbon dioxide. PHAs are a broad group of bio-based polymers. They are produced by bacteria, microalgae and archaea that accumulate it intracellularly to be used as a source of carbon and energy (2018, Programme EU & 2019, PEMRG). It has been described in the literature that the adaptation and / or selection of a microbial consortium using VFAs (volatile fatty acids) allows increasing the accumulation and production of this polymer. Native and genetically modified microorganisms capable of accumulating these compounds in a way are known from scientific literature. intracellular, including Cupriavidus necator, Pseudomonas putida, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp, Ralstonia eutropha, Aeromonas sp. and Rhodospirillum rubrum from different agroindustrial residues such as starch, sugarcane bagasse, whey, leachate, soils and industrial and domestic wastewater. This research project proposes the use, by microorganisms, of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from water and sludge from a domestic wastewater treatment plant to produce a bioplastic for industrial purposes. Therefore, the objective of this work is to identify a microbial consortium of bacterial origin from domestic sewage sludge with the capacity to accumulate PHA using AGV's as a carbon source. The methodologies that have been developed contemplate the purification of AGV's in the laboratory through solubilization and hydrolysis processes of organic matter, acidification and methanogenesis. In parallel, the processing of mud samples and sowing in non-selective and selective culture media using the surface sowing technique, as well as the development of an adaptation protocol of the native bacterial consortium in the presence of AGVs. So far, Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria have been identified, the latter being the ones with the highest percentage in digested sludge. Taking previous studies as a reference, it has been found that Gram negative bacteria have a greater capacity to accumulate PHA. In the literature review carried out to date, marked differences are observed in the percentages of accumulation of PHAs related to the heterogeneity of the adaptation protocols of the microbial consortia, as well as the stages of feast and famine designed to increase the intracellular production of this biopolymer.

Topic: Biotechnology and Agroindustrial Engineering

BIOTECHNOLOGY OF EXTREME MICROORGANISMS IN PLANETARY ENVIRONMENTS

ALVARADO VEGA KELLY VALENTINA ¹, MORENO ROZO LAURA YOLIMA ²,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula ,

Email: ¹ kellyvalentinaav@ufps.edu.co, ² Laurayolimamr@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: On Earth, microorganisms are essential for maintaining biogeochemical cycles because of their ability to sense, respond and adapt to changes in their environment. Single-celled microorganisms have had a major historical impact and without them, life as we know it today would not be possible; the vast conditions of extreme temperature and intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation presented an environmental challenge to any form of life on early Earth. Thus, single-celled organisms played an important role in antiquity, allowing the emergence of a terrestrial atmosphere capable of protecting life from the hostile environment of space and the transition from the RNA world to the DNA complex, enabling the development of complex biochemical interactions that allow life to be described as a complex, self-replicating and molecularly self-organized phenomenon. Extremophiles are organisms capable of surviving and thriving in extreme conditions such as high ultraviolet radiation, arid, cold or hot zones, alkaline or acidic environments and even without oxygen or with pressure variations; since 1969 with the discovery of the first extremophile, the limits for life have been extended, granting the possibility of devising life on other planetary bodies. Climate change has generated in the last decades extreme conditions, such as frosts, temperature increases, floods and droughts in different parts of the planet; that is why, from biotechnology, extremophiles are being evaluated with the purpose of solving environmental impacts in a sustainable, economical and safe way, due to their ability to survive in inhospitable environments due to their physiology and cellular machinery. In industrial processes, extremenzymes are widely desired for their activity and stability in alkaline, saline, acidic, cold, hot and pressure-variable environments. Therefore, the objective of this work consisted of a bibliographic search focused on extremophilic organisms, outlining their capacity to survive in extreme environments and their biotechnological applications to solve environmental impacts in a sustainable, economical and safe way.

Topic: Biotechnology and Agroindustrial Engineering

BUBBLE COALESCENCE MODEL EFFECT ON OXYGEN MASS TRANSFER USING NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS

NI�O L�PEZ LILIBETH ¹, GELVES GERMAN ²,
¹ Universidad de Antioquia, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ lilicarininolop@gmail.com, ² rgzrgz@gmail.com,

Abstract: In this research, a bubble coalescence model that includes rheological conditions and shear forces in non-Newtonian fluids is evaluated using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). The Euler model was used with the population balance equations. Different models of bubble coalescence and bursting were studied to investigate the mass transfer and diameter of the bubbles. A Rushton turbine was used and the results were validated by determining the experimental mass transfer coefficient. A 10 liter bioreactor operated under different operating conditions exclusively used for non-Newtonian rheology was used. 0.25% xhantan gum was used to simulate the rheological conditions developed during mushroom cultivation. CFD results were compared with experimental data from 𝑘𝐿𝑎 measurements at different stirring speeds using the agreement index. A reasonable prediction was obtained by comparing the modified Luo-New with the most widely used conventional Luo-Luo and Laakkonen-Luo models. Therefore, the Luo-New model shows the highest d-values at 400-700 rpm with values of 0.83, 0.95, 0.98, and 0.69. In contrast, the Luo-Luo model showed less inaccurate values with levels below 0.62 in almost all comparisons. The latter concludes numerically that the inclusion of shear effects in a coalescence model improves the degree of prediction related to oxygen transfer.

Topic: Biotechnology and Agroindustrial Engineering

CADMIUM TOLERANCE EVALUATION OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH COCOA CROPS IN NORTE DE SANTANDER

LEAL MEDINA GLORIA INES ¹, RAM�REZ CAICEDO LILIAN TRINIDAD ²,
¹ UFPS, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ ineslemedina@gmail.com, ² liliantrinidadrc@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Norte de Santander is one of the departments with the largest potential area projected for Cocoa Cultivation in Colombia according to the National Cocoa Plan 2012-2021, however, the presence of heavy metals such as Cadmium, in soils and cocoa plants, could limit the commercialization of the raw material and its derived products. In this context, different institutions have interest in the study of Cadmium in cocoa soils and to find strategies for its mitigation. Within these strategies, a focus of research has been Cadmium Tolerant Bacteria (CdtB), which could be important in the immobilization of this heavy metal in soils. The aim of this study is to evaluate the capacity of cadmium tolerance of bacteria from cocoa crops in Norte de Santander, for this purpose, the isolation of bacteria was carried out in selective culture media supplemented with 6 ppm of CdCl2 from soil samples established in the municipalities of San Cayetano and Sardinata. Subsequently, the levels of Cadmium tolerance of the bacterial isolates were determined at increasing concentrations of the heavy metal, Cadmium removal tests were carried out in liquid culture media and the molecular identification of the most outstanding isolates was carried out by sequencing the phylogenetic marker rRNA 16S. The most important results included that 20 bacterial isolates were obtained, finding a higher bacterial count in soils from crops established in San Cayetano. 100% of the bacterial isolates obtained were gram negative and 45% have the capacity to tolerate more than 24 ppm of CdCl2 under the evaluated conditions. Cadmium immobilization tests allowed finding that strain BSF6M4 can remove up to 99.4% of Cadmium in liquid medium, which makes it potentially useful for subsequent tests of immobilization and removal of Cadmium in soils. The seven bacterial isolates that stood out when tolerating high concentrations of Cadmium were identified at the genus level using the molecular marker rRNA16S and belong to the genera Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Kluyvera.

Topic: Biotechnology and Agroindustrial Engineering

DESIGN OF AN INTEGRATION MODEL FOR PRODUCTIVITY, PRODUCTIVE LINKAGES AND VALUE CHAIN. CASE: PANELA PRODUCERS, MUNICIPALITY OF ARBOLEDAS, NORTE DE SANTANDER DEPARTMENT, COLOMBIA.

JAIMES CASALLAS MAR�A DEL PILAR ¹,
¹ FESC,

Email: ¹ pm_jaimes@fesc.edu.co,

Abstract: Rural problems depend on the social, economic, geographic, environmental and technological context of the area being analyzed. However, a common factor that has been identified among countries and regions is the focus on production, leaving an imbalance in the other links of the production chain, generating price instability in supply and demand, large economic losses and low competitiveness. This research project made it possible to analyze the basic links in the panela value chain. The actors behind each link, problems, perceived interests, resources and mandates were identified. Finally, a productive integration model is proposed that articulates the links of the value chain in dynamic processes, where each actor participates transversally. This generates a flow of valuable information and the opportunity to apply innovation and permanent improvement strategies.

Topic: Biotechnology and Agroindustrial Engineering

DYNAMIC MODELING OF TANNASE PRODUCTION FROM BACILLUS CEREUS: A FRAMEWORK SIMULATION BASED ON FED BATCH STRATEGY

MENDOZA DAYANA ¹, NI�O L�PEZ LILIBETH ², GELVES GERMAN ³,
¹ Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad de Antioquia, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ dayanaandreamm@ufps.edu.co, ² lilicarininolop@gmail.com, ³ rgzrgz@gmail.com,

Abstract: The tannase enzyme is a metabolite of great interest in industry. Typical examples of its use can be found in the production of wines and beer, the clarification of beverages and fruit juices, and the production of leather. However, obtaining tannase on an industrial scale is limited to batch mode. Therefore, its production is low and therefore economic studies are not feasible. With a view to solving this problem, in this work an operating strategy based on Fed-batch mode is designed. The kinetic parameters were taken from the literature to simulate the trends obtained through a Feed-batch mode of operation. One of the most important data of this research is based on improving the production of tannase with found values of 0.380 U / g. The latter indicates that the tannase production could be almost twice the concentration obtained with the traditional batch mode (0.1900 U / g). The results obtained in this research may be promising for the enzyme production industry. Using computational techniques, it is possible to identify an improvement without investing in excessive experimentation and resources.

Topic: Biotechnology and Agroindustrial Engineering

DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM BANANA REJECTED USING YEAST

CONTRERAS JISELLE ¹, HARO YEISON ², NI�O L�PEZ LILIBETH ³, GELVES ZAMBRANO GERMAN RICARDO ⁴,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad de Antioquia, ⁴ Universidad Francisco Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ jisellemayerlycb@ufps.edu.co, ² Yeisonduvanhs@ufps.edu.co, ³ lilicarininolop@gmail.com, ⁴ germanricardogz@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: In this work, a mathematical model is proposed to simulate the obtaining of bioethanol from rejected bananas. The model uses the effect of substrate inhibition. The constants were determined from previous experimental data. Andrews expression was used to simulate concentration profiles, to describe the presence of substrate and product inhibition. Different initial concentrations of substrate were tested (90-400 g / L), and the results obtained indicate a maximum value of 300 g / L of rejected banana as a starting point to achieve high bioethanol production with a value of 150 g / L However, at higher concentrations of banana, there is an inhibition of the concentration, so that the production of bioethanol decreases until it reaches levels below 100 g / L. Based on the results, kinetic models provide vital details on microbial metabolic processes.

Topic: Biotechnology and Agroindustrial Engineering

EVALUATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS (CITRUS SINENSIS) AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY

VEGA NELSON ¹, VILLADA CASTILLO DORA CLEMENCIA ²,
¹ ufps, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ nealvec6@gmail.com, ² doraclemenciavc@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The main objective of this research is to evaluate the phenolic compounds extracted from the peel of the Valencia orange (Citrus. sinensis), this with the purpose of being applied in the meat industry as antioxidants, and its possible sensory acceptance, for which two different extraction methods were applied, being these the ultrasound and Soxhlet, using ethanol as solvent, where the latter method was more efficient for the extraction of phenolic compounds, with a significant percentage of effectiveness, the identification was performed by chromatography by HPLC/DAD, in which compounds were detected as gallic acid, parahydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, feluric acid, feluric acid, parahydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, feluric acid, para-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-coumaric acid, Vanillic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, feluric acid, among others, the determination of the antioxidant activity was carried out by the decolorization of beta carotene, which decolorizes rapidly without the presence of an antioxidant, the application of phenolic compounds was carried out in fresh raw sausages and sausage products, where they were subjected to a sensory evaluation to see their possible acceptance, which allowed concluding that Citrus Sinensis peels have a high capacity to inhibit the oxidation of meat products.

Topic: Biotechnology and Agroindustrial Engineering

EVALUATION OF THE SHELF LIFE OF RED TILAPIA FILLETS (OREOCHROMIS SP) FROM THE ASOPISZULIA ASSOCIATION OF NORTHERN SANTANDER USING AN EDIBLE COATING BASED ON QUITOSAN, YUCA SULFUR AND SABILA GEL

ROJAS ORTIZ SOR MAR�A ¹,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ sormariaro@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Fish meat is a highly perishable food due to its short shelf life, for this reason the use of coatings has been practiced for many years, since it allows to extend its shelf life. The main objective of this research is to elaborate an edible coating (RC) from chitosan, yucca starch and aloe vera in different concentrations in order to analyze the effect on the preservation of red tilapia fillets produced in the municipality of El Zulia. Three coatings (Rec1, Rec2, Rec3) and a control without coating (SinR) were formulated using the immersion method. Physical (pH and moisture content), chemical (fat content and BVT) and microbiological (presence of mesophilic aerobes and total coliforms) parameters were evaluated in tilapia fillet preserved at 20�C under controlled conditions. The best results were obtained with the Rec1 treatment composed of 20% Aloe vera, 1.5% chitosan and 4% cassava starch, preserving the red tilapia fillets in acceptable conditions until the third day. Descriptive statistical analysis was used for pH and moisture values, applying analysis of variance and tukey's test at 95% reliability, and InfoStat software and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS version 22 were used for chemical and microbiological data.

Topic: Biotechnology and Agroindustrial Engineering

EVALUATION OF THE VIABILITY IN CRYOCONSERVED BACTERIA AND FUNGI IN THE STRAIN BANK OF THE FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER UNIVERSITY

CAMACHO URIBE INGRID JULIETH ¹,
¹ universidad francisco de paula santander,

Email: ¹ ingridjuliethcu@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: In the laboratory of the Strain Bank of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and the Environment of the Francisco de Paula Santander University, located in the Campos Eliseo�s Experimental Center; Microbial cultures of biotechnological interest constantly enter, which are used in teaching and research activities. Therefore, there is an interest in keeping microbial cultures viable over time by means of different conservation methods, for this reason this research was carried out in which 10 hydrocarbonoclast fungi and 14 bacterial strains were selected, preserved in freezing at -80. � C in glycerol (10%, 20% and 30%), The evaluation of the three percentages of glycerol was also carried out taking into account the data of the dilutions in the fungi of 10 -2 and 10 -3 ; in bacteria the dilutions of 10 -5 and 10- 6 , which were found in the established counting range. The percentage of viability, morphological stability and purity were determined in a period of 0, 3, 6 and 9 months from the cryopreservation date. The results obtained for the viability of the fungal strains showed data above 50% and the bacteria recovery ranges of 90%; the purity of the strains was maintained at 100% for bacteria and 60% for fungi. With the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that the best percentage of glycerol for medium-term conservation was 10%, although no significant differences were found, it was maintained in all months with higher values in the recovery of each evaluated strain; Knowing the best percentage allows to avoid continuous losses of the cultures and possible alterations of the cell.

Topic: Biotechnology and Agroindustrial Engineering

EVALUATION OF THE VIABILITY IN CRYOCONSERVED BACTERIA AND FUNGI IN THE STRAIN BANK OF THE FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER UNIVERSITY

ACOSTA BECERRA MAYRA GUADALUPE ¹, SUAREZ CONTRERAS LILIANA YANET ², CAMACHO URIBE INGRID JULIETH ³,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER , ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, C�CUTA, ³ universidad francisco de paula santander,

Email: ¹ mayraguadalupeab@ufps.edu.co, ² lilianayanethsc@ufps.edu.co, ³ ingridjuliethcu@ufps.edu.co,

Topic: Biotechnology and Agroindustrial Engineering

EVALUATION OF TWO COMPOSTING SYSTEMS FOR THE TREATMENT OF AGROINDUSTRIAL WASTE

G�MEZ PE�ARANDA MARIBEL ¹, DUARTE DELGADO GLORIA ISABEL ², GUTIERREZ DURAN JOSE ALFREDO ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander , ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander , ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ maribelgp@ufps.edu.co, ² gloriaisabeldd@ufps.edu.co, ³ josealfredogd@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The production of compost through composting is one of the most effective ways to use wasted food and agro-industrial waste, promoting the recycling of these in an efficient way. The present research evaluated two composting systems based on agro-industrial waste of plant origin and quail manure, using a closed system called a mini greenhouse, covered with black plastic and a PVC structure, and a traditional open-pile system using the same mixture. To determine the efficiency of the two methods, the effects between the relevant composting factors were evaluated, analyzing the variables of temperature, pH, C / N ratio and water consumption during the process. In addition, sensory tests and a microbiological analysis of the compost obtained were carried out. As a result, after 37 days of evaluation performing periodic turning, significant differences in temperatures were evidenced, where the highest values reached were recorded in the mini greenhouse system, accelerating decomposition and consequently reducing times in the process, ensuring inactivation. of seeds and the death of pathogenic microorganisms, which was verified with microbiological tests. The pH values obtained at the beginning and at the end of the process were similar in both systems, being close to the established ranges, water consumption was the most relevant result with a reduction of close to 90%, proven to be an efficient method for areas with scarce availability of water and consistent with the challenges posed by today's world.

Topic: Biotechnology and Agroindustrial Engineering

INDUSTRIAL SIMULATION OF CYANOVIRIN PRODUCTION FROM CONVENTIONAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES

TORRES MARTIN ¹, CARVAJAL JOSE ², NI�O L�PEZ LILIBETH ³, GELVES GERMAN ⁴,
¹ Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad de Antioquia, ⁴ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ martintr@ufps.edu.co, ² josedavidcr@ufps.edu.co, ³ lilicarininolop@gmail.com, ⁴ rgzrgz@gmail.com,

Abstract: In this work, the prefeasibility of the production of the antiviral molecule cyanovirin was studied with the traditional technique using soybeans and a biotechnological process with cellulkas in suspension of Nostoc ellipsosporum. Cyanovirine-N is a protein that inhibits type 1 and type 2 HIV viral infection. That is why it is vitally important to optimize production and improve cost-effectiveness on a large scale for its medicinal use against AIDS disease. However, several studies mention obtaining low levels of cyanovirine from Nostoc ellipsosporum. However, this method is essential to find a technified solution at an industrial level since the operating conditions can be controlled and not depend on environmental factors. The results with the SuperPro Designer� simulator indicate that soy produces a higher amount of crystallized cyanovirin-N (744.48kg / h), but it is not profitable due to the annual operating cost (USD) $ 458,892,000. The latter, as the data obtained with Nostoc ellipsosporum reveal lower cyanovirine-N crystals (0.36 kg / h). However, the annual operating cost drops significantly to (USD) $ 24,236,000, almost 85% less than the cost compared to the traditional method. It is concluded that the culture medium used for Nostoc ellipsosporum has advantages for protein synthesis. In such a way that future studies with the information obtained here are vital for its large-scale production.

Topic: Biotechnology and Agroindustrial Engineering

MODELING FRAMEWORK FOR TANNASSE PRODUCTION FROM BACILLUS GOTTHEILLI BASED ON CONTINUOUS OPERATING MODE

TORRRES JESUS ¹, QUINTERO YORMAN ², BUITRAGO JERSON ³, NI�O L�PEZ LILIBETH ⁴, GELVES GERMAN ⁵,
¹ Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Francisco de Paula Santander, ⁴ Universidad de Antioquia, ⁵ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ jesusdavidmto@ufps.edu.co, ² jormangeovannyqh@ufps.edu.co, ³ jersonenriquebl@ufps.edu.co, ⁴ lilicarininolop@gmail.com, ⁵ rgzrgz@gmail.com,

Abstract: The Tanase enzyme is a widely used metabolite due to its various applications in different industries such as chemicals, textiles and food. Therefore, the purpose of this work is the development of a simulation fed with kinetic constants obtained at an experimental level in order to predict possible productive strategies. This is evaluated with a configuration of two bioreactors coupled to a centrifuge that recirculates 46% of the cells. Matlab software is used to obtain the numerical solution of the proposed equations, finding a significant difference in biomass and enzyme productivity compared to batch mode. Simulations of tannase fermentation with Bacillus gottheilii growing in a culture medium are based on tannic acid as substrate, and the simulations indicate an average tannase production of 59 U / L. Which means an average increase of 24% with compared to batch mode (47 U / L). These results could be promising for future experimental investigations focused on the optimization of tannase on a large scale with alternative modes of operation to the traditional batch type.

Topic: Biotechnology and Agroindustrial Engineering

MODELING OF CLAVULANIC ACID PRODUCTION FROM STREPTOMYCES CLAVULIGERUS USING A CONTINUOUS OPERATION MODE

ARIZA LUISA ¹, RUBIO YESSICA ², MORENO VIVIANA ³, NI�O L�PEZ LILIBETH ⁴, GELVES ZAMBRANO GERMAN RICARDO ⁵,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Francisco de Paula Santander, ⁴ Universidad de Antioquia, ⁵ Universidad Francisco Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ luisafernandaav@ufps.edu.co, ² yessicatatianars@ufps.edu.co, ³ vivianazulaymh@ufps.edu.co, ⁴ lilicarininolop@gmail.com, ⁵ germanricardogz@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Clavulanic acid (CA) is a β-lactam inhibitor obtained from Streptomyces clavuligerus cells and is used to prevent antibiotic resistance. However, obtaining CA has disadvantages in a bioreactor due to its low production. Consequently, the viability of the process is not very feasible for its industrialization. In this investigation, a model is obtained to simulate the production of clavulanic acid using a continuous mode of operation. The above, to identify strategies to improve CA productivity. Results are compared to traditional batch mode of operation. Based on the results, the final CA concentration can be improved by up to 60% over batch data. The results demonstrated the importance of computational techniques in bioprocess engineering, since computational simulation focuses on identifying critical operational parameters as a starting point in the optimization of antibiotic production.

Topic: Biotechnology and Agroindustrial Engineering

MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE MICROALGAE HAEMATOCOCCUS PLUVIALIS UTEX2505 SUBJECTED TO DIFFERENT STRESS FACTORS

CAMACHO KURMEN JUDITH ELENA ¹,
¹ Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca,

Email: ¹ jelenacamacho@unicolmayor.edu.co,

Abstract: Astaxanthin is a natural pigment widely distributed in nature and of great commercial interest as a colorant and for its various pigment and bioactive properties. Haematococcus pluvialis is a green algae that accumulates carotenoids, mainly astaxanthin when exposed to stressful conditions. However, in the literature there are no systematic studies that allow determining the stress conditions that best favor the morphological change for the accumulation of astaxanthin. It was realized a review of the morphology change of the microalgae subjected to stress conditions such as nutrient deficiency, saline stress with sodium acetate and sodium chloride, high irradiance, light color (white, red and blue) was carried out. The microalgae biomass and astaxanthin production were determined, correlating with the morphological change. A shorter encysting time (12 days) was established, using as stress conditions: RM medium with 4.0% nitrogen, pH 6.7, light / dark cycle 20h: 4h, continuous stirring, 5% CO2, lighting with lamps. white fluorescents and an irradiance of 140 �E / m2s; achieving in turn, a maximum accumulation of astaxanthin of 7.4 ug / ml and a mobile flagellated vegetative morphology of green color, palmella cell and totally red aplanospore cell. The work used as a stress factor the use of white, blue and red light, LED type with high irradiance up to 150 μE/ m2 s in combination with nitrogen deficiency ,sodium acetate and sodium chloride since it is a factor of stress that can increase the production of astaxanthin. It was found that the studies that obtained the highest concentration of astaxanthin, used white light with high irradiance, establishing the importance of combining high irradiance and stress factors such as nutrient deficiency or addition of salts, to increase the production of aplanospore cells, thus increasing astaxanthin concentrations.

Topic: Biotechnology and Agroindustrial Engineering

OPERATING MODE EFFECT ON LIPIDS PRODUCTION FROM RHODOTORULA MUCILAGINOSA: MODELLING AND SIMULATION TRENDS

CARDOZO LEIDY ¹, DURAN KAREN ², NI�O L�PEZ LILIBETH ³, GELVES GERMAN ⁴,
¹ Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad de Antioquia, ⁴ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ leidyjohannacg@ufps.edu.co, ² karenlorenadc@ufps.edu.co, ³ lilicarininolop@gmail.com, ⁴ rgzrgz@gmail.com,

Abstract: A sustainable option for the use of fossil fuels is the production of biodiesel from lipids. These oils are used in the form of triglycerides and are known to be potentially renewable, non-toxic, and biodegradable, making it a sustainable product. To obtain these biofuels, the oil obtained from microorganisms is one of the most feasible strategies, obtaining theoretically optimal results. In this research, the kinetic constants of the oil yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa are used to simulate lipid accumulation based on different production strategies. Likewise, Matlab software is used for simulated modes of discontinuous and continuous operation to establish comparisons between the obtained productions and their interpretations. The data for the batch mode were: 14 g / L for the cells and a production of 0.22 g / g for the lipids. Likewise, for the continuous mode, its results were: 19 g / L for biomass growth and a value of 0.30 g / g in lipid production. The simulated results in continuous mode would demonstrate the effectiveness of its implementation and that a more significant accumulation of lipids is achieved.

Topic: Biotechnology and Agroindustrial Engineering

OVERVIEW AND NATIONAL CHALLENGES OF THE BIOTECHNOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF HYDROCARBONOCLASTIC BACTERIA

PARADA RINC�N DIANA CAROLINA ¹, ALVARADO VEGA KELLY VALENTINA ², SEP�LVEDA CONTRERAS NATALIA ³, MORENO ROZO LAURA YOLIMA ⁴,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander , ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander , ⁴ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander ,

Email: ¹ dianacarolinapr@ufps.edu.co, ² kellyvalentinaav@ufps.edu.co, ³ nataliasc@ufps.edu.co, ⁴ laurayolimamr@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Oil is the world's main energy source, but when spills, leaks or inadequate extraction and purification by the oil industry occur, it becomes one of the planet's major pollutants, causing negative effects on the environment; in soils, hydrocarbons prevent the entry of nutrients to plant species by modifying the values of pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, humidity and the concentration of Ca+, Mg+, K+, Na+, P, Al+++, NO3- and N ions, affecting gas exchange with the atmosphere. However, there are microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and algae) capable of partially or totally transforming hydrocarbons to use them as a source of carbon and energy, they are called hydrocarbonoclast microorganisms (BHC) and are considered indispensable in ecosystems contaminated with oil; many have the ability to produce surfactant molecules, due to their cellular machinery; these molecules are called biosurfactants and have a wide range of applications, especially in the mineralization and solubilization of hydrocarbons. The implementation of bioremediation allows the elimination, neutralization or reduction of a toxic or pollutant present in the environment. The objective of this research consisted in the analysis and systemic documentation of research focused on hydrocarbonoclast bacteria and their biotechnological potential in the production of biosurfactant molecules in the present anthropogenic era, taking into account the national panorama and challenges; in order to set a precedent at the national and regional level where this type of studies is very limited.

Topic: Biotechnology and Agroindustrial Engineering

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM RHIZOPHERIC SOILS OF RICE CULTURE

RAM�REZ CAICEDO LILIAN TRINIDAD ¹, MIRANDA BUITRAGO MARIAALEJANDRA ²,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ liliantrinidadrc@ufps.edu.co, ² alejandra.mirandabu@gmail.com,

Abstract: The microbial load of the soil is usually very diverse and with large varieties of populations that are mainly found in the rhizosphere of the soil, said microbiota plays a very important role due to its biofertilizing potential, leaving nutrients available for plants. The present work aimed to physiologically characterize rhizobacteria isolated from rice cultivation. For this, 19 isolates conserved in the Bioprocesses laboratory of the Francisco de Paula Santander University were reactivated and they were characterized macroscopically and microscopically following the formats established in the strain. Subsequently, 16 isolates were determined to have their atmospheric nitrogen fixing capacity using the quantitative Micro-Kjeldhal method and 4 isolates were determined for their phosphate solubilization capacity, according to the Bray II method, adapted for bacterial cultures. The range of phosphorus solubilization in SRSM culture broth was between 24.81 to 28.80 mg PO4 = / L, the BSP-8A strain obtained a higher phosphate solubilization value of 28.80 mgPO4 = / L; the strains corresponding to BPL-2A and BPL-3A presented the highest value of biological nitrogen fixation in vitro of 8.41 μg N-NH3.mL-1 and 8.79 μg N-NH3.mL-1 respectively. The results obtained allowed to conclude that all the evaluated strains have biofertilizing potential since it was possible to quantify the fixed atmospheric nitrogen and the solubilized phosphorus, which promises an alternative the use of biological agents to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers within a friendly agricultural production with the environment.

Topic: Biotechnology and Agroindustrial Engineering

PRODUCTION OF BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS FROM COFFEE MUCILAGE BY MEANS OF THE AZOTOBACTER VINELANDII

RAMIREZ ALVAREZ ANGIE DANIELA ¹, MORENO JIMENEZ SARA VALENTINA ², MOSCOSO GAMA JOHANNA MARCELA ³,
¹ Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, ² Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, ³ UNIVERSIDAD COLEGIO MAYOR DE CUNDINAMARCA,

Email: ¹ adanielaramirez@unicolmayor.edu.co, ² svmoreno@unicolmayor.edu.co, ³ jperpe@unicolmayor.edu.co,

Abstract: In the coffee production process only 9% of the net weight of the coffee bean is used for the production of the beverage, 90.5% is not used and the mismanagement of the waste produces pollution of water sources affecting their composition and potability It is very important to note that coffee is considered a national symbol. Throughout the world thanks to its pleasant taste and sweet and good price. The year 2020 closed with a production of almost 14 million bags of 60 kilos of coffee, which indicates that there was produced quite a lot of waste from this industry. In addition, it is known that the plastic industry has a high demand that increases day by day in recent years to increased by 58% in 2018 compared to the increase of 2008; Unfortunately, the largest amount of plastics that are normally used are those obtained from fuels, affecting the ozone layer. But the problem is even greater since plastic due to its chemical composition takes thousands of years to decompose and if decomposed can generate toxic products for living things. It is therefore extremely important to provide a solution for the use of the residual biomass that occurs in the coffee-growing area and thus to provide environmentally friendly solutions through the production of biodegradable plastic. This project aims to use coffee mucilage as a source of fermentable carbohydrate for the bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) granules suitable for the production of biodegradable plastic inputs. This in order to ensure an intelligent residual management of the mucilage so that it does not end the water sources and also provide the plastics industry with a more environmentally friendly alternative since the plastic that will be produced will not emit gas greenhouse effect (GEI) and is biodegradable by producing nutrients suitable for use as fertilizer in plants or soil. Para poder llevar a cabo esta transformaci�n es importante hacer usos de la bacteria Azotobacter vinelandii, ya que esta bacteria es fijadora de nitr�geno y esto se da en virtud que usan altos niveles de glucosa o carbohidratos para realizar su proceso de fijaci�n, con ello produce alginatos, este es un emulsionante importante para la s�ntesis del pl�stico. Con esto se busca poder establecer c�mo se integra el muc�lago como fuente de carbono a la bacteria Azotobacter vinelandii,; in addition, determine the proportional ratio between used mucilage and plastic produced with the help of Azotobacter vinelandii. The results and different graphs have been taken from previous research using different sources of fermentable carbon such as grape marc or beet molasses.

Topic: Biotechnology and Agroindustrial Engineering

SIMULATING OF DHA FROM S. LIMACINUM OUC88: FED-BATCH PERSPECTIVES

CONTRERAS BRENDA ¹, BASTO DEISY ², NI�O L�PEZ LILIBETH ³, GELVES GERMAN ⁴,
¹ Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad de Antioquia, ⁴ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ brendacarolinacr@ufps.edu.co, ² deisymallerlinbc@ufps.edu.co, ³ lilicarininolop@gmail.com, ⁴ rgzrgz@gmail.com,

Abstract: 1000 / 5000 Resultados de traducci�n Biotechnology and its need to improve industrial processes have highlighted the need for techniques to optimize processes. Computer-aided simulation offers the advantage of determining production trends without excessive use of resources or significant experimentation time. That is why in this research a kinetic model of DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) uptake was evaluated using Schizochytrium limacinum OUC88. Based on the above, this work proposes a mathematical approach to simulate DHA production in a fed batch model, using Matlab software. The experimental data to determine the kinetic parameters were taken from previous references and a DHA concentration was reached in the fed batch mode of 150 g / L. However, the results in batch mode suggested a value of 30 g / L, demonstrating the effectiveness of fed-batch implementation with prospects for process improvement.

Topic: Biotechnology and Agroindustrial Engineering

SIMULATING OF PHYCOCYANIN PRODUCTION FROM SPIRULINA PLATENSIS APPLYING DIFFERENT LEDS

RIVERA CHRISTIAN ¹, NI�O L�PEZ LILIBETH ², GELVES ZAMBRANO GERMAN RICARDO ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad de Antioquia, ³ Universidad Francisco Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ christianrc@ufps.edu.co, ² lilicarininolop@gmail.com, ³ germanricardogz@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Phycocyanin is a high value chromoprotein for various industries. Currently, the need to meet food demand, search for more sustainable processes and product development have led to a growing interest in this type of pigments generated by photosynthetic microorganisms such as microalgae. The objective of this work is to simulate a series of processes in a dynamic state using a Monod model, adding to this pre-established model a factor little explored in simulations which consisted of the effect of the different light spectra in promoting the increase in the productivity of phycocyanin. The maximums of phycocyanin were obtained for red light Also, cell growth and phycocyanin kinetic velocities are candidates to zero values for all spectra, considering more than 50% of the inner bioreactor zone.

Topic: Biotechnology and Agroindustrial Engineering

SIMULATION OF DIFFERENT BIOREACTOR OPERATING MODES FOR CELLULASE PRODUCTION

MORA DANIELA ¹, CARRILLO FERNANDA ², NI�O L�PEZ LILIBETH ³, GELVES ZAMBRANO GERMAN RICARDO ⁴,
¹ Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad de Antioquia, ⁴ Universidad Francisco Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ danielaalejandrame@ufps.edu.co, ² fernandacm@ufps.edu.co, ³ lilicarininolop@gmail.com, ⁴ germanricardogz@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The production of cellulases has been used in important applications in the textile industry as well as in the formulation of some medicines. Therefore, new adjustments to the mathematical model are proposed for optimization in its elaboration. In this process, two feeding strategies were carried out to maximize cellulase production using 10g / L of cellulose and 0.4g / L of cells, the first simulation used a discrete feeding of cellulose to provide the maximum activity of the enzyme to a determined time, the second was carried out with a continuous feeding of the same substrate, concentrations and amount of cell. A comparative review was made of which of the modes of operation used was the most efficient in obtaining cellulase; From this it was obtained that the continuous model allows to maintain a high concentration of cellulase using small amounts of the inducing substrate and a shorter time in order to avoid the inhibition of enzyme production.

Topic: Biotechnology and Agroindustrial Engineering

STANDARDIZED METHODOLOGY FOR DNA EXTRACTION IN MICROALGAE

LOPEZ LUCIANO ¹, CONTRERAS JIM�NEZ MARISOL ²,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Departamento del medio ambiente, Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ lucianolb@ufps.edu.co, ² marisolcjcoj@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Microalgae are unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms with the ability to photosynthesize. They generate organic biomass from CO2 and light, using water as an electron donor, oxidizing it to O2. They grow using light as energy and CO2 as a carbon source. They have a cell wall composed of hemicellulose and saccharides that prevent the release of intracellular biological molecules that make them resistant to degradation, making it a challenge to extract DNA from them at high concentrations. This work initially consisted of a detailed bibliographic review that covered the methodologies mostly used in DNA extraction processes and put these methodologies into practice in the molecular diagnostics laboratory of the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander. In this essay, a methodology was proposed that consisted of relating different extraction protocols in this case the CTAB method implemented by Laura Patricia Alejos Velazquez in 2012 and the extraction method with glass beads by Zinkon� in 2018, making certain modifications in the process. Initially, a trial test was performed to verify that the methodology used was viable, to which favorable results were obtained, so we proceed to perform a final test with the same methodology, but making certain changes in the compositions of the extraction buffers, modifying the percentage of CTAB and the concentration of NaCl, for this study 5 different treatments were proposed that were applied to 51 samples. The results of this study were analyzed by means of electrophoresis in agarose gel at 1.2% agarose, and Nanodrop, in the same way the statistical analysis software design expert 11 was implemented, to determine the factors that influence significantly in this study and to establish the optimal calculations to obtain desirable results, being the most significant factors in the results of this test the concentration of NaCl, and the relation time/ rpm in vortex. Similarly, the surface graph provided by design expert 11, established response values and desirable operating conditions in terms of CTAB and latex time, showing that increasing the time in latex and decreasing the percentage of CTAB, it was possible to obtain better DNA concentrations. Concluding that by means of the execution of this work it was possible to fully comply with the objectives initially proposed, managing to standardize a DNA extraction methodology relating the CTAB method and the extraction method with glass beads, identifying the factors that had a significant influence and the ideal conditions of the extraction components.

Topic: Biotechnology and Agroindustrial Engineering

SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF INDUSTRIALLY RELEVANT MICROALGAE-BASED METABOLITES

BARAJAS SOLANO ANDRES FERNANDO ¹, GARC�A MARTINEZ JANET BIBIANA ², CONTRERAS ROPERO JEFFERSON EDUARDO ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco De Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco De Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco De Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ andresfernandobs@ufps.edu.co, ² janetbibianagm@ufps.edu.co, ³ jeffersoneduardocr@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The constant demographic growth has led to significant technical and economic developments in utilizing the land's usable resources. However, the insufficiency of agricultural productivity in the race to meet the food demand leads to an increase in energy requirements from oil, coal, and natural gases, allowing an excessive depletion of non-renewable natural resources. Microalgal biotechnology has made it possible to improve food production without compromising land or natural resources to degradation due to the abuse of chemical compounds since these agricultural productions become unsustainable over time and cause more significant environmental deterioration. Microalgae are considered as a potential source of nutrients of high biological value (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, among others) and also provide eco-friendly alternatives since they absorb up to 100 times more carbon dioxide than plants. However, the technological development of downstream processing or harvesting and extraction of microalgal biomass presents significant problems due to the high costs generated around this phase, attributing up to 40% of the overall economy of the process and affecting the achievement and viability of microalgal biotechnology as a sustainable green economy. One of the most critical challenges in implementing microalgal crops as environmentally friendly technologies is to obtain high efficiency in biomass harvesting methods, focusing efforts on downstream processing as a link to solid, cost-effective techniques. Within the harvesting processes, there are several techniques such as centrifugation, chemical flocculation, electro flocculation, electroflotation, filtration, decantation, among others, each of them with advantages and disadvantages compared to others either by their scalability, energy demand, or final disposal of the product in question; the objective of this work is to design a processing method for the extraction and to obtain metabolites of high biological value such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids of microalgal origin. This research was carried out at the Francisco de Paula Santander University, Elysian Fields (Los Patios, Norte de Santander), using the strain isolated from a thermal well in the city of C�cuta, Norte de Santander and identified and morphologically characterized as Chlorella sp. It was cultivated in an air-lift photobioreactor with a working volume of 10 liters for 30 days. Tests to determine the interaction of harvesting method (flocculation and electroflotation), drying technique (oven and dehydrator), time, and temperature were performed and analyzed using a non-factorial design of experiments (4 factors, three levels) with response surface using Design-Expert� software. The preliminary results were used to design a laboratory scale method with the capacity to obtain 808.6, 155.3 mg/L using the electroflotation technique and implementing the dehydrator at a temperature of 30 �C for 30 hours for proteins, carbohydrates respectively and 99.3726 mg/L for lipids under electroflotation and dehydrator conditions for 26 hours at 60�C. Each process was optimized under specific desirability criteria for each metabolite, maintaining optimal concentrations of the other analytes.

Topic: Biotechnology and Agroindustrial Engineering

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF TRAINING THE TEACHING OF ZOOTECHNY IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC.

GARCIA QUINTERO CARMEN LICETH ¹,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Oca�a ,

Email: ¹ clgarciaq@ufpso.edu.co,

Abstract: Zootechnics has as objectives, the production, transformation and efficient trade of animals of human interest, with ethical, sustainability and equity criteria; Therefore, the study plans in the livestock area have developed their curricula adapting them to the needs of the context, where the practice spaces that the institution offers for the construction and development of knowledge, the acquisition of competences and the definition of the graduation profile, are given by the development of skills and abilities that are only achieved in practice spaces with animals. The objective of this work is to determine the characteristics of the training process from the practice of the zootechnician, the training potential of the practical component and the training alternatives in practice proposed by the institution during the development of the pandemic; Through a case study methodology of the Zootechnics program of the Francisco de Paula Santander Oca�a University, an inquiry is made about general aspects of their practical training before and during the pandemic, through a systematic monitoring of the process developed by two groups of students during their eighth semester of training; the first group developed the production semester, in pre-pandemic and the second group during the pandemic. The results collected indicate that teaching has had to be transformed towards a remote or distance model, requiring the use of educational techniques and resources with which many teachers and students do not have the skills to use it; improvisation has been recurrent because the key elements for decision-making were not available.

Topic: Animal Science

EFFECT OF THE CONCENTRATION OF SODIUM CHLORIDE IN WATER ON THE GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF JUVENILE PIRAPITINGA PIARACTUS BRACHYPOMUS

ORTEGA ROJAS YEIMY LEONARDO ¹, M�RQUEZ ECHEVERR� NERSY PAOLA ², CARRE�O CORREA RUB�N DAR�O ³, GUERRERO ALVARADO CAMILO ERNESTO ⁴,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ⁴ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ yeimyleonardoor@ufps.edu.co, ² nercypaolame@ufps.edu.co, ³ rubendariocc@ufps.edu.co, ⁴ camiloernestoga@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Sodium chloride (NaCl) it is one of the oldest substances used in pisciculture, due to its proven effectiveness as a prophylactic to avoid and control some external affections and as a preventive substance for possible diseases generated during transport and handling of fish in culture, however, its effects are not known on growth and survival when used by fish farmers in different concentrations. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of sodium chloride (common salt) 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 y 10% on the growth and survival of juveniles white pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus). 240 juveniles were used with an initial weight of de 7,88 � 0,07 g and initial size of 3,0 � 0,0 cm, which were distributed in 12 aquariums, corresponding to six treatments and two repetitions (20 fishes/aquarium). The juveniles of P. brachypomus were exposed for 96 hours to the different saline concentrations and subsequently placed back in sweet water for an additional period of 14 days, where were they monitored to evaluate weight gain (GP), size gain (GT), specific growth rate (TEC), and survival percentage (%S). The results showed that size gain and survival were not affected by any treatment. Saline concentrations of 8 and 10% presented representative differences (P<0,05) in weight gain and specific growth rate when comparing them with the other treatments, evidencing a decrease in growth. In conclusion, we can say that the use of sodium chloride in concentrations 2, 4 y 6%, help to that the juveniles of P. brachypomus have positive specific growth rates favoring weight and size gain, which approves the prophylactic use of common salt in these concentrations, without compromising the growth of the juveniles of this species.

Topic: Animal Science

FATTY ACID PROFILE OF THE FISH STEAK OF THE SPECIES DORAOPS ZULOAGAI AND POTAMORHINA LATICEPS FISHES BELONGING TO THE CATATUMBO BASIN

GUERRERO ALVARADO CAMILO ERNESTO ¹, RUBIO PARADA JORGE ALEXANDER ²,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ camiloernestoga@ufps.edu.co, ² jorgealexanderrp@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: ABSTRACT The objective of this scientific research was to characterize the fatty acid profile in the fish fillets of the Mariana (Doraops zuloagai, Schultz, 1944) and Manamana (Potamorhina laticeps, Valenciennes, 1850) species belonging to the Catatumbo basin. The fatty acid methyl esters analyze were carried out at SGS Colombia SAS (Bogot�, Cundinamarca), using the analytical method GC-FID, reference method CTS-LAB-P-17, and using a gas chromatograph, equipped with flame ionization detector, �Split/splitless� injector, capillary column of fused silica containing polyethylene glycol as stationary phase. Two fillet samples were analyzed for each species. Regarding the fatty acid profile, 22 fatty acids were identified in D. zuloagai and 19 fatty acids in P. laticeps. For both species the main fatty acids found were palmitic (C16: 0), stearic (C18: 0) and oleic (C18: 1 n-9). The species that showed the highest value of omega-3 fatty acids in the fillet was P. laticeps, which presented a concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 3.14 times higher than in the species D. zuloagai. In general, the fish fillet of P. laticeps presents higher values of polyunsaturated fatty acids and lower values of saturated fatty acids than the species D. zuloagai. The study of the fatty acid profile of the fillet of these two species will contribute to the orientation of health professionals (doctors, nutritionists, etc.) so that they offer adequate dietary guidance to their patients. Keywords: Catatumbo fish, fatty acids, gas chromatograph, Manamana, Mariana

Topic: Animal Science

PRODUCTIVE AND NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF GREEN HYDROPONIC RICE FORAGE

ESLAVA PEDRAZA ALIX AMANDA ¹, CARRE�O CORREA RUB�N DAR�O ²,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ alixamandaep@ufps.edu.co, ² rubendariocc@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Animal nutrition is one of the most relevant aspects that determine the profitability of the animal production systems, faced with this situation the production of different forages has been evaluated in traditional and hydroponic conditions. The present investigation evaluated in conditions of cold to temperate climate the production of hydroponic green forage (FVH) of uncertified rice seed (O. sativa); at day 38 post sowing biomass and height were recorded at 1147.12 g / m� and 57 mm, nutritional composition analysis indicated favorable results for protein content (22,74%); dry matter, gross energy, the FDN and FDA was within acceptable ranges for animal feeding. It is concluded that the yield in biomass and height was low and the nutritional composition adequate, indicating that the FVH O. sativa can be considered as an alternative in animal feed.

Topic: Animal Science

SIMULATION OF SCENARIOS OF GOOD LIVESTOCK PRACTICES FOR SMALL PRODUCERS IN COLOMBIA

SARMIENTO SAAVEDRA OSCAR EDUARDO ¹, BOH�RQUEZ RODR�GUEZ JUAN CAMILO ², BERMUDEZ HERNANDEZ ERICK YESID ³, REDONDO ORTEGON JOHAN MANUEL ⁴,
¹ Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje - SENA, ² Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje, ³ SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE - SENA., ⁴ Universidad Central de Colombia,

Email: ¹ oesarmiento682@misena.edu.co, ² juancamilo.b@misena.edu.co, ³ eybermudez59@misena.edu.co, ⁴ phdredondo@gmail.com,

Abstract: In Colombia, small producers do not have the technical and operational capacity to carry out good bovine production processes, which has generated the spread of diseases that have led the country to close its export processes, which is why the project was proposed with the objective of determining a system dynamics model that would allow these producers to determine the variables to implement safety criteria in their production, thereby improving the processes and seeking business opportunities for export processes from there. For this, information was collected from state and private sources, which allowed determining the variables that were most affecting livestock production, with the support of Fondo Ganadero del Tolima S.A. and an interdisciplinary group of professionals who defined that good livestock practices (GMP) are essential to increase production and improve health and safety processes in bovine production. That these practices would help to improve current production rates and that they will also allow us to reach new markets. Therefore, a system dynamics model was proposed in the Vensim PL program, with which the simulation of bovine production for a small producer was carried out, taking into account all the variables of good livestock practices and it was observed that if the indicators of these variables are met, the production processes would be improved, otherwise, if they were not carried out, the production levels would be lowered. Which generates a direct impact on the economy of small producers, who do not carry out implementation processes of these processes and, therefore, have losses due to poor management of livestock production. In the end, it is concluded, with the contributions given by the Fondo Ganadero del Tolima SA, that small producers in Colombia do not have technological tools that help them improve production indicators, therefore, increasing production levels is complex and will take time. to change this culture.

Topic: Animal Science

SIMULATION OF SCENARIOS OF GOOD LIVESTOCK PRACTICES FOR SMALL PRODUCERS IN COLOMBIA

REDONDO ORTEGON JOHAN MANUEL ¹, SARMIENTO SAAVEDRA OSCAR EDUARDO ², BOH�RQUEZ RODR�GUEZ JUAN CAMILO ³, BERMUDEZ HERNANDEZ ERICK YESID ⁴,
¹ Universidad Central de Colombia, ² Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje - SENA, ³ Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje, ⁴ SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE - SENA.,

Email: ¹ phdredondo@gmail.com, ² oesarmiento682@misena.edu.co, ³ juancamilo.b@misena.edu.co, ⁴ eybermudez59@misena.edu.co,

Topic: Animal Science

SIMULATION OF SCENARIOS OF GOOD LIVESTOCK PRACTICES FOR SMALL PRODUCERS IN COLOMBIA

PE�A TORRES MIGUEL ANGEL ¹, SARMIENTO SAAVEDRA OSCAR EDUARDO ², BOH�RQUEZ RODR�GUEZ JUAN CAMILO ³, BERMUDEZ HERNANDEZ ERICK YESID ⁴,
¹ SENA, ² Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje - SENA, ³ Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje, ⁴ SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE - SENA.,

Email: ¹ eustacio3210@gmail.com, ² oesarmiento682@misena.edu.co, ³ juancamilo.b@misena.edu.co, ⁴ eybermudez59@misena.edu.co,

Topic: Animal Science

TRAINING IN ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS

HOYOS PATI�O JOHANN FERNANDO ¹, VEL�SQUEZ CARRASCAL BLANCA LILIANA ², HERN�NDEZ VILLAMIZAR DANIEL ANTONIO ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Oca�a, ² Universidad Francisco de Paual Santander Oca�a, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paual Santander Oca�a,

Email: ¹ jfhoyosp@ufpso.edu.co, ² blvelasquezc@ufpso.edu.co, ³ dahernandezv@ufpso.edu.co,

Abstract: It is important to recognize that the basis of the economy of the region of Oca�a and the Catatumbo area is based on agricultural production, for this reason this study aims to recognize from the administrative and financial aspects the needs of the producers in the area, with the purpose of strengthening the productive units as a strategy born from the Research Seminar on Tourism, Education and Sustainability SITES of the Animal Science program of the University Francisco de Paula Santander Oca�a UFPSO, seeking to contribute to the economic development of the region. The origin of the conflict in the region of Catatumbo and the province of Oca�a, is associated with the non-existence of a relevant and sustainable process of rural development, the population of the municipalities that make up this region are mostly located in rural areas with large gaps in social inequalities. Everything is focused on sustainable development that allows taking advantage of, conserving and maximizing the use of resources, but this must be accompanied by administrative and financial management. It is for this reason that the design of a basic administrative and financial management plan is proposed to strengthen the SPAs in the province of Oca�a and the Catatumbo area as a strategy to promote economic development in the region. The objective of this research was to determine the most important aspects for the design of a training plan in administrative, financial and accounting aspects for the producers of Oca�a and the Catatumbo area. For this purpose, an analysis of bibliography was made and a survey was applied to 48 producers of the region, allowing to identify those topics of interest and that the producers recognize from the exercise of their activities that require support to strengthen their productive units. The research was based on a descriptive type of investigation, characterizing the productions of the region recognized in the province of Oca�a and the Catatumbo area. The study also led to recognize that 75% of the main production of the surveyed producers is livestock, showing greater participation in the production of milk cattle, beef cattle, poultry and swine production, from the agricultural part, production of sugar cane, coffee, banana, lemon, peppers, onion, avocado and mango among others are recognized. The producers surveyed expressed great interest in participating in training processes such as marketing. Logistics, value proposition, product export and financial management. This leads the SITES seedbed to continue working on a second stage of the research regarding the design of the training plan.

Topic: Animal Science

VALIDATION OF IN-VITRO PRODUCED EMBRYO TRANSFER TECHNIQUE IN BOVINE FEMALES

B�EZ SANDOVAL GIOVANNI MAURICIO ¹, LUNA CRUZ ARLEY DAVID ², JAIMES CASTRO ALVARO DAVID ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ giovannimauriciobs@ufps.edu.co, ² arleydavidlc@ufps.edu.co, ³ alvarodavidjc@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Genetic progress in bovine breeds is important for the productivity of the cattle industry and depends on the genotypic quality of the parents. Embryo transfer (ET) has made it possible to obtain improved individuals from in-vitro crosses of superior individuals. To validate the ET technique on field, 20 cryopreserved embryos were obtained from oocytes of cows of recognized genetics in the country, fertilized in the laboratory with semen from sires of high genetic quality and proven fertility, and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen at -196�C for direct transfer. Commercial recipient females with a predominantly zebu breed component were selected. The ovulation synchronization protocol consisted of a preliminary evaluation of the ovarian structures by transrectal ultrasonography, verifying the onset of estrous cyclicity due to the existence of a corpus luteum (CL). A group of fourteen cows and six cyclic heifers had an intravaginal slow-release progesterone device (Crestar�, MSD) inserted on a random day of the estrous cycle (day 0). That same day they received an injection of 2 ml of estradiol benzoate (Sincrodiol�, Ourofino). On day 8, the progesterone device was removed and 500 �g of cloprostenol (Estrumate�, MSD) were injected, plus an adhesive patch for the detection of estrus (EstrotectTM). Seven days after the confirmation of the presentation of evident heat, ovulation was verified by ultrasonography recording the presence of a CL and its location (right / left ovary). Eligible females received a dose of 1.2 mg / 100 kg of body weight of intramuscular xylazine (Rompun, Bayer) and 0.2 mg / kg of epidural lidocaine. The embryos were thawed according to the thawing protocol indicated for direct transfer, which consists of removing the straw from liquid nitrogen, keeping it at room temperature for 10 seconds, and then thawing it in water at 35�C for 30 seconds. Using a TE gun, the thawed embryo was transferred to the medial uterine horn ipsilateral to ovulation. Ultrasound pregnancy diagnosis was made on day 33 after heat, and weekly scanning (days 40, 47, 54, 61 and 68) was performed to determine development or embryo loss. 40% pregnancy was found at day 33 (8/20) and embryonic losses between days 33 and 47 was 62.5% (5/8). ET programs are technically feasible in the Norte de Santander region and represent a good opportunity to obtain accelerated genetic progress that compensates for reproductive inefficiencies that may occur in the process and that can be explained by factors associated with the transfer process, the maternal recognition of the pregnancy or to subsequent placentation processes.

Topic: Animal Science

ANALYSIS OF BIOPOLYMERS WITH STARCH FROM POTATO AND CASSAVA ORGANIC WASTES POLYMERIZED IN WATER

QUINTANA MARI�O DANIEL NICOLAS ¹, SANABRIA CHAPARRO DIANA PAOLA ²,
¹ Universidad Pedag�gica y Tecnol�gica de Colombia, ² Universidad Pedag�gica y Tecnol�gica de Colombia,

Email: ¹ nicolas.quintana.marinno@gmail.com, ² diana.sanabria01@uptc.edu.co,

Abstract: Disposable products, also known as "single-use" plastics, have been massively manufactured due to their rampant consumption, generating large accumulations of waste. During the last decades, the use of plastic has become indispensable for the daily life of people, increasing annually the global production of these materials that reach approximately 8.3 billion tons since 1950, this means that more than 300 million tons are produced annually. In order to find a solution to this environmental problem, research has been carried out with starch-based biopolymers; these materials are a viable alternative because starch is a renewable raw material, besides having the property of degrading in short times while providing nutrients to the soil. In this research we initially wanted to find the optimal ratio between starch and water as a basis for the manufacture of the biopolymer, generating an experimental design where the proportion of these two varies, in which starch extracted from potato and cassava residues was used. In the manufacture of the biopolymer, the variables of pH and temperature must be controlled, and it is divided into 4 processes: extraction, polymerization, molding and physical tests. As a result it was found that the proportions lower than 1:5 starch-water present difficulty to process and deficiency in the homogeneity of the mixture, while the proportions higher than 1:5 presented a linear shrinkage higher than 82.69% and a loss in weight higher than 74.45%; on the other hand, in the hardness analysis an average of 79 points in shore A scale was observed and the density with an average of 1.055 g/cm3, the results determined that the most adequate proportion is 1:6.5 of starch-water. With these results it is possible to advance to a second phase where different plasticizers such as glycerin and urea can be added, which can improve the physical-mechanical properties of the material.

Topic: Materials Science and Engineering

CO2 CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY STUDY USING AMINES AND ITS EFFECT ON THE CORROSION OF CARBON STEELS: A CRITICAL REVIEW

TIRADO DIEGO ¹, OROZCO AGAMEZ JUAN CARLOS ², PE�A BALLESTEROS DARIO YESID ³, UMA�A LUIS ⁴,
¹ Universidad Industrial de Santander, ² Universidad Industrial de Santander, ³ Universidad Industrial de Santander, ⁴ Universidad Industrial de Santander,

Email: ¹ diegotirado2711@gmail.com, ² juan.orozco1@correo.uis.edu.co, ³ dypena@correo.uis.edu.co, ⁴ saintmiguel38@gmail.com,

Abstract: To comply with environmental regulations and slow down global warming, countries carry out numerous investigations with the aim of implementing CO2 capture and sequestration technologies. CO2 by itself is not very corrosive to materials, however, when it dissolves in the produced water or when it dissolves in CO2 and is condensed, it increases its corrosive character, causing very high corrosion rates. At present, industrial processes are exposed to corrosion problems, which are mainly economic and operational in nature. This phenomenon was directly affected by the environmental conditions and those to which the service pipes and equipment are exposed. That is why the need arises to find protection strategies for materials that are affected by CO2 environments. In this sense, the capture of CO2 through the use of amines is seen as an attractive alternative due to the advantages of chemical absorption and the nature of a cyclical process. This research work analyzed and evaluated different studies associated with the capture of CO2 through the absorption of amines, taking into account as the axis of study the impact generated on the corrosion of carbon steels; taking into account the variables of temperature, pH, pressure, structure, and composition of the amine, CO2 capture efficiency and corrosion products formed; and its influence on the process. In this research was evidenced that for the CO2 capture process through the absorption of amines, that the cyclic structure reduces the corrosion rate; the most effective composition using the corrosion criteria is the mixed and tertiary type amine; regarding the pressure and temperature, it is determined that by increasing each of these, the reactions accelerate proportionally, but this occurs until reaching a maximum peak, the temperature dependence on the corrosion rate follows the Arrhenius behavior. Regarding the pH, an indirect influence is established on the products formed. For acid pH values, products that favor corrosion are generated, except for primary amines. Aiming at the formation of carbonate which generates a passive layer that reduces corrosion and is directly affected by the morphology of the amine. The conditions in which the CO2 capture process takes place differs according to the scenario in which it is carried out, establishing in this work certain conditions, which will serve as a reference for future research as applications of the process; thus taking great importance in the field of climate change and industry, among others.

Topic: Materials Science and Engineering

CONFIGURATION OF A STRUCTURAL SYSTEM OF DIVIDING WALLS FROM STRAW MODULES AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION

MANCILLA GRIMALDO JOSE JULIAN ¹, P�REZ ROJAS MAR�A CAMILA ², D�AZ FUENTES CARMEN XIOMARA ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santanter ,

Email: ¹ josejulianmancillag@gmail.com, ² mariacamilapr@ufps.edu.co, ³ carmenxiomaradf@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: At present, there is a growing interest in implementation of sustainable innovative structural solutions that contribute to mitigate environmental pollution generated mainly by large industries in the construction sector and extraction of hard-to-obtain raw materials. To consider the use of alternative materials with low carbon footprint is a challenge for the scientific community and construction industry globally, understanding, additionally, that the need for architectural solutions is increasingly diverse and focused on improving the benefits related to users standard of living. That's why, straw was chosen in this research as the main material since it has qualities such as low weight, and easy obtaintion because it is an agricultural by- product, which when organized with a structural system of wood obtained from reforested forests becomes an economic alternative of construction. The state of the art made it possible to identify relevant characteristics to be able to establish a selection of models gotten by researchers and / or interested companies in this field, which enables the development of design criteria that will guide the process using 2D AND 3D drawing tools in softwares such as AutoCad and Rhinoceros. This way, results present geometric experimentation on the design of an alternative structural system that has been called "Modulo ECOPaja" (ECOPaja Module). This design shows versatility in terms of its installation, since the piece is modulated by generating a more simple serial stacking and with various possibilities of architectural design, providing advantages related to comfort and space management thanks to the expansion or vacuum that separates the material from the covering to let its implementation for developing future experimental architectural projects in the Colombian rural territory.

Topic: Materials Science and Engineering

DESIGN, MANUFACTURE AND CONSTRUCTION OF A VISIBLE CONCRETE WALL WITH THERMAL INSULATION PROPERTIES.

GALVIS CENTURI�N RAM�N ¹, D�AZ FUENTES CARMEN XIOMARA ², P�REZ ROJAS MAR�A CAMILA ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santanter , ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ ramoneduardogc@ufps.edu.co, ² carmenxiomaradf@ufps.edu.co, ³ mariacamilapr@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The use of exposed concrete offers great plastic and formal possibilities. In this research article we focus on the relevant aspects to take into account when designing it to optimize resources in its manufacturing and construction process; as well as the application in the design process of a construction technique that allows incorporating the traditional clay block as a heat-proofing between the two external surfaces of the wall, expecting to obtain benefits through thermal transmittance. A private contract, made the research project development possible, in a continuous wall that is part of the main facade of a single-family house. It seeks to minimize the house maintenance costs, therefore, the design concentrated on solutions with architectural elements lacking of surface finishes, coatings or any other type of aesthetic treatment that would alter or interfere with the original materiality of the raw surface. The design and manufacture of the forms were also significant since they determine the final finish of the wall at the moment of disassembling. As a result, the fundamental idea of the design project was realized based on the materials implementation in their visible natural state and on the orientation of the architectural program avoiding solar radiation, optimizing thermal comfort in the different spaces that make up the house, implementing in its main facade an unconventional exposed concrete wall, designed by two layers of 10 cm thick reinforced concrete on each side of a masonry wall in clay block No. 5 that produces a delay in the heat transmission from outside to inside. Keywords: Design and Manufacturing, Exposed concrete, Thermal insulation, Reinforced concrete.

Topic: Materials Science and Engineering

DETERMINATION OF THE PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF A PERMEABLE BLOCK

JARAMILLO H. J. ¹, GOMEZ-CAMPEROS J A ², QUINTERO-QUINTERO N. ³,
¹ UFPSO, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Oca�a, ³ ufpso,

Email: ¹ gomezufpso@gmail.com, ² jagomezc@ufpso.edu.co, ³ nquinteroq@ufpso.edu.co,

Abstract: Objective: Analyze the influence of the incorporation of crushed PET as a substitute for fine aggregate in percentages of 10, 15, and 20% to elaborate concrete blocks. Methodology: The research carried out had an experimental quantitative approach, where the influence of the addition of crushed PET as a substitute for fine aggregate for the elaboration of concrete blocks was analyzed to identify the variation in the physical and mechanical properties of test samples elaborated under different dosages, compared with the standard procedures NTC-4076, NTC-3495 and NSR-10. Results: The blocks with the different percentages of PET presented a good resistance compared to the block without PET, which presented a resistance of 8 MPa; in the same way, the blocks with PET at 10, 15, and 20% presented average resistance of 6.36, 3.58, and 4.63 MPa, respectively. Conclusions: The blocks with 10% aggregate are waterproof with normal density, while the blocks with 15 and 20% PET presented high permeability, with the capacity to drain 1 liter of water in 105 and 38 s, respectively.

Topic: Materials Science and Engineering

EFFECT OF LAYER THICKNESS AND SPIN COATING SPEED ON THE ANTICORROSIVE PERFORMANCE OF 316L STEEL COATED WITH BI/TI FILMS BY SOL-GEL METHOD.

GARZ�N AGUDELO PEDRO ANTONIO ¹, BAUTISTA RUIZ JORGE HERNANDO ²,
¹ UFPS, ² UFPS,

Email: ¹ pedroantonioga@ufps.edu.co, ² jorgebautista@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Bismuth and titanium are interesting elements with good properties and applications in technological developments and in the field of biomedicine. The sol gel method was used to form a Bi-Ti system, making it possible to establish whether it was possible to obtain films with anti-corrosive properties on AISI 316L steel. The anti-corrosive response was evaluated by means of Tafel curves, defining the production parameters to obtain the best functional films with good tribological properties. Coatings were obtained using the "spin coating" technique, varying the centrifugation speeds from 3000 to 5000 rpm with monolayer and bilayer systems. More positive values of corrosion potential were obtained when the steel is coated by the films, which implies lower propensity to corrosion in saline medium, lower corrosion rates and higher potentials are reported for films with higher Ti content, likewise better efficiencies of the film with respect to the substrate are presented, the higher the Ti content and no strong influence is observed between the calculated efficiencies and the spin coating speeds.

Topic: Materials Science and Engineering

ELABORATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PHOSPHORESCENT CEMENTITIOUS PASTES BASED ON GEOPOLYMERS

LAMUS SANGUINO JESSICA KATHERINE ¹, CONTRERAS DANNA LIZBETH ², PE�A RODR�GUEZ GABRIEL ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ jessicakatherinels@ufps.edu.co, ² dannalizbethcm@ufps.edu.co, ³ gabrielpr@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The synthesis of cementitious pastes with technological properties is a research topic in the construction industry and in architectural designs. Therefore, the production of phosphorescent cementitious pastes based on geopolymers obtained from metakaolines, and the mechanical and morphological characterization of their aggregates are presented. For the preparation of the samples, commercial strontium aluminate powders doped with europium and dysprosium were used. Obtaining the geopolymer was carried out using commercial kaolin powders, which were sieved in 325 um mesh, subsequently the transformation to metakaolin was carried out by heat treatment at 750 � C for 6 hours with a heating rate of 10 � C / min. The metakaolin geopolymerization process was carried out using sodium hydroxide at 10M, in a 1: 1 ratio, for 24 hours. The geometry of the samples was cylindrical with a 1: 2 ratio between diameter and length. For the mechanical characterization of compression, the ASMT C39-18 standard was used, while the morphology of the phosphorescent powders was studied using scanning electron microscopy (FEI model Quanta 650 FEG), and the elemental composition by analyzing the spectra of X-ray energy dispersion (EDS). Image analysis was performed using Image J software. Our results show that mechanical resistance increases with curing time, and the morphology of strontium aluminate powders have an average particle size of 21.75 um.

Topic: Materials Science and Engineering

ELASTIC BEHAVIOR OF NATURAL RUBBER MIXED WITH SUGARCANE BAGASSE ASH

BARRERA GIOVANNI ¹, GUTIERREZ A. CARLOS MARIO ², DOS SANTOS RENIVALDO JOSE ³, TEIXEIRA SILVIO R. ⁴, JOB ALDO ⁵,
¹ Instituto Tecnol�gico Metropolitano, ² Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano, ³ Unidad de Ingenier�a- Campus Experimental Rosana, Universidad Estadual Paulista UNESP, ⁴ Unidad de ciencias, Campus Presidente Prudente-Universidad Estadual Paulista UNESP, ⁵ Unidad de ciencias, Campus Presidente Prudente-Universidad Estadual Paulista UNESP,

Email: ¹ giovannibarrera@itm.edu.co, ² carlosgutierrez@itm.edu.co, ³ renivaldo.santos@unesp.br, ⁴ silvio.rainho@unesp.br, ⁵ aldo.job@unesp.br,

Abstract: In order to identify the influence on the properties of natural rubber after being mixed with cane bagasse ash particles, the elastic properties and resistance to breakage the samples were evaluated applying the ASTM D 412 standard (ASTM International, 2008). In addition to this test, the influence of filler particles was corroborated through mechanical dynamic analysis. Subsequently, the samples with the best response to breakage were identified, confirming the reduction in elasticity correlated to the number of particles as a response to their function as inhibitors of their dynamic character within the polymeric rubber chains. Likewise, the Tangent delta and the behavior of the damping modulus were observed in behavior similar to that of the tension-elongation; the samples with a higher percentage originated early breakage compared to the natural rubber samples with a lower percentage of particles, which showed greater elasticity, possibly due to the low physical interaction of the matrix-reinforcement phases. The objective of this presentation is to present the elastic behavior of a natural rubber after being subjected to mixtures with different percentages of cane bagasse ash particles. (Giovanni Barrera T., 2020), which has the potential to be a compound with wide applications in the market (R. J. d. Santos, 2014). Keywords: Natural rubber, sugarcane bagasse ash, elasticity, dynamic-mechanical properties, rubber compounds. Thanks. To the scholarship program of the AUIP-PAEDEX of UNESP and to the ITM by the Doctoral study commission. References ASTM International. (2008). ASTM D 412. D11 Committee, "Test Method for Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers-Tension," ASTM International. ASTM. Giovanni Barrera Torres, C. M. (2020). Potential Eco-friendly Application of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash in the Rubber Industry. Waste and biomass valorization, 1-16. R. J. d. Santos, D. L. (2014 ). Sugarcane Bagasse Ash: New Filler to Natural Rubber Composite. Pol�meros, pp. 664-653.

Topic: Materials Science and Engineering

ELECTROCHEMICAL REPLACEMENT APPROACHES TO EXPLAIN THE ORIGIN OF PRE-COLUMBIAN PERUVIAN GILDED COPPER-BASED OBJECTS

ALVIZ-MEZA ANIBAL ¹, CHIPOCO HARO DANAE ², VELARDE DELLEPIANE MARIA INES ³,
¹ Universidad de Ingenier�a y Tecnolog�a - UTEC, ² Universidad de Ingenier�a y Tecnolog�a - UTEC, ³ Universidad de Ingenier�a y Tecnolog�a - UTEC,

Email: ¹ centropatrimonio1@utec.edu.pe, ² danae.chipoco@utec.edu.pe, ³ centropatrimonio9@utec.edu.pe,

Abstract: Pre-Columbian Peruvian goldsmiths developed gilded copper objects that are still undergoing corrosion processes despite their care in museums. Therefore, an understanding of gilding techniques is essential to preserve these heritage pieces. In this sense, Lechtman was the first to identify and recreate the electrochemical replacement as a gilding technique. Despite her remarkable achievement, her discussion four decades ago lacks precise quantitative data to reproduce the proposed electroless process. Herein, we focused on obtaining the complete experimental data to recreate her protocol. We used 0.0033 g/mL of HAuCl4 as a gold precursor while 0.0047g/mL for KNO3, ALK(SO4)2.12H2O, and NaCl as complement reagents. Then, 0.0113 g/mL of sodium bicarbonate was added to obtain a pH of around 9 in the solution. Finally, polished copper pieces were gilded by immersing them in the electrolytic bath for 3 and 6 min at 80�C. Our results demonstrated that although the gilding of copper coupons is feasible through the electrochemical replacement strategy, it could give rise to anodic regions in the assessed objects. Hence, we conclude that Pre-Columbian Peruvian goldsmiths could have used a different gilding technique to avoid the presence of said anodic zones.

Topic: Materials Science and Engineering

EVALUATION OF THE STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL-CERAMIC PROPERTIES WHEN MIXING MOLDED CELLULOSE CONTAINERS IN PASTES FOR CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

ANTELIZ CONTRERAS KEILA ¹, CELY ILLERA LEONARDO ², CELY NI�O JAIRO ³,
¹ Universidad de Pamplona, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ keila.anteliz@unipamplona.edu.co, ² leonardocely@ufps.edu.co, ³ jairowilgbertocn@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: This work is the first part of research, which analyses the influence exerted by cardboard with which egg packaging is manufactured, on the behavior of a clay, when mixed for ceramic pastes in the manufacture of construction products. In this initial research, the physical-ceramic properties of three cardboard and clay matrix formulations were evaluated at the laboratory level, U (95:5), N (90:10) and A (85:15), and compared with a clay matrix, L (100:0), with the aim of determining not only the ideal percentage of cardboard and the possible ceramic product to be manufactured, but also propose an effective solution for the recycling of agro-industrial waste that today is thrown into the environment without any control about these. Using the extrusion technique and firing in a mufla furnace (900 �C, 1000 �C and 1100 �C) to mold and fire the specimens, they were developed on these analyses to evaluate technological aspects (contractions, density and mass losses) and structural, mechanical and tribological properties. The results showed that the addition of this material produces promising results, with the U formulation being the best-performing, without ruling out the use of N and A as suitable formulations in various technological applications

Topic: Materials Science and Engineering

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE BEHAVIOR OF API N-80 CARBON STEEL UNDER THE APPLICATION OF THE STEAM-COMBUSTION GAS INJECTION TECHNIQUE.

OROZCO AGAMEZ JUAN CARLOS ¹, PE�A BALLESTEROS DARIO YESID ², ACEROS JHON ³, CARDENAS ADRIAN ⁴,
¹ Universidad Industrial de Santander, ² Universidad Industrial de Santander, ³ Universidad Industrial de Santander, ⁴ Universidad Industrial de Santander,

Email: ¹ juan.orozco1@correo.uis.edu.co, ² dypena@correo.uis.edu.co, ³ jhon2170583@correo.uis.edu.co, ⁴ adrian2170590@correo.uis.edu.co,

Abstract: In Colombia, the heavy and extra-heavy oil fields located in the Middle Magdalena Valley basin have been exploited using the cyclical steam injection technique for more than 25 years. From this recovery technique, large amounts of combustion gases (CO2, among others) are emitted that pollute the atmosphere and raise the costs of environmental restoration. Therefore, the use of the thermal energy of these gases and the possibility of capturing CO2 through the hybrid injection of flue gas with steam has been considered as an alternative improved oil recovery technique. However, a significant deterioration has been evidenced in the materials that make up the production pipes (Tubings) and the casing pipes (Casings) due to the application of this method. In the present study, the behavior of API N-80 carbon steel exposed to an atmosphere of steam-flue gas in a reactor that works under real operating conditions (pressure (800-1500 psi) and temperature (510-600 � F)) of a steam injection process in Colombian oil fields. Through this work it has been possible to evaluate the thermodynamic behavior of the flue gas-water vapor mixture, observing a model of real gases that can be modeled by means of Kay's rule. Similarly, a loss of mass of the studied materials has been observed, presenting parabolic corrosion kinetics. It is considered that the deterioration originated in the API N-80 carbon steel, is mainly due to the aggressive operational working conditions, as well as the presence of CO2 in the atmosphere, which reacts with water vapor and of this form generates corrosive products on the surface of the material. Likewise, the products were verified through thermodynamic simulation.

Topic: Materials Science and Engineering

FORMABILITY OF STEEL SHEETS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRESSURE CYLINDERS

CASADIEGO PERALTA CLAUDIA LILIANA ¹, BARBOSA JAIMES JHON ERICKSON ², GARC�A P�EZ ISMAEL HUMBERTO ³,
¹ Universidad Libre, ² UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ claudial.casadiegop@unilibre.edu.co, ² jhon.barbosa@unad.edu.co, ³ ismaelhumbertogp@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: In this work, a study of the chemical composition, metallography and mechanical properties of 2.2 mm SG 295 and SG325 2.3 mm thick steel sheets was carried out in order to compare their formability and therefore behavior against deep drawing and stretching operations. The chemical analysis was carried out by optical emission spectrometry and the metallographic structure was analyzed using ASTM E3 standard. The intrinsic properties related to the formability of materials such as, elongation to fracture in 50mm, A50; conventional yield limit at 0.2% elongation, σy(0.2%); ultimate strength, σu; strain hardening exponent, n, and anisotropy coefficient at 15% elongation, r15, were determined by tensile tests according to ASTM E8M, ASTM E646 and ASTM 517 standards. Forming limit curves were determined under ASTM E2218, for which a device was designed, built and attached to a universal test machine. The results obtained for SG 295 and SG325 steel sheets were: tensile strength of 450 and 520 MPa, elongation to fracture of 24.9 and 17.2%, deformation hardening exponent of 0.233 and 0.195 and the anisotropy coefficient of 1,645 and 1,368, respectively. In conclusion, although the SG295 steel sheet has a lower forming limit curve due to its thickness, the other results suggest that it will perform better than SG325 steel in deep drawing and stretching operations.

Topic: Materials Science and Engineering

MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF CONCRETE REINFORCED WITH STEEL FIBERS AND POLYPROPYLENE FIBERS

OSPINA MIGUEL ¹, CHAVES PAB�N SAIETH ², GAVIRIA CARLOS ³,
¹ Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, ² Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, ³ Universidad Militar Nueva Granada,

Email: ¹ miguel.ospina@unimilitar.edu.co, ² saieth.chaves@unimilitar.edu.co, ³ carlos.gaviria@unimilitar.edu.co,

Abstract: Conducting studies on the state in which a structure is found is necessary to characterize its condition, both physical, chemical and mechanical; Likewise, research on the mechanical behavior of materials has been increased in order to know in which mechanical properties the material is strong and in which it is not, this has not been far from concrete. In recent years, concrete has been developed to improve its behavior; especially its ability to support bending forces, of which concrete is very weak; This has been done through the implementation of chemical or physical additions that will increase the adhesion capacity of the concrete and its flexibility. In the case of physical additions, one of the methods that has become more important is the addition of fibers, be they metallic or synthetic; which due to their characteristics have allowed to improve the bearing capacity of concrete. o check which physical addition is better; In the laboratories of the Nueva Granada Military University, six concrete mixtures were designed, which are distributed as follows: a mixture without any addition (simple concrete); another mixture with an addition of steel fibers (metallic) at 25 kg/m3, another mixture with steel fibers at 75 kg/m3, another mixture with polypropylene fibers (synthetic) at 1.0%; another one with 1.5% polypropylene fibers; and a last mixture at 2.5%, it should be clarified that all the mixtures were designed for a single compressive strength of 21 MPa or a modulus of rupture of 3.7 MPa. Once the designs have been made under the ACI 211 methodology and following the recommendations of the ACI 544 guide, manufacturing a total of 30 specimens (5 specimens for each mixture) and 30 cylindrical specimens. Once a 56-day curing time had been completed (because the research is being undertaken to analyze the final behavior of the concrete, not its evolution), mechanical tests of compressive strength and flexural strength were performed; For which the ASTM C39 standards were used for compression tests and ASTM C1609 for which in the flexural strength tests the beams were instrumented with deflection readers in order to control the speed of the displacement test and obtain results stress to bending and deflection of the element. After carrying out the laboratory tests, it was obtained that the concrete resisted on average 27 MPa compression and flexion or modulus of rupture of 3.51 MPa for the mixtures without additions, 27 MPa and 3.51 MPa for the mixture 25 kg/m3 of steel fibers but with a residual resistance (resistance of the element after the first crack in the concrete) of 0.5 MPa (for simple concrete it was 0 MPa), 27 MPa and 3.1 MPa with a resistance residual 4.3 MPa for the 75 kg/m3 steel fiber blend (the best of all), 26 MPa and 3.9 MPa with 0 MPa residual strength for the 1% polypropylene fiber blend, and finally 26 MPa and 3.2 MPa with 2.5 MPa of residual resistance for the mixture of 1.5% of polypropylene fibers and finally, 26.5 MPa and 2 MPa with 0.5 MPa of residual resistance for the 2.5% polypropylene fiber blend. From these tests it is concluded that the concrete in terms of its initial performance, the additions of steel or synthetic fibers do not have significant improvements. However, it should be noted that the main function of these fibers is to improve residual strength, a property in which simple concrete has no strength. In practical terms when a material has residual strength, it means that once the element cracks; This presents resistance that prevents an immediate collapse; For this reason, this property is very important to take into account in any material; In this case, the best mixture that obtained the highest residual resistance result was that of 75 kg/m3 of steel fibers. they were complicated to do. On the other hand, the polypropylene fiber blends with the best performance was 1.5%; which in turn adds that they are very light mixtures, easy to mix and the finishes of the elements are better, however when comparing the mechanical behavior of these mixtures with those of steel, their results are lower, because the fibers of steel are more resistant; For all the above, the additions of fibers in any proportion, improve the residual resistance of concrete, making it safer and an excellent complement as secondary reinforcement of concrete and the more fibers used, the better; although it must be taken into account that a high quantity (above 80 kg/m3 of steel fibers or more than 2.5% of polypropylene fibers) will affect the resistance to compression and bending of the element, as well as its finishes

Topic: Materials Science and Engineering

N-DOPED ACTIVATED CARBONS OBTAINED FROM BIOMASS WASTES THROUGH HYDROTHERMAL PROCESS IN PRESENCE OF PANI

QUESADA PLATA FABIAN ¹,
¹ Unidades Tecnol�gicas de Santander,

Email: ¹ fquesada@correo.uts.edu.co,

Abstract: Supercapacitors are of great interest as electrochemical energy storage devices since they combine high power density with a long cycle life and wide operational temperature range. Porous carbon materials, and among them especially activated carbons (ACs), are the best suited for filling the cost, performance and environmental impact requirements, thanks to their high porosity, a wide variety of pore size distributions (PSDs), excellent chemical stability, high electrical conductivity and, above all, a competitive cost. One factor that has gained great importance in the study of ACs for these electrochemical applications is the contribution of surface chemistry. The addition of functional groups with heteroatoms, such as nitrogen, may have different beneficial effects such as: improving the wettability of the material, contributing to the ability through pseudocapacitance phenomena, improving the conductivity or electrochemical stability of the carbon material, among others. This work has studied the production of ACs doped with nitrogen groups, using lignocellulosic residues (almond and hemp residues) by hydrothermal treatment in the presence of H3PO4 [3], which acts as an activating agent, and polyaniline (PANI) which serves as a source of nitrogen. The effect of the carbonization temperature on the surface chemistry of the sample and consequently in the electrochemical behavior in aqueous electrolyte have been also analyzed in detail in this study. Following this procedure, ACs with high porosity development and nitrogen content of more than 3% have been obtained, although the porosity development is lower than activated carbons prepared without the addition of PANI. However, the electrochemical behavior of the activated carbons obtained in the presence of PANI is enhanced by the presence of the nitrogen groups generated in the material. Finally, these results show that the use of hydrothermal treatments allows the insertion of heteroatoms on the surface of carbonaceous materials obtained from biomass residues, which could be used in the synthesis of high-value carbon materials for applications in energy harvesting and storage devices.

Topic: Materials Science and Engineering

USE OF STEEL-FIBERS L/D 65 3D IN CONCRETE AS METHOD FOR IMPROVE FLEXURAL STRENGTH AND TOUGHNESS

OSPINA MIGUEL ¹, GAVIRIA CARLOS ², ORTIZ ANA ³,
¹ Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, ² Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, ³ Universidad Militar Nueva Granada,

Email: ¹ miguel.ospina@unimilitar.edu.co, ² carlos.gaviria@unimilitar.edu.co, ³ d7303224@unimilitar.edu.co,

Abstract: The addition of fibers to concrete has generated great interest in the field of materials science. The material, geometry and amount of fiber used in concrete influence its performance in the hardened state. Considering the above, it is necessary to experimentally evaluate the effect of fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete. Therefore, this study investigates the flexural behavior and the capacity to absorb energy with deformation of three different concrete mixtures corresponding to those without fiber addition (i.e. plain concrete) and those with fiber addition of 25 Kg/m3 and 70 Kg/m3 of fibers. These concretes were evaluated in bending on 15 beam specimens of 150x150x600 mm (base x height x length) by recording the load value and the deflection at the center of the span during the experimental tests. The analysis is carried out based on the international standards for the determination of flexural toughness in concrete with fiber addition. The results show that the dosage of 70 kg/m3 of fibers reduces the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity by 23% and 54%, respectively. However, the flexural strength for the 25 kg/m3 and 70 kg/m3 dosages increased by 37.40% and 83.21% (compared with plain concrete), respectively. Additionally, the capacity to retain the flexural strength for a dosage of 25 kg/m3 does not increase appreciably compared to plain concrete, while a dosage of 70 kg/m3 increases the energy absorption capacity by 18.6 times, which is reflected in a high value of flexural toughness (48 J) and a behavior very close to a perfect elastoplastic material in the plastic zone (i.e. residual strength of 80.98 out of 100).

Topic: Materials Science and Engineering

ASSESSING SOLAR RESOURCES IN COLOMBIA � STAGE 2

GALLARDO P�REZ HENRY DE JESUS ¹, SERPA JIM�NEZ ALEJANDRA MAR�A ², MOGOLL�N BECERRA GABRIEL ALBERTO ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ henrygallardo@ufps.edu.co, ² alejandramariaserpa@ufps.edu.co, ³ gabrielalbertomogollon@hotmail.com,

Abstract: Following the previous stage of this research, in which a rough technical concept was developed to proposed prominent sites for a renewable energy project in Norte de Santander department, Colombia. This second stage includes a technical feasibility study for the most prominent site to develop a photovoltaic solar energy project. This research uses a 1 MW photovoltaic solar plant the developed by the authors. In order to accomplish this goal, a high-level energy resource assessment in this department has been carried out considering the Global Horizontal Irradiance levels. For this, measured data from a meteorological station in the proximity of the selected site was used and compared to the synthetic dataset procured from Meteonorm. Then, a topography and practical study was performed to select the exact proposed location of this project. At this stage, the Google Earth application was used. The simulation results from PVSyst were used to assess the financial feasibility of the project by estimating the levelized cost of energy of the project using real and assumed costs. Finally, a comparison against current electricity costs in the region was conducted to validate the viability and positive outcomes of the proposed development.

Topic: Applied Sciences

DEVELOPMENT OF LATERAL THINKING IN BUSINESS STUDENTS

GALLARDO P�REZ HENRY DE JESUS ¹, VERGEL ORTEGA MAWENCY ², CORDERO D�AZ MARLING CAROLINA ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ UFPS,

Email: ¹ henrygallardo@ufps.edu.co, ² mawencyvergel@ufps.edu.co, ³ marlingcarolinacd@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Lateral thinking, unlike vertical thinking, is not only focused on problem solving; it also takes into account new ways of looking at things and new ideas of all kinds, therefore, it is closely related to creative thinking and is open to anyone interested in new ideas. The research, which is framed in a multimethod approach, with ethnographic research method from the qualitative approach and factorial analysis with quasi-experimental field design from the quantitative approach, aims to identify the development of lateral thinking in first semester students in university academic programs of business sciences. It is found that from problem-based learning through the analysis and resolution of problems of the socioeconomic environment in which the student is immersed, involving collaborative and task-based learning in the assignment and fulfillment of the functions assigned both individually and in groups, the student develops the ability to propose new original ideas while strengthening his creativity for the development of proposals for solutions to the situations identified

Topic: Applied Sciences

EFFECT OF SACHA INCHI (PLUKENETIA VOLUBILIS) RESIDUAL TORTA FLOUR ON THE VIABILITY OF SACCHAROMYCES BOULARDII AND LACTOBACILLUS RHAMNOSUS.

ARAMBULA CLAUDIA IVONNE ¹, DIAZ CLAUDIA EIZABETH ²,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD DE SANTANDER, ² UNIVERSIDAD DE SANTANDER,

Email: ¹ cl.arambula@mail.udes.edu.co, ² cl.diaz@mail.udes.edu.co,

Abstract: An experimental study was carried out to determine the effect on the viability of two probiotics when incorporated into sacha inchi residual torta flour as a food matrix. For this purpose, the oil was extracted from the sacha seeds by cold pressing and the residual torta was obtained. Then the residual torta flour was prepared and the moisture, protein, ash, fat, fiber, carbohydrates and caloric value of both the residual sacha inchi torta and the flour obtained from it were determined. Four experimental formulas were established in the following percentages: F1(100% flour), F2(93%HAR and 7%S. boulardii), F3(93%HAR and 7% L.rhamnosus) and F4(92.2% HAR + 3.6%S.boulardii + 3.6%L.rhamnosus). Finally, the viability of the probiotic microorganisms, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Saccharomyces boulardii incorporated into the flour was determined and the formula that showed the best results was characterized physicochemically and microbiologically. The results show that there are minimal differences between the means of the concentration in CFU/g obtained in the treatment with S. boulardii (F2) (Sig.=0.37), the mean of the Control treatment (F1), as well as minimal significant differences between the mean of the treatment with L. rhamnosus and S. boulardii (F4) and the Control treatment (F1) (Sig.=0.001), however, the F2 and F4 treatments do not differ significantly from the mean concentration in CFU/g obtained in each of them (Sig.=0.165). Finally, it is concluded that the cell concentration of the test microorganism is affected by the food matrix in which it is found, considering the treatments with S. boulardii (F2) and L. rhamnosus + S.boulardii (F4) as the treatments where the cell concentration of S.boulardii remained stable during the 19 days of the test compared to the treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus (F3).

Topic: Applied Sciences

ENHANCEMENT OF PROTEIN ACCUMULATION IN A NATIVE HIGH MOUNTAIN MICROALGAE OF THE GENUS SCENEDESMUS SP, USING A RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY (RSM)

SUAREZ QUINTANA WILLIAM HERNANDO ¹, GARCIA RICO RAMON OVIDIO ², BARAJAS SOLANO ANDRES FERNANDO ³,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD DE PAMPLONA, ² UNIVERSIDAD DE PAMPLONA, ³ Universidad Francisco De Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ aquifex3@Hotmail.com, ² rovigar@hotmail.com, ³ andresfernandobs@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: It is currently estimated that approximately 1 in 9 people in the world is undernourished. In the 21st century, we face a great challenge, such as the need to feed a constantly growing human population and with increasingly limited natural resources. The use of water and areas of arable land, raise the need to seek alternative sources of protein. Currently, some genera of microalgae are considered nutritionally complete foods, their yields exceed most plant crops, positioning microalgae as a new food and feed platform, allowing to increase the supply of these essential products to address global demands. in a more efficient and environmentally sustainable way. The objective of this work was to improve protein production in a high mountain microalgae of the genus Scenedesmus spp, isolated in the P�ramo de Santurb�n (Colombia), Berlin-Picacho 3354 masl (7o8��21�N 72o54�50�W), through optimization strategies of one and several parameters. The interactive effects of medium composition on protein production were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The effect of different carbon sources (Na2CO3, NaHCO₃ and C2H3NaO2) and its relationship with some components of the medium was evaluated: NaNO3, KH2PO4 and K2HPO4. The other components of the medium (MgSO4, CaCl2, NaCl and metal solution) were used at normal concentration. The strain was grown in Bold medium at 25 � C with a 12:12 light: dark cycle, 100 μmol m - 2 s -1 for 20 days, the effect of the nutrients was evaluated using a Plackett-Burman Design followed by optimization. The results of the Plackett-Burman design improve a significant increase in the production of proteins in the interaction with carbon sources (NaHCO₃ - C2H3NaO2) and (NaHCO₃, KH2PO4 - K2HPO4), the optimization results show that the interaction between: (C2H3NaO2 -NaNO3) and KH2PO4 - K2HPO4 considerably increased the concentration protein. These results show that identifying and adjusting the concentration of critical nutrients can increase the protein concentration in native microalgae of the genus Scenedesmus.

Topic: Applied Sciences

EVALUATION OF THE CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF QUATERNARY AMMONIUM IN CELLS OF APICAL MERISTEMS OF ROOTS OF LENS CULINARIS MED.

ABRIL MENDOZA NICK GUILLERMO ¹, SALAZAR MERCADO SEIR ANTONIO ²,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² UFPS,

Email: ¹ abril-1207@hotmail.com, ² seirantoniosm@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium is a broad spectrum disinfectant due to its bactericidal, fungicidal and virucidal capacity, frequently used during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lentil (Lens culinaris Med.) Is considered a bioindicator species for cytotoxic and genotoxic studies due to its high sensitivity to certain chemical compounds. The objective of the research was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of quaternary ammonium in cells of apical meristems of L. culinaris roots. The methodology consisted of exposing L. culinaris seeds in different concentrations of fifth generation quaternary ammonium (0.1, 0.5, 1, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ppm) and in a control solution of distilled water during 72 hours, for 5 replies. Upon completion of the exposure time, the root lengths were measured, the apical meristems were cut and exposed in 2N HCl for 15 minutes and then stained with acetic orcein for 10 minutes, where they were later viewed under a microscope (OPTIKA C-B 10). For the statistical study, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the multiple range test were used using Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test (P≤0.05) with the statistical software Statgraphics Centurion � version XVII. The results showed that the maximum level of root length was presented in treatment 7 (30 ppm) and the minimum level in treatment 9 (50 ppm). The minimum mitotic index level and the highest mitotic inhibition corresponded to treatment 9 (50 ppm). The frequently observed cellular abnormality comprised the sticky metaphase, being treatment 9 (50 ppm) where it was mostly found. In the same way, the highest presence of micronuclei and the highest relative abnormality rate occurred in treatment 9 (50 ppm). The results allow determining that L. culinaris is a highly sensitive species to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of disinfectants such as quaternary ammonium, finding the presence of different cellular abnormalities at all applied concentrations. This compound is highly cytotoxic because the presence of micronuclei was even evidenced in the lowest concentration (0.1ppm).

Topic: Applied Sciences

ICTIOFAUNA OF THE ZULIA RIVER MICROCUENCA, CATATUMBO BASIN.

TORRES JEFFERSON ¹, GUERRERO ALVARADO CAMILO ERNESTO ²,
¹ Universidad Francisco De Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ jeffersont@ufps.edu.co, ² camiloernestoga@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Abstract: Introduction. Colombia preserves high freshwater and marine fish diversity, although there are growing efforts to expand knowledge of scientific interest, the great geographical complexity of the country makes these efforts insufficient, this is the case of the Catatumbo basin, considered one of the areas hydrographic within the Caribbean slope where the ichthyofaunal reports are still scarce. Goals. Taxonomic identification of fish species captured in the different points of the Zulia River was carried out. Methodology. From November 2019 to March 2020, exploratory fishing was carried out: Agualasal 8 � 10'48.0 "N, 72 � 32'22.2" W, mouth of the Peralonso river 7 � 55 ′ 2.89 ″ N, 72 � 35 ′ 16.37 ″ W and Ocarena creek mouth 7 � 50'10.1 "N, 72 � 38'43.7" W, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen parameters were recorded in each station, a review of existing information in literature related to ichthyofauna was also carried out. of the Catatumbo basin for species identification. Results. 21 species were registered, belonging to 4 orders, 10 families and 20 genera. The orders with the highest number of families were Characiforme with 50% and Siluriform with 30%, According to the number of genera, Siluriform with 50% and Characiform with 35% and according to the number of species they were Siluriform with 52.4% and Characiform with 33 ,3%. Discussion. Seven species of the Catatumbo basin are important in the fishery for consumption in the region, four of these species are found in the Zulia river, these are: Prochilodus reticulatus, Potamorhina laticeps, Pimelodus clarias coprophagus and Mylossoma aconthogaster. Conclusions. Twenty-one species were taxonomically identified, the Characiforme order presented a greater number of families, followed by the Siluriform order, but it is highlighted that the latter presents a predominance in the number of species, this result will provide basic information for the management, protection and conservation of the resource. in order to ensure sustainable projects in the region. Keywords: Basin, biodiversity, physical-chemical parameters, taxonomy, environmental variations.

Topic: Applied Sciences

LISTENING TO THE LIGHT TO INVESTIGATE MATTER

MARIN MOARES ERNESTO ¹,
¹ Instituto Polit�cnico Nacional, CICATA Legaria,

Email: ¹ emarin63@yahoo.es,

Abstract: More than 100 years ago Alexander Graham Bell discovered that a sound signal can be produced by periodically illuminating a sample placed in a closed container. The photoacoustic effect, as this phenomenon has been called, and the physics of thermal waves related to it, were rediscovered in the twentieth century, and have led to the development of techniques that have many applications. More than 100 years ago Alexander Graham Bell discovered that a sound signal can be produced by periodically illuminating a sample placed in a closed container. The photoacoustic effect, as this phenomenon has been called, and the physics of thermal waves related to it, were rediscovered in the twentieth century, and have led to the development of techniques that have many applications. In this talk, I will briefly tell the story related to this topic, explain what the photoacoustic effect consists of through some simple experiments that can be performed at home, describe some photothermal techniques inspired by it, and illustrate some of its applications.

Topic: Applied Sciences

MICROSTRUCTURE, HIGH TEMPERATURE WEAR RESISTANCE AND THERMAL SHOCK RESISTANCE OF FLAME SPRAYED NANOSTRUCTURED ZIRCONIA-ALUMINA COATINGS

FERRER PACHECO MARTHA YASMID ¹, VARGAS GALVIS FABIO ², VERA DUARTE LUIS EMILIO ³,
¹ UFPS, ² Universidad de Antioqui, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ marthayasmidfp@ufps.edu.co, ² fabio.vargas@udea.edu.co, ³ luisemiliovd@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The microstructure, high temperature wear resistance and thermal shock resistance of flame sprayed nanostructured zirconia-alumina coatings have been analyzed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to investigate their phase composition, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine their microstructure. Wear resistance was examined with a high temperature tribometer and resistance to thermal shock was evaluated by heating cycles for 5 minutes and cooling. The tests were carried out at room temperature and at 500 � C. The coatings showed a microstructure composed of well-melted splats with nonoestructures structure, partially melted areas, which resembled the morphology of the powder feedstock, and equiaxed grains.

Topic: Applied Sciences

MODELING AND SIMULATION OF HEAT TRANSFER IN HOLLOW CONCRETE CYLINDRICAL BLOCK WALL

GALLARDO P�REZ HENRY DE JESUS ¹, VERGEL ORTEGA MAWENCY ², MARI�O D�AZ JAVIER ALBERTO ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ henrygallardo@ufps.edu.co, ² mawencyvergel@ufps.edu.co, ³ javieralbertomd@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The heat transfer study of a tetrahedral concrete block wall with cavities is presented, in order to know its thermal resistance. A one-dimensional theoretical model in steady state is proposed, considering conduction, radiation and convection. The iterative Gauss-Seidel method is used. The simulation is carried out on an hourly basis for two days under extreme ambient temperature conditions. An average thermal resistance value of �Cm2/W is obtained, with variations from 1.8% to 12%. The contributions to the total heat flow by each mechanism are 20%, 9% and 48%, for conduction, convection and radiation respectively

Topic: Applied Sciences

OPTIMIZATION OF THE TETRAZOLIUM TEST IN SEEDS OF COFFEA ARABIGA, CASTILLA VARIETY, THROUGH THE USE OF PRETREATMENTS

BUENDIA CONTRERAS JOSE DUVAN ¹, MORENO ROZO LAURA YOLIMA ², SALAZAR MERCADO SEIR ANTONIO ³,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula , ³ UFPS,

Email: ¹ joseduvanbc@ufps.edu.co, ² Laurayolimamr@ufps.edu.co, ³ seirantoniosm@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world, which has produced a high demand in the production of this fruit from coffee plants (Coffea ar�biga). Colombia has stood out globally for the quality of it's coffee more than for the quantity of coffee production. The main varieties of Arabica coffee grown in Colombia are: Tipica, Borb�n, Maragogipe, Tabi, Caturra and the Castilla Variety. This research evaluated different methods to enhance the tetrazolium test in seeds of Coffea arabica, Castilla variety. The ripe fruits were collected in the Alto del Angulo village in the Salazar de las palmas municipality of the Norte de Santander department (Colombia). The test was carried out with 1800 embryos that were manually extracted from the cotyledons using forceps. 450 embryos were analyzed without any pretreatment (control). Three groups of cotyledons were immersed in water, sodium hypochlorite (2.5%) and sucrose (10%) for 6 hours respectively. The embryos were extracted, they were placed in a cysteine solution (0.5%) to avoid oxidation, these were washed with distilled water and immersed in solutions of 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride with concentrations of 0.035%, 0.075 % and 0.1% at different exposure times: 6, 9 and 12 hours in the dark. 5 mL syringes in small Petri dishes were used for the applications. The results of the viability test were validated with seed germination, using the wet paper towel method in the dark. The results show that the pretreatments with water and sucrose are not so effective. The best percentages of viability (100%) were found with the application of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO 2.5%), with a high correlation with the germination percentage (93%) at a concentration of 0.1% tetrazolium regardless of the Exposure time, reagent concentrations at 0.075% and 0.035% also showed a high percentage of viability with this pretreatment.

Topic: Applied Sciences

PROPOSAL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF REUSABLE BAGS FROM THE RESIDUE OF THE AFRICAN OIL PALM LEAF (ELAEIS GUINEENSIS) FROM THE ZULIA REGION (NORTH OF SANTANDER)

AVENDA�O AVENDA�O ANNY JASBLEIDY ¹, RODR�GUEZ ORDO�EZ DORA CECILIA ², PARRA LLANOS JOHN WILMER ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ annyjasbleidyaa@ufps.edu.co, ² doraceciliaro@ufps.edu.co, ³ johnwilmerpl@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The excessive consumption of plastic bags has become a serious problem for the environment, since its decomposition process lasts approximately 150 years and its useful life in service is around one hour. On the other hand, the Palm industry generates large quantities of African oil palm leaves during the pruning of the crop, which are mostly not used, but are accumulated around the palm waiting for their natural decomposition, this being a slow process, thus causing the presence of insects and bad smells and in rainy seasons they are dragged causing inconveniences in the displacement of employees. To carry out this research, an applicative, experimental and descriptive methodology will be used, since the mechanical properties of the fiber from the leaflet of the African oil palm leaf must be extracted, woven and evaluated for the elaboration of a reusable bag., whose raw material is easy to acquire because it is a waste of little use. The main objective of this proposal is to use an agro-industrial waste to obtain a 100% ecological and environmentally friendly product, which positively impacts the economic, environmental and social sphere of the palm-growing sector of Zulia.

Topic: Applied Sciences

QUANTITATIVE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC FOR DETERMINATION OF ALKALOID TASPINE FROM THE LATEX CROTON SPP OF TWO LOCATIONS FROM NORTH OF SANTANDER

SERRANO SERRANO EDITH CAROLINA ¹, ORTIZ ROJAS LUZ YINETH ², CHAVES BEDOYA GIOVANNI ³,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER , ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER , ³ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER,

Email: ¹ karito_0892@live.com, ² luzyinethor@ufps.edu.co, ³ gchavesb@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Croton (Euphorbiaceae) is a plant widely present in Norte de Santander, which has the particular characteristic of having in its bark a red viscous latex known as "drago�s blood" or "sangregado", from which the tree takes its name. This sap is recognized for its ethnomedicinal use and for the presence of a large number of secondary metabolites, including biologically important alkaloids such as taspine. In this study, the quantitative determination by thin layer chromatography (TLC) of taspine present in latex samples collected in two localities of Norte de Santander (Chin�cota and Pamplona) was carried out. The analysis was performed on chromatographic plates with silica gel G-60 as the stationary phase and chloroform: methanol (20:1) as the solvent system. The separated products were revealed with a brown color in an iodine chamber with an Rf 0.18, confirmed with the taspine standard. The separation of the samples generated from the taspine calibration curve and the problem samples were analyzed with UVP's VisionWorks �LS analysis software, according to the methodology proposed by Askal et al (2008). The limit of detection (LOD) of 0.26�g/mL was obtained from the pixel intensity of the spots by determining the standard deviations calculated for three calibration curves at zero concentration. A taspine calibration curve was performed with 10 concentrations (10 �g/mL to 100 �g/mL) and the correlation of pixel intensity with respect to concentration was analyzed with UVP's VisionWorks �LS analysis software. The results revealed a linear calibration fit in the range of 10 to 100 �g/mL (r = 0.977). The results indicate that the samples with the highest taspine concentrations were Chin�cota Pantanos (37.8 �g/mL) and Chin�cota Cineral (35.4 �g/mL), followed by Chin�cota Manzanares (22.3 �g/mL) and Pamplona (0.7�g/mL). The presence of croton, a non-timber plant resource in the department of Norte de Santander, represents an opportunity to take advantage of its active principles determined by phytochemical studies. Although, it is necessary to continue with studies of environment-stage interaction to understand the ecological-physiological adaptations to reach the use and management of this plant species.

Topic: Applied Sciences

TRANSESTERIFICATION OF SACHA INCHI AND CASTOR OIL, AS A BASE IN BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

BUSTOS MORALES NATHALY LUISANA ¹, ROA ARDILA DIEGO ANDRES ², MEZA JORGE ³, ROA MANUEL FERNANDO ⁴,
¹ Universidad de Santander, ² UNAM, ³ UDES, ⁴ Universidad de Santander,

Email: ¹ nathab3108@gmail.com, ² droa77@gmail.com, ³ dir.geologia@udes.edu.co, ⁴ man.roa@mail.udes.edu.co,

Abstract: The transesterification reaction has become very important due to the formulation of biofuels, especially biodiesel, consists of the conversion of the triglycerides of an oil of vegetable origin to esters, in the presence of an alcohol and catalyzed by a strong base. , usually sodium or potassium hydroxide, the result is the corresponding ester of the alcohol used, in addition to glycerin, in this research the transterification reaction of Sacha Inchi oil and Castor oil is explored, as possible ways to obtain biofuels.

Topic: Applied Sciences

USE OF ORGANIC WASTES FOR BIOALCOHOL AND BIOFERTILIZER PRODUCTION

BUSTOS MORALES NATHALY LUISANA ¹, ROA MANUEL FERNANDO ²,
¹ Universidad de Santander, ² Universidad de Santander,

Email: ¹ nathab3108@gmail.com, ² man.roa@mail.udes.edu.co,

Abstract: Municipal solid waste contains organic matter that undergoes a natural degradation process, forming a dark-colored polluting liquid with a very pungent odor, which is called leachate. This has increased concern, due to the negative consequences that these polluting effluents generate when they meet water and soil. This project describes a technical-environmental panorama to produce bioethanol and fertilizer from the organic fraction of fermentable urban and domestic solid waste with high sugar content. The general objective is to avoid leaching at fruit sales points and in homes, making 100% use of the raw material. For this purpose, the residues were pre-treated to eliminate all kinds of contaminants (growth of microorganisms) and extract their juices. To accelerate the fermentation process, yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was added, this process was carried out in a preliminary phase at laboratory scale, which was designed to obtain bioethanol by means of an experimental anaerobic fermentation unit. After fermentation was completed, the separation process was carried out by filtration; for the distillation process, a simple homemade assembly was carried out to separate substances with a lower boiling point than that of water, carrying out the distillation process twice, for the determination of alcohol, a qualitative analysis was carried out and a respective characterization of the distillate was performed. Finally, the remaining solid residues from the fermentation process were used to obtain a natural solid bio-compost, which was later duly characterized.

Topic: Applied Sciences

SPECTRAL FLOW CYTOMETRY

BONILLA DIANA ¹,
¹ CYTEK Biosciences,

Email: ¹ dbonilla@cytekbio.com,

Abstract: Flow cytometry enables the characterization of structural and functional properties of the cells. The conventional implementations of this technology has been utilized in multiple fields, including immunology, medicine, biology, microbiology and for clinical, research and industry applications. Recent advances in instrumentation and reagents have facilitated the development of more sensitive technologies in the cytometry field, including spectral cytometry, imaging cytometry and mass cytometry. The goal for this talk is to educate the audience on the development and use of full spectrum flow cytometry to understand immune responses with higher resolution and a more comprehensive characterization of multiple immune cells.

Topic: Basic biomedical sciences

A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF ARCHITECTURAL TECHNICAL DEBT MANAGEMENT

PEREZ BORIS R. ¹, CORREAL DAR�O ²,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad de los Andes,

Email: ¹ borisperezg@ufps.edu.co, ² dcorreal@uniandes.edu.co,

Abstract: Context: Architectural technical debt is injected when architectural decisions are made to accomplish short-term goals but possibly affecting maintainability of the software system. Some cases include violations of best practices, consistency, and integrity constraints of the software architectures, such as the presence of structural violations and the introduction of architecture smells. ATD needs to be kept under control to keep the system healthy in the long term. If ATD remains unseen or uncontrolled could cause it to accumulate and hence difficult to repay, thus making challenging the conduction of maintenance tasks, introducing new features, as well as meeting system QAs, etc. Despite the impact of architectural decisions on the system developed or to be developed, identification of the debt is still difficult to carry out because there are a lack of initiatives to handle it and lack of effective tools to support this task. Objective: Numerous studies are published on Architectural Technical Debt identification and management. It is important to summarise and consolidate the existing knowledge in the area to provide directions to researchers and practitioners. This research work provides a systematic literature review in this topic, aiming to guide researchers and practitioners in the field of software testing. Method: We followed the standard protocol for conducting a systematic literature review. First, research goals were defined using the Goal Question Metric (GQM). Then we formulate research questions corresponding to each goal. Finally, metrics are extracted from the included papers. Based on the defined selection criteria a final set of 13 primary studies are included for analysis. Results: The selection process resulted in 2 journal papers, 2 book chapters and 9 conference papers. We found that identification and measurement are the most studied activities for ATD management, and most of the studies rely on source code revision. Most studies evaluated their approaches on open-source case studies. Conclusion: There is significant room for future research on architectural debt. Despite the positive trend of evaluating approaches on large scale open source studies, there is a clear lack of results from studies done in a real industrial context. There is also a lack on tools for debt management without considering source code.

Topic: Computer Science

DATA MINING MODEL FOR THE ANALYSIS, DESCRIPTION AND INTERPRETATION OF THE COMMUNITY ACTIVE SEARCH FOR COVID-19 IN THE DEPARTMENT OF CESAR

MARTINEZ ACOSTA DEIVIS DE JESUS ¹, TORRES PEDROZO YULIBETH ², SUAREZ BRIEVA EYDY DEL CARMEN ³,
¹ Universidad Popular del Cesar, ² Universidad Popular del Cesar, ³ UNIVERSIDAD POPULAR DEL CESAR,

Email: ¹ deivismartinez@unicesar.edu.co, ² yulibethtorres@unicesar.edu.co, ³ eydysuarez@unicesar.edu.co,

Abstract: Public health is a state and citizen responsibility for the protection of health as an essential, individual, collective and community right achieved based on the conditions of well-being and quality of life; For this reason, in the current circumstances, it is necessary to work for the benefit of this active community search that constitutes an essential element for the timely capture of events of interest in public health, for that reason several alternatives have been created for this purpose, among which the following stand out: timely follow-up to the identification of signs and symptoms of Covid 19, given that the department of Cesar is one of the municipalities with a high contagion rate and a significant percentage of occupied ICU beds, in order to follow-up it has been developed a mobile web application in order to publicize the health status of the population related to the identification of signs and symptoms of COVID-19, characterize risk conditions such as: occupation, travel, habits, comorbidities, crowded areas, compliance with the quarantine established by government entities, among others; This measure established at the beginning of the pandemic by SARS-CoV2 has made it possible to have the necessary data to support decision-making in public health. Through data mining techniques it is intended to generate knowledge about the presence of risk factors, taking into account sociodemographic variables, municipality of residence, pathological conditions, among other risk behaviors that may make the population more vulnerable or condition the prognosis of the COVID-19 cases. Finally, with the application of the CRISP-DM model, it is possible to obtain descriptive knowledge to identify the geographic location (municipality) that is at risk and / or needs immediate intervention, as well as the projection of possible places where the situation could worsen. to take timely actions according to the identified factors. The data analyzed provide timely and relevant information that allows proposing pertinent strategies in favor of the health of the population.

Topic: Computer Science

METHODS FOR CONTINUOUS INTEGRATION AND DEPLOYMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSERVICE-BASED APPLICATIONS

VERA RIVERA FREDY HUMBERTO ¹, PEREZ BORIS R. ², PUERTO CUADROS EDUARD GILBERTO ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ fredyhumbertovera@ufps.edu.co, ² borisperezg@ufps.edu.co, ³ eduardpuerto@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The development of microservice-based applications implies a continuous delivery and deployment to keep the services up-to-date and ready for operation. The application of the new DevOps culture in an agile development team, especially in the development, deployment and maintenance of microservices is essential, because it allows improving the integration, delivery and deployment times of microservices, collaboration between development teams and operations to automate processes, it achieves that the time that passes between developing a new functionality or service, as well as solving an incident and having the changes ready in production is substantially reduced. In this work, the practices on which DevOps is based are explained and discussed, such as continuous integration, continuous delivery, continuous deployment, as well as the use of tools that facilitate these practices. A continuous deployment process used in the development of a set of microservices is proposed as a case study.

Topic: Computer Science

QOS-BASED WEB SERVICE RANKING USING PATTERN RECOGNITION

ADARME JAIMES MARCO ANTONIO ¹, JIMENO PABA MIGUEL ANGEL ²,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad del Norte,

Email: ¹ madarme@ufps.edu.co, ² majimeno@uninorte.edu.co,

Abstract: Due to the exponential growth of web services and their providers, software developers are frequently faced with selecting the most appropriate web service for a particular functional requirement. Each Web service is evaluated through its QoS parameters, and, in general, services may have similar values and functionality, a task that requires the software developer to select services most efficiently. We propose a pattern recognition algorithm called Ar_WSDS, which uses the notion of patterns and signals based on the systematic functioning of the brain, which offers a way of decomposing the combinatorial problem into recognition modules capable of analyzing each QoS parameter using a quality value desired by the user and selecting it by giving a ranking value that allows classifying the service according to its QoS parameters. Ar_WSDS ranks the web service from the QoS parameters analysis that the user wants to use. This process can be given two ranking processes, the first using key signals, that is, the user values for each QoS parameter of service must be met in a binding interval, the second-ranking process is called by partial signals, whose operation is to choose from a group of web services the most suitable for the value requested by the user. Web services are classified by the system and assigned a number called ranking, which allows to have a hierarchy of services based on the different QoS parameters. Dynamic creation of recognition modules from the signals that need to be recognized and analyzed provides a system capable of ranking web services for any QoS parameters. The system is tested through a QoS-Test dataset, and web services are classified and ranked using different QoS values desired. System testing is performed using a dataset from the QWS project, which offers nine quality metrics that were collected from different vendors, as well as defining the specification to the WSDL document that describes how a client can access the service through its interface. Web services are classified and ranked using different desired quality values.

Topic: Computer Science

ANALYSIS OF THE HASHTAGS PUBLISHED ON THE TWITTER ACCOUNTS OF THREE COLOMBIAN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES DURING THE HEALTH EMERGENCY GENERATED BY COVID-19

LOZANO C�RDENAS F�LIX JOAQU�N ¹, MALDONADO EST�VEZ ERIKA ALEJANDRA ²,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ felixlozano@ufps.edu.co, ² erikamaldonado@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: In the field of social networks such as Twitter, tags or hashtags are currently simple and agile ways of connecting people, topics, information, events and emotions. Their structure and functionality have evolved by virtue of their communicative value and their ability to move between the descriptive and the connotative. The health emergency generated by Covid-19 affected different institutions and organizations in Colombia, including universities, which underwent significant changes in their daily activities to face the pandemic and had to design communication strategies mediated by ICTs to keep the university community informed about the measures adopted to deal with the situation and give continuity to their teaching, research and extension work. The purpose of the research presented here was to analyze the hashtags contained in the messages published in the official Twitter accounts of three Colombian public universities, in an observation window between March 25 and June 26, 2020, corresponding to the initial stage of the health emergency in the country, in order to investigate their level of interaction during the observed period and whether the content was related to issues related to Covid-19 or to the mission functions of the institutions. For this purpose, a methodological design with a quantitative approach was established, based on the content analysis of 1871 tweets published by the universities during the aforementioned period. Among the results obtained, it was shown that the universities stood out for their use of hashtags as pertinent communication tools to generate connection with the different university bodies, in addition to prioritizing topics related to university functions more than to Covid-19 itself. Keywords: Hashtags, Twitter, Covid-19, interaction, communicative tool.

Topic: Education Sciences

AN ANALYSIS OF LITERACY MEDIATED BY THE ESCUELA NUEVA MODEL

GELVEZ CABALLERO ROBER GIOVANNI ¹, RINCON VILLAMIZAR NYDIA MARIA ²,
¹ Francisco de Paula Santander University, ² UFPS,

Email: ¹ robergiovannigc@ufps.edu.co, ² aprendizaje2020@gmail.com,

Abstract: This research identifies how literacy works from the Escuela Nueva model in the pedagogical practices of Primary School teachers in a Rural Educational Center in the municipality of Tib�, Norte de Santander, Colombia, where the dynamics of the armed conflict, Venezuelan migration and illegality affect the educational, economic, social and cultural context of the region. It should be noted that the area borders the Venezuelan rural border line. The theoretical bases come from authors such as Brian Street (New Literacy Studies) and Daniel Cassany (Contemporary Legal Practices); in addition to the Curricular Guidelines of the Spanish Language and the Basic Learning Rights established by the Ministry of Education of Colombia. The methodology is oriented from the qualitative approach, with a type of study from the Pedagogical Action Research-I.A.PE, to support the interdisciplinary dialogue that arises in rural schools. The information collection applied techniques such as the semi-structured interview, workshops and direct observation. The Escuela Nueva Pedagogical Model comes from active European schools, but in Colombian rural realities are re-signified as flexible models, which are designed to guarantee quality education in the most remote areas of the Colombian geography. Finally, it is concluded that the teachers who have historically received training at Escuela Nueva are able to better mainstream their practices with areas such as technology, science and the arts.

Topic: Education Sciences

APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS IN THE STUDY OF PHYSICS IN SECONDARY BASIC EDUCATION. THE SLOPE OF THE STRAIGHT LINE

PRADA N��EZ RA�L ¹, GAMBOA AUDIN ², AVENDA�O CASTRO WILLIAM RODRIGO ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander ,

Email: ¹ raulprada@ufps.edu.co, ² audingamboa@ufps.edu.co, ³ williamavendano@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The interdisciplinary nature of knowledge is one of the ideas promoted in our country on the basis of current regulations. It is hoped that students in educational institutions will be able to recognise that possessing excellent communication skills (reading and writing) can contribute to improving their performance in solving mathematical problems, for example. It is within this framework that this research arises, which focuses on demonstrating the extrapolation of mathematical concepts in the understanding of basic concepts in Physics, such as the concept of the slope of the straight line that in a position-time graph of uniform rectilinear motion represents the speed with which the body or particle moves in each time interval. In order to achieve this objective, we worked with a group of tenth grade students from a private educational institution. A questionnaire was designed and validated by the researchers and the teacher in charge of the subject at the educational institution under study. The students had 90 minutes to complete the questionnaire in which they had to select the correct answer, but justifying their choice. The results show that 50% of the students interpret the graphs adequately when describing the characteristics in each time interval, but they do not have the generalisation capacity to associate the concept of speed with that of the slope of the straight line.

Topic: Education Sciences

BORDER REALITY AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF MIGRATION OF THE VENEZUELAN POPULATION IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF SAN JOS� DE C�CUTA. (2016-2019)

MONSALVE G�MEZ MARTHA ISABEL ¹, RODR�GUEZ TARAZONA LAURA YAZM�N ²,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCSICO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER,

Email: ¹ Marthaisabelmg@ufps.edu.co, ² laurayrodriguez2912@gmail.com,

Abstract: This completed research is entitled: THE BORDER REALITY AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE MIGRATION OF THE VENEZUELAN POPULATION IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF SAN JOS� DE C�CUTA. (2016-2019) Migration in recent years has generated a broad social impact in the municipality of San Jos� de C�cuta, due to the great displacement of the Venezuelan people, which has derived a sequence of social, cultural, economic and labor problems that It has given a perception of the reality that Venezuelan migrants are experiencing and that has also had consequences in this Municipality in a general area. The theoretical explanation of migration: lights and shadows - (Joaqu�n Arango 2003. Migration, gender and social justice. Perspectives on human insecurity- (EThanh-Dam TruongDes GasperJeff HandmakerSylvia I. Bergh 2014). The culture of migration: Growth The prevalence of migration within a community causes changes in traditional values and perceptions, increasing the probabilities of future migration (Piore, 2015). Relevant events that have occurred in Venezuela have made the people have to leave their country to supply the family basket, improve the living conditions generated by migratory displacement in addition to maximizing their income, minimizing risks and to reduce the limitations associated with a variety of problems of different capital conditions. The objective of this completed research is propose strategies to raise awareness and inform about the causes and consequences generated by the impact of migration of the Venezuelan people in the municipality, Determine the social, cultural and political effects that migratory displacement has had. Identify the obvious causes and consequences of the migration of the Venezuelan people in the region. To demonstrate the impact that the Venezuelan migrant population has had in the social and political sphere, as sources of information, the methods of data collection, design of interviews and preparation of surveys to the Venezuelan population will be applied.With this research, we will learn more about all the factors that have been produced by the extensive migratory flow that has occurred in the last year, and in which we must be aware. It was sought to analyze, understand and know the causes and consequences generated by the social, cultural and economic impact of the migration of the Venezuelan population in the receiving municipality, a type, quantitative-qualitative or mixed investigation was implemented, based on this process It will be possible to learn more in depth about all the factors that have occurred due to the extensive displacement of migrants that has occurred in the last two years, this in order to analyze the consequences that the migratory flow has had. Likewise, the descriptive approach was applied, which tries to make the phenomena to be investigated more complex, capturing the links of the phenomenon under analysis with all the dimensions that intervene, as well as the recognition of its historical construction process, and the description of its characteristics. Key Words: Migratory flow, Border, Venezuelan population, Social impact, social, labor, cultural and economic problems

Topic: Education Sciences

BUILDING COMMUNITY: AN APPROACH FROM SOCIAL PARTICIPATION

SANTOS LINA ¹, JAIMES MARQUEZ MARITZA CAROLINA ², CASTILLO SARMIENTO ALMA YISLEM ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santader, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ linamarcelasp@ufps.edu.co, ² maritzacarolinajm@ufps.edu.co, ³ almayislemcs@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The research project carried out in Paso de los R�os, building community: an approach from social participation is the result of a sequential, systematic process of the social practice process I and II (2020-2, 2021-1), which required the development of a theoretical-practical exercise with virtual and blended learning strategies in alternating mode caused by the health crisis and the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on Ander-Egg's approach, a diagnosis was made to identify the problems, needs and particular social dynamics in which the members of the Paso de los R�os community coexist and interact on a daily basis; from there, the research focused on addressing participation as a community development strategy. Techniques such as interviews, community history, SWOT matrix, made possible dialogues, reflections, collective knowledge, community knowledge, fundamental in the collection of particular information that was later analyzed under the position of Lillo and Rosell� (2004), for whom community social work seeks the social welfare of the population, through their active participation; analysis, awareness and resolution of problems that affect it, starting from the existence and empowerment of resources that they possess and; taking into account that the social problems that were identified are deeply rooted in the community, this project was directed under in theoretical reference of the Doctor in Social Sciences, Alisa Delgado de Tornes, (2013) who defines socio-educational intervention as: "a set of activities to be carried out, organized, with the co-participation of all the social actors involved and with the purpose of acting on an aspect of reality in order to understand and transform it. "(p.47), providing strategic elements that allow using the socio-educational action as a door to emancipation that sensitizes and organizes the Paso de los R�os community regarding the importance of elements such as union and organization, with the objective of empowering the skills or resources that characterize them so that they can be self-managers of their own development. This project was elaborated with the purpose of strengthening the social cohesion of the Paso de los R�os village, that is to say, the bonds of union among the members of the community, with the objective of promoting training and learning processes that reinforce the social fabric of the collective. This research made it possible to visualize professional action from a sociological approach in which the Social Worker analyzes the context from the macrosystem to the microsystem with a catalytic action, that is to say, he is a support in the processes of change using different modalities of Social Work in order to create favorable conditions: and educational, when through pedagogical strategies it is sought to enhance the resources and skills of the community.

Topic: Education Sciences

COMPETENCIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICE OF ELEMENTARY AND MIDDLE SCHOOL TEACHERS IN NORTE DE SANTANDER

GALLARDO P�REZ HENRY DE JESUS ¹, VILLAMIZAR JAIMES DANIEL ², MALDONADO EST�VEZ ERIKA ALEJANDRA ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ henrygallardo@ufps.edu.co, ² danielvj@ufps.edu.co, ³ erikamaldonado@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Teachers in elementary and secondary education have had to incorporate new information and communication technologies in their pedagogical practice, often without having been trained in their use. With the pandemic generated by Covid-19, teachers had to migrate the exercise of their pedagogical practice, taking it from a face-to-face methodology to a non-face-to-face one, in most cases supported virtually. The research, framed in a multi-method approach using ethnographic research method and a factorial design from the quantitative approach, aims to assess the ICT competencies of elementary and middle school teachers in the department of Norte de Santander and their incorporation in their pedagogical practice, as well as the levels achieved in the teaching and learning process with their students. The results are compared in the different areas of the department and teacher training needs are established to strengthen these competencies.

Topic: Education Sciences

COOPERATIVE LEARNING: AN INNOVATIVE ACTIVE METHODOLOGY

CRUZ GAFARO OSCAR ADRI�N ¹, GUTI�RREZ YEPES CARLOS ANDR�S ², DURAN CONTRERAS LUIS �NGEL ³, CARRILLO PARADA JOS� LUIS ⁴, LESMES SILVA ANGGY KARINA ⁵,
¹ FESC, ² FESC, ³ FESC, ⁴ FESC, ⁵ FESC,

Email: ¹ est_oa_cruz@fesc.edu.co, ² est_ca_gutierrez@fesc.edu.co, ³ est_la_duran@fesc.edu.co, ⁴ est_jl_carrillo@fesc.edu.co, ⁵ ak_lesmes@fesc.edu.co,

Abstract: Innovation is the greatest challenge that educational institutions have, being thus, that cooperative learning is one of the active methodologies, where the student is the central point of the processes and the teacher only becomes a mediator, motivator and facilitator. ; Likewise, it is based on a humanistic model in which the student is oriented to achieve autonomy and cares about their constant improvement, learns about the concept of teamwork and develops those social skills for the common and collective benefit. Being, this is how the Santa Teresita Educational Institution arises, with an interesting proposal for the adaptation of its processes in cooperative learning, where its students are in the constant search for scientific knowledge and each aspect they develop in the classroom is linked to emotions that generate meaningful experiences and contribute to their knowledge and healthy development.

Topic: Education Sciences

DEBATES AND REFLECTION: PEDAGOGICAL ACTIVITIES THAT ENCOURAGE THE COMPREHENSIVE LEARNING PROCESS OF THE ACCOUNTING CONCEPT

HINCAPI� MEJ�A JUAN PABLO ¹,
¹ Universidad del Valle,

Email: ¹ juan.pablo.hincapie@correounivalle.edu.co,

Abstract: The aim of this presentation is to analyze the pedagogical influence that debate and reflection activities have on the comprehensive learning process of the accounting concept, in the students of the accounting theory seminar subject of the public accounting program of the University of the Valley headquarters North of Cauca. The methodology followed in the research is exploratory and descriptive, its approach is mixed and relies on deductive, analytical and synthetic methods, as well as content and discourse analysis techniques.

Topic: Education Sciences

DEGREE OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK THAT COMPANIES HAVE IN NORTH OF SANTANDER- COLOMBIA

GUERRERO JAIMES RUTH ¹,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD ECCI,

Email: ¹ ruthjaimesguerrero@hotmail.com,

Abstract: Summary. The occupational health and safety management system (SG-SST) is an issue that has taken on great relevance in Colombian companies in recent years. This new system obliges employers to carry out a permanent recognition of the working conditions that affect the well-being, safety and health of workers, allowing them to carry out improvement actions with opportunity. Being such a relevant topic for companies, this research started by measuring the degree of knowledge about safety and health at work that companies in Norte de Santander Colombia have, in order to have a broad panorama that allows establishing strategies that provide information necessary for companies in Norte de Santander on occupational health and safety management systems. Taking into account the objectives set out in this study, this is a descriptive research, it is aimed at determining the degree of knowledge that Norte de Santander companies have about safety and health at work, for which an instrument is designed in order to obtain information on the population under study. The databases in the chambers of commerce of the cities of C�cuta, Oca�a and Pamplona were consulted, where all companies with an updated commercial registry of all economic sectors were taken into account, allowing the application of a questionnaire that facilitated the collection of information. The statistical analysis led to the conclusion that, in general, 94% of the legally constituted companies in Norte de Santander are not aware of the existing Colombian legislation on occupational health and safety. What can become a limitation for companies due to non-compliance with the standards required in Colombia with respect to safety at work. It is recommended to increase information campaigns on the subject, which allow entrepreneurs to access a greater knowledge of the subject. Keywords. Companies from Norte de Santander, health and safety at work.

Topic: Education Sciences

DEVELOPMENT OF COMPETENCES IN LOGISTICS THAT RESPOND TO THE CHALLENGES DEMANDED BY LOGISTICS 4.0

BOH�RQUEZ RODR�GUEZ JUAN CAMILO ¹, SARMIENTO SAAVEDRA OSCAR EDUARDO ², BERMUDEZ HERNANDEZ ERICK YESID ³,
¹ Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje, ² Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje - SENA, ³ SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE - SENA.,

Email: ¹ juancamilo.b@misena.edu.co, ² oesarmiento682@misena.edu.co, ³ eybermudez59@misena.edu.co,

Abstract: Colombia is going through a very important and favorable time for the promotion of entrepreneurship. For several years, different circumstances have made entrepreneurship a development alternative for various communities, which face situations such as unemployment, displacement, lack of opportunities or social reincorporation, product of the post-conflict. Although this issue has grown favorably in the country, there are barriers and gaps to be overcome and it is the purpose of this article to delve into how logistics and the training of human talent are key factors for the sustainability of ventures. In accordance with the above, this work presents the results of the research called "CONDITIONS FOR ADAPTATION OF TRAINING ENVIRONMENTS FOR DEVELOPING LOGISTICS SKILLS" where one of its objectives was to mediate technical, transversal and soft skills, required in logistics business environments Based on the study, a sample of 19 companies in the city of Bogot� were carried out, which employed young apprentices from the Technology in Logistics Management program in recent years belonging to the National Learning Service SENA. With this, the relevance of the logistics competencies in the work exercise was determined and identifying the new skills that are contemplated in the new training program called Technology in Coordination of Logistics Processes, which, based on the results of the investigation, gives an answer to the challenges posed by changes in the logistics dynamics of the country and, of course, of sustainable entrepreneurship. The results obtained from this research have interested the National Logistics Sector Board, due to the relevance of the results obtained, which in socialization with them, lead to rethinking the functions and positions of the National Map of Occupations in the logistics area, and therefore hence, the process maps of the curricular designs of the technological and technical programs of logistics at the national level, allowing to take into account new competences in accordance with the requirements of the current labor market.

Topic: Education Sciences

DEVELOPMENT OF COMPETENCES IN LOGISTICS THAT RESPOND TO THE CHALLENGES DEMANDED BY LOGISTICS 4.0

Email: ¹ juancamilo.b@misena.edu.co, ² oesarmiento682@misena.edu.co, ³ eybermudez59@misena.edu.co,

Abstract: Colombia is going through a very important and favorable time for the promotion of entrepreneurship. For several years, different circumstances have made entrepreneurship a development alternative for various communities, which face situations such as unemployment, displacement, lack of opportunities or social reincorporation, product of the post-conflict. Although this issue has grown favorably in the country, there are barriers and gaps to be overcome and it is the purpose of this article to delve into how logistics and the training of human talent are key factors for the sustainability of ventures. In accordance with the above, this work presents the results of the research called "CONDITIONS FOR ADAPTATION OF TRAINING ENVIRONMENTS FOR DEVELOPING LOGISTICS SKILLS" where one of its objectives was to mediate technical, transversal and soft skills, required in logistics business environments , based on the study carried out on a sample of 19 companies in the city of Bogot�, which employed young apprentices from the Technology in Logistics Management program in recent years belonging to the National Learning Service SENA. With this, the relevance of the logistics competencies in the work exercise was determined and identifying the new skills that are contemplated in the new training program called Technology in Coordination of Logistics Processes, which, based on the results of the investigation, gives an answer to the challenges posed by changes in the logistics dynamics of the country and, of course, of sustainable entrepreneurship. The results obtained from this research have interested the National Logistics Sector Board, due to the relevance of the results obtained, which in socialization with them, lead to rethinking the functions and positions of the National Map of Occupations in the logistics area, and therefore hence, the process maps of the curricular designs of the technological and technical programs of logistics at the national level, allowing to take into account new competences in accordance with the requirements of the current labor market.

Topic: Education Sciences

DEVELOPMENT OF COMPETENCES IN LOGISTICS THAT RESPOND TO THE CHALLENGES DEMANDED BY LOGISTICS 4.0

COLMENARES BOCANEGRA FLOR YAMILE ¹, BOH�RQUEZ RODR�GUEZ JUAN CAMILO ², SARMIENTO SAAVEDRA OSCAR EDUARDO ³, BERMUDEZ HERNANDEZ ERICK YESID ⁴,
¹ Instituci�n Educativa Luis Carlos Gal�n, ² Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje, ³ Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje - SENA, ⁴ SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE - SENA.,

Email: ¹ floryamilecolmenares@gmail.com, ² juancamilo.b@misena.edu.co, ³ oesarmiento682@misena.edu.co, ⁴ eybermudez59@misena.edu.co,

Topic: Education Sciences

DIDACTIC INTERVENTION FOR THE EXTRACTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF STEROIDS IN URINE

CIPAGAUTA ESQUIVEL EDNA CAROLINA ¹, ANGULO FLOREZ DIEGO HERNANDO ², VARGAS AGUILAR EDGAR EDUARDO ³, TORRES MERCHAN NIDIA JANETH ⁴,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD DE BOYACA, ² UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGOGICA Y TECNOLOGICA DE COLOMBIA, ³ UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGOGICA Y TECNOLOGICA DE COLOMBIA, ⁴ UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGOGICA Y TECNOLOGICA DE COLOMBIA,

Email: ¹ eccipagauta@uniboyaca.edu.co, ² diego.angulo@uptc.edu.co, ³ edgar.vargas01@uptc.edu.co, ⁴ nidia.torres@uptc.edu.co,

Abstract: This work describes a didactic strategy for teaching a miniaturized solid-phase extraction method in the context of laboratory practical training [LPT]. It is based on the students' previous imaginaries in order to generate conceptual changes and promote meaningful learning through a few laboratory sessions. This article will report on the experience of combining the use of a sample preparation technique�PT-SPE�with a didactic intervention exercise for the improvement of procedural skills. We present the results of the application of LPT in the multi-determination of three steroids in urine samples using HPLC-DAD-PT-C18-SPE, which show adequate recovery rates and validation parameters. The results of the intervention show improvement of skills related to solid-phase extraction methods. It is concluded that there were conceptual changes in analytical processes, an adequate familiarization with new sample preparation methodologies, a significant increase in chemical vocabulary and understanding of concepts, along with the application of lower-order cognitive processes to the enhancement of higher-order cognitive skills.

Topic: Education Sciences

DIDACTIC STRATEGY TO TEACH THE CONCEPT OF FRACTION AS A PART-ALL RELATIONSHIP IN THE FIFTH GRADE, FOCUSING ITS HISTORICAL ORIGIN.

GAVIRIA URIBE GERM�N ALFONSO ¹, SUAREZ BRIEVA EYDY DEL CARMEN ²,
¹ Universidad Popular del Cesar, ² UNIVERSIDAD POPULAR DEL CESAR,

Email: ¹ germangaviria@unicesar.edu.co, ² eydysuarez@unicesar.edu.co,

Abstract: According to Obando (2003), the way in which teaching-learning processes are currently oriented in classrooms, with respect to fractions, is a source of erroneous conceptualizations on the part of students. Knowing that one should begin by working on the primary interpretations of the fraction given throughout history (for instance, part-whole), a historical-epistemological, disciplinary and didactic analysis of this concept was made. In the last report of the SABER Tests about the performance of fifth grade students at IE San Isidro Labrador de At�nquez (Cesar), it was made visible that some learning needs to be prioritized for the design of improvement actions. One of these learnings refers to the fact that 61% of students do not use common fractions to describe situations, nor do they recognize and interpret fractions in different contexts. In this way, a classroom diagnosis was made on this interpretation that allowed to detect some critical points, for example, that many schools work from the count, a situation that has led most of the students to focus on the conceptualization of the natural number and not in that of the fraction as such; Thus, we have our students being victims of the dichotomy between the continuous and the discrete, between the number and the magnitude. A didactic strategy was proposed, then, supported by the use of low-cost and easy-to-achieve didactic materials, supported by the COPISI methodology and prioritizing concrete work. Methodologically, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the development of the proposed didactic strategy was carried out, based on an initial test (pretest), on the development of six work sessions carried out in the classroom and, finally, on a final test (postest), concluding that all this intervention favored the appropriation of the concept of fraction, as Part-Whole, in the students of the selected sample.

Topic: Education Sciences

EDUCATE ON RESETTLEMENT, THE CASE OF THE STUDENTS OF THE SACRED HEART OF JESUS SCHOOL IN GRAMALOTE

MONTERO FERREIRA MILTON ALIER ¹, CACUA HERRERA KAREN YULEIMY ², LEMUS RANGEL JEFFERSON ANDR�S ³,
¹ UFPS, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander , ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander ,

Email: ¹ miltonaliermf@ufps.edu.co, ² herrerakarenyuleimyc@ufps.edu.co, ³ jeffersonandreslr@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The presentation is the result of the research entitled "Sense of belonging of the students of the educational institution Sacred Heart of Jes�s with the municipality of Gramalote, Norte de Santander", specifically of the first specific objective, to determine the actions with which the students develop their sense of belonging towards Gramalote. The research was carried out taking the socio-educational theory as the main reference, interpreting the aspects that have influenced the appropriation of the territory for the students from the educational field, with special emphasis on the traditions and customs that were had in the old urban area, as well as the way in which you have been adapting to the new space, its transformations and changes to remain latent in the physical context of Gramalote, likewise, it was investigated about the participation and initiatives proposed and executed by members of the school, whether they are students, teachers or administrators. The process was carried out from a qualitative methodology of phenomenological design, obtaining the information through semi-structured interviews with outstanding students of the last three academic degrees. Inside the results, four large subcategories were recognized in the interpretation: appropriation of symbols and signs of the municipality, knowledge and appreciation of the history, appropriation and care of new territory and management of emotions in the family.

Topic: Education Sciences

EDUCOMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES TO PREVENT BULLYING IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN NORTE DE SANTANDER

MIRANDA �LVAREZ JOSE ALBERTO ¹,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ josealbertoma@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to prevent bullying at the San Luis Gonzaga School in Chin�cota, through an Educommunicative strategy that seeks to promote healthy coexistence in the classroom, in addition to contributing to the mitigation and prevention of the problem. The above is justified in C�cuta, Norte de Santander, where it is recognized that "58% of students resolve their differences with violence and aggression, according to a study by the Red Nortesantandereana Escuela Sin Violencia." (Rinc�n, May 7, 2020), evidencing that bullying is "an aggressive behavior to cause intentional, repeated and prolonged harm in time" Olweus (2007, p. 2). The study is of qualitative approach with analytical-descriptive approaches to issues such as Bullying, cyberbullying and/or school bullying, addressed to 119 ninth grade students and 104 tenth grade students, selected through a non-probabilistic sample by convenience. Having mentioned this, one of the instruments to be applied is a survey to students, in order to diagnose the incidence of this phenomenon and collect the necessary data to dimension the social, cultural and virtual context in which they are. Then, semi-structured interviews will be conducted with rectors, teachers, psychology or counseling departments and parents' representatives of the ninth and tenth grades. Finally, the strategy will be based on the book Educar en las Redes Sociales: Programa Preventivo PRIRES, by Jos� Mar�a Avil�s (2019), an educational program that helps students to identify risk factors, establish emotional limits on the privacy of information on social networks and on digital identity, to be made available to managers, teachers, students and parents

Topic: Education Sciences

EFFECTS OF CONFINEMENT BY COVID 19 ON THE SOCIAL SKILLS OF CAREGIVERS BELONGING TO THE ASSOCIATION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES AND THEIR CAREGIVERS OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF LOS PATIOS (ASOPERDISCUI).

GALVIS VASQUEZ NICOLLE JULIANA ¹, LEON MU�OZ MARIA CAMILA ², RAMIREZ AYALA GIOVANNY ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander , ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander , ³ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER ,

Email: ¹ nicollejulianagv@ufps.edu.co, ² mariacamilalm@ufps.edu.co, ³ giovannyra@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Social skills are the set of actions and behaviors that characterize us as human beings, these skills help us to function within society and lead us to solve daily life situations effectively, that is, acceptable to the subject itself and for the social context in which it operates. During the year 2020 the human being had to be confined due to force majeure due to Covid 19, in this period of time there were not only health effects but also emotional and coexistence levels, which is why many of the social skills of humans were weakened by this confinement. The general purpose of the investigation will be carried out with the association of people with disabilities and their caregivers (ASOPERDISCUI) of the municipality of Los Patios, which is made up of 35 caregivers, of Colombian and Venezuelan nationalities who accompany their children every Wednesday and family members with multiple disabilities to trainings conducted by IMRD. The objective of this research work is to recognize the effects of confinement by Covid 19 on the social skills of caregivers belonging to the association of people with disabilities and their caregivers of the municipality of Los Patios, this recognition will be carried out by determining the status and knowledge about the issues of social skills in caregivers, The methodology is oriented from the qualitative approach followed to this and through an instrument it will be analyzed what was the impact of confinement by Covid 19 on the social skills of caregivers and according to this As a result of this instrument, strategies will be designed to strengthen these skills in them. It is important to make the concept and types of social skills known to this type of population, since we use these tools in our daily lives, but we do not take into account that they are part of this set of interpersonal relationships, which as behaviors emitted by the individual in a context in which each one develops, they come to express feelings, attitudes, desires, opinions or rights depending on the situation that arises, highlighting that Covid 19 is a pandemic generated by the virus and that this forced the society to be confined to prevent the impact of this. Due to this confinement, the individuals lost direct contact with society and when they returned, many of the social skills of each individual were affected.

Topic: Education Sciences

FULL-TIME HIGH SCHOOL: A CHALLENGE FOR PUBLIC POLICIES

GUIMAR�ES HONORATO HERCULES ¹,
¹ Instituto Naval de P�s-Gradua��o,

Email: ¹ hghhhma@gmail.com,

Abstract: The objective of this research is to analyze how public policies are directed to offer Full-Time Education, that is, to achieve the number six goal of the National Education Plan (PNE). The relevance of the study, in a summarized form, is to verify if the public policies in force are aligned to support meeting the target in question, specific for Full Time High School. The methodological approach of investigation adopted in this research was quali-quantitative. The research had two initial stages: the first consisting of data collection and statistical analysis of the goals established by the National Plan for High School; and the second is a subjective analysis of how these goals are being met by public policies. The work portrays the scenario of Brazilian education regarding the increase in the enrollment rate in Secondary Education, the offer of Full-Time Education and fostering the quality of Education in High School in Full-Time, considering the time span from 2014 to 2024, according with the PNE. Points of improvement in education were highlighted in some regions of Brazil, due to the adoption of high school by some States, as well as obstacles yet to be overcome were reported. However, the study showed us that goal 6 (six) of the PNE has not been achieved so far, showing that public policies are not being able to change the Full-Time High School scenario. As a suggestion to overcome the political barrier that proved to be a differential for materializing the goals, it is recommended that the National Plan be widely known, understood, debated and monitored by society as a whole and, thus, guide public policies for the materialization of their goals, especially goal six, the focus of this article.

Topic: Education Sciences

ICT-MEDIATED PEDAGOGIC STRATEGY FOR STRENGTHENING READING COMPREHENSION

BARAJAS VALLEJO NANCY ASTRID ¹,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ lisveastrid@gmail.com,

Abstract: Reading comprehension is fundamental in the relationships and interrelationship of the fundamental elements that give autonomy to the communicative process of humanity for educational purposes. Technological tools and reading do not go at odds, nor does it upset or slow down reading or writing. Through this research project, a proposal will be developed to strengthen the reading comprehension competence in students by incorporating technological tools; The above is reflected in the Colegio Padre Rafael Garc�a Herreros in its low performance in this competition, since the results for ninth grade, in the area of Language; it shows no statistically significant differences between the school's average score in 2017 and its average score in 2016. The present research proposes a mixed approach which is based on the simultaneous use of qualitative and quantitative methods (Bryman, 2006 cited in Moscoso, J. N. 2017) in order to have a greater understanding of the study; where the advances are given according to the analysis of the data collected and the interpretation to establish comparisons and determine the strategy. In the research, data triangulation and methodology were used, which allowed the analysis of the results of the ICFES in the reading comprehension competition of recent years and the characterization of students to arrive at an innovative pedagogical strategy that gives solution to the problem posed. It was determined that students would like to develop their reading comprehension skills using a mobile app; in line with the above, it is evident that with the appearance of the "Digital Natives" (PRENSKY, 2011 cited in Schwabe, R. H. 2013) changed the concept of education. By performing the analysis of the information collected with students and teachers; a pedagogical proposal has been designed, a "APP "Do we read?, according to its purpose: Exploratory, Informative, study, critical and recreational; as a resource where pedagogical activities can be carried out.

Topic: Education Sciences

INTERPRETATION OF KINEMATICS GRAPHS. IDENTIFICATION OF DIFFICULTIES IN STUDENTS OF SECONDARY BASIC EDUCATION

Email: ¹ raulprada@ufps.edu.co, ² audingamboa@ufps.edu.co, ³ williamavendano@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: This research work allows us to identify the difficulties that Secondary Education students have in the interpretation of Uniform Rectilinear Motion graphs (Distance vs. Time graphs). A quantitative approach is adopted at a descriptive level, following the implementation of a questionnaire provided in an online version. The results allow us to identify that the students say that the subject has been seen, but they do not feel comfortable with the teaching process given by the teacher. This situation allows us to conclude that the difficulties are associated with two main categories: some associated with the teaching process by the teacher and others associated with the student and their academic process

Topic: Education Sciences

"MIGRANT BOYS AND GIRLS AND INCLUSION IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF SAN JOSE DE CUCUTA: CHALLENGES AND CHALLENGES IN PANDEMIC"

MONSALVE G�MEZ MARTHA ISABEL ¹, GONZ�LEZ CHAC�N DANNY NEMECIO ²,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCSICO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER,

Email: ¹ Marthaisabelmg@ufps.edu.co, ² DANNYNEMECIOGC@dd DANNYNEMECIOGC@UFPS.EDU.CO,

Abstract: This ongoing project entitled "MIGRANT BOYS AND GIRLS AND INCLUSION IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF SAN JOSE DE CUCUTA: CHALLENGES AND CHALLENGES IN PANDEMIC" shows us the causes that determine migration, which can be seen from political, economic and sociocultural aspects of a country, in this case Venezuela, it is possible to mention the need of the families that make up the nucleus, such as parents and children, who are forced to seek other alternatives such as their economic well-being and therefore in search of greater academic training, since in their country of origin it does not offer at this time the possibility of seeking greater personal and family progress, this to minimize inequality, in the socioeconomic gap and the possibilities of progress. These determining factors lead these individuals to make the decision to seek better living conditions in other societies. Migration is a social phenomenon that occurs worldwide, thousands of people leave their countries of origin, mostly fleeing the internal conflicts typical of their territories, seeking to improve their quality of life. Migration is an event as old as history itself; man began to migrate from the first moment when he faced the need to seek more and better life opportunities. Migration is generated mainly by social, political, economic, personal, cultural problems, among others. It is a fact that the mobilization of people has always existed, but in recent years it has increased.Ruiz Garc�a, A (2002), cited by (Rivas, 2019). The methodological approach is proposed which is located within the qualitative theory, interpretive and socio-educational approach in the context where human experiences occur, without manipulated variables, how the actors think, live and interpret the different situations that occur in their context social and to be able to know how the phenomenon occurs, considering its positive and negative aspects, to later be analyzed and be able to contribute with the analysis, to the formulation of a critical look about how these policies are being implemented and to know if they are actually being produced the expected results. Qualitative research allows to know the reality of each actor in their context, in addition to the social networks of which they are part. In this sense, qualitative research suggests that competent and qualified observers can report objectively, clearly, and precisely about their own observations of the social world, as well as the experiences of others; on the other hand, researchers approach a real subject, who is present in the world and who can, to a certain extent, offer us information about their own experiences, opinions and values (Rodr�guez, G, 1996). Information will be collected from the participating population, through a set of techniques or methods such as semi-structured interviews, life stories, case studies or documentary analysis. Keywords: Migrant Boys, Girls, Socio-educational Action, Educational Inclusion, Pandemic, Human Rights, Public Policies.

Topic: Education Sciences

MULTIMODAL PRODUCTION BETWEEN DYADS IN A DIGITAL SPACE

BONILLA VALENCIA PILAR DEL CARMEN ¹, DE CASTRO DAZA DIANA PATRICIA ²,
¹ Universidad del Valle, ² Universidad del Valle,

Email: ¹ pilar.bonilla@correounivalle.edu.co, ² diana.decastro@correounivalle.edu.co,

Abstract: Introduction: The purpose of the research is to analyze the multimodal and collaborative production process of two dyads between the ages of 9 and 11 in a digital space called Creando Juntos designed on the Google Sites platform; in which children explore the production and interaction possibilities offered by digital platforms in the challenge of a co-construction activity with a peer. Multimodality is specified in this study in the collaborative production process in which children have the possibility in the digital space of designing the productions proposed in the activity from the variety of semiotic registers. Multimodality is defined as the set of approaches that understand communication and representation not only from linguistic aspects, but also taking into account the wide range of forms of communication that subjects use, Jewitt, et al (2016). The different studies reviewed on multimodality emphasize the possibilities that digital technologies offer to the development of writing and reading practices; and pose the challenge in the educational field of configuring scenarios to strengthen creativity, by providing different ways and possibilities to learn, communicate and construct meanings (Bal, 2018; Burnett & Myers, 2006; Chaverra & Bolivar, 2016; Cordero, Ibaseta, Ota�za & Chiuminatto 2018; Manghi, Lagos & Pizarro, 2016; Ranker, 2015; Wells & Miller, 2017). In this way, this research provides new understandings about the use of digital technologies for educational purposes, which implies assuming the challenge of innovation and creativity in digital settings that involve the different ways of learning of children when they build knowledge. Objective: The objective of the research is to analyze the multimodal production process of children in the three productions made in the digital space: a video, a story and a blog. Method The research is qualitative, a case study was developed, defined as a single case with an integrated design; which integrates more than one unit of analysis. In this regard, Jim�nez and Commet (2016) state that the case studies are dense and complex because they seek to respond to how and why events or phenomena occur from multiple perspectives, making the exploration and analysis deeper. Four girls between 9 and 11 years of age participated, enrolled in the fourth and fifth grade of elementary school. The multimodal production activity consists of fourteen meetings with the dyads through the Google Sites and Google Meet platforms. To analyze multimodal productions, two categories were proposed: a) Uses of semiotic resources b) Forms of interaction in the multimodal production process. Results Among the preliminary results of the research, it is identified that the multimodal production process of the two dyads was enriched by the use of various semiotic resources in the three productions: the video, the short story and the blog. In the collaborative and multimodal production activity, the dyads used oral and written speeches, the use of images, emoticons, music videos and graphic design of the digital space to construct meanings. During the multimodal production process in the Creando Juntos digital space, dialogic relationships were built, expressed in the negotiation of meanings in the recognition of comments and contributions between peers, as well as in the agency of the participants in the collaborative activity. Conclusions The digital space Creando Juntos is an innovative proposal since it provided the participating girls with various possibilities of production and interaction, and to be creative agents of new meanings in a collaborative activity mediated by digital technology. In the multimodal production process, the participants explored and discovered new ways of communicating and constructing meanings with digital technology. The multimodal productions of girls in the digital space Creating Together allow us to recognize the incidence of digital technology in educational practices, and requires reflection on how to learn and teach in digital environments, and how to propose new provocations to children's creativity . Referencias: Bal, M. (2018). Improving informative and narrative writing skills associated with multimodal literacy of middle-school students. Cypriot Journal of Educational Science. 10(4), 79�94. Burnett, K & Myers,J (2006). Observing children writing on screen: Exploring the process of multi-modal composition. Language and Literacy. 8(2) 1-31. Chaverra- Fern�ndez., D & Gil-Restrepo, C (2017). Habilidades del pensamiento creativo asociadas a la escritura de textos multimodales. Instrumento para su evaluaci�n en la Educaci�n B�sica Primaria. Folios, 45, 3-14. Jewitt, C., Bezemer, J., & O�Halloran, K. (2016). Introducing multimodality. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

Topic: Education Sciences

NON-FORMAL LEARNING SCENARIOS AND PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICE IN VIRTUALITY

CASTRILLON JAIMES YUSBELY CECILIA ¹, BONILLA SU�REZ MYRIAM YANETH ², MORA CIFUENTES PAOLA MILENA ³, MERCH�N RANGEL NANCY ⁴,
¹ UNIMINUTO, ² UNIMINUTO, ³ UNIMINUTO, ⁴ UNIMINUTO,

Email: ¹ YUSBELY.CASTRILLON.J@UNIMINUTO.EDU.CO, ² myriam.bonilla@uniminuto.edu, ³ PAOLA.MORA@UNIMINUTO.EDU, ⁴ nancy.merchan@uniminuto.edu,

Abstract: In the professional training of the students of Degree in Early Childhood Education of the University Corporation Minuto de Dios of the Regional Center C�cuta, competencies are developed within the guidelines and pedagogical criteria to meet the quality requirements that the educational system needs in Colombia in early childhood. This training process begins with different pedagogical moments to focus the interaction of the student with the different scenarios, where his role as a teacher in training transforms him from the practice of observation I; where non-formal educational scenarios have been transformed into virtual scenarios due to the current situation due to the pandemic. This has led to redesigning the work plan to adapt it to the virtual mode where the needs to interact with the context and people has been replaced by technology. In order to achieve the execution of the activities from the environment of each of the students, it was necessary to guide them in technological competences making synergy between observation and ICT. In consequence of the above, the modality of teaching and virtual learning develops even more skills in students to interpret, analyze and evaluate non-formal educational contexts that are difficult to access or in distant places; this promotes meaningful learning, raising motivation and vocation for teaching; the ability to observe and describe the scenarios and processes where the pedagogical practice is developed makes the researcher of formative processes use an action research methodology to publicize the results in a detailed way from the interaction with the context and the observed participants. As one of the results obtained, it was possible to build the pedagogical practice in non-formal scenarios, by designing and adapting the work material, techniques and instruments to collect information, and to build the reflection from a different perspective and experience, where the student acquires knowledge through innovative learning strategies for the transformation of the teacher's work in early childhood. The work carried out in the practice of observation I of the students of degree in early childhood education, highlights the commitment that acquires to learn and train in pedagogical competences at the end of their process of professionalization. The student manages to assume the responsibility of knowing the teaching process in non-formal scenarios to create significant changes that include the diversity that exists in all classrooms, the role and importance of family participation in early childhood, the conditions of school infrastructure and educational agents , and the relationship of non-formal scenarios to the learning process. All these activities observed by the students, showed the ability to design relevant and necessary tools for the understanding of the theme that develops each context or scenario, the working group and the applicability of the pedagogical practice in relation to the virtual modality focuses on the analysis of observation as a technique to collect information from the exercises and activities carried out with the work team , in order to consolidate the transformation of critical thinking by demonstrating that it is able to adapt to different situations in its work as a teacher. The collaborative work and interaction with the teaching advisor is important, for the understanding of the scenarios and activities that each one develops from various perspectives, one is the virtual modality where you must not only observe the scenario, but also must do hermeneutics to contextualize what in your immediate environment does not exist, so extract new information and remove from the comfort zone the undergraduate student , manages to place different situations and problems in its academic environment so that it proposes solutions or alternatives that leads to generate discussions with the working group for the agreement of innovative ideas. In this way, the dynamic that was generated in the practice of observation I in a virtual way gave the students a wide variety of situations that happen in the work of the teacher in the different training spaces for early childhood to modify the process of reading, judging and acting as a basic exercise in each learning based on the praxeological model of uniminuto.

Topic: Education Sciences

PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICE MEDIATED BY ICT IN THE ACADEMIC PROGRAM OF BACHELOR IN NATURAL SCIENCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION, UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER

MURILLO BARRERA ROSA DANIELA ¹,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ daniela_murillo_926@hotmail.com,

Abstract: The objective of the current research is to determine the use of ICT tools used by teachers who guide the different subjects in the Academic Program for the Degree in Natural Sciences and Environmental Education of the Francisco de Paula Santander University in their pedagogical practice. based on theories of constructivism by Lev Vigotski (Vigotski, 1979) and Jean Piaget (Piaget, The stages of intellectual development of the child and adolescent, 1868): David Ausubel's significant learning theory (Ausubel, Hanesian, & Novak, 1983) and Jerome Bruner's theory of learning by knowledge (Bruner, 1994). It was determined as a research project with a qualitative research approach and a descriptive methodological design. The participating subjects were chosen intentionally, which were a total of 12 teachers linked to the academic program in question, who guide subjects in it, have more than five years of experience in teaching and, above all, showed a special interest in participate in this research. An interview script was used as an instrument for data collection. The results established the ICT tools used by the teaching staff of the program, their usability and the strategies they apply in their teaching work; as a result, a Glossary of ICT Tools was obtained.

Topic: Education Sciences

PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICE OF ELEMENTARY AND MIDDLE SCHOOL TEACHERS IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC

GALLARDO P�REZ HENRY DE JESUS ¹, VILLAMIZAR JAIMES DANIEL ², VERGEL ORTEGA MAWENCY ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ henrygallardo@ufps.edu.co, ² danielvj@ufps.edu.co, ³ mawencyvergel@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: With the pandemic caused by Covid-19, the educational sector has been affected by the need to migrate from an educational model centered on face-to-face work to a model of non-face-to-face teaching. The research characterizes the pedagogical actions carried out throughout this process by elementary and middle school teachers in public sector educational institutions located in the rural area of Catatumbo in the department of Norte de Santander, Colombia. The methodology is framed in a multi-method approach using ethnographic research method and a quasi-experimental design from the quantitative approach. The research describes the pedagogical activities carried out by teachers, involving both ICT-mediated activities and other pedagogical actions and the resources used to carry out the non-presential teaching process and achieve the proposed learning levels, as well as the changes made in the short term in their pedagogical practice with long-term projection.

Topic: Education Sciences

PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF THE BUSINESS ADMINISTRATOR: FROM THEORY TO PRAXIS

RODRIGUEZ ISIDRO FRANCISCO ESTEBAN ¹,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER,

Email: ¹ franciscoestebanri@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: University education assumes new challenges in professional training, from this perspective, the objective of this research was to analyze the professional training of the Business Administrator, from theory and practice, from the referents of teachers, students and graduates from the Francisco de Paula Santander University, which made it possible to generate theoretical contributions to strengthen the training and development proposal of the Educational Project of the Program (PEP). Theoretically, Business Administration was assumed from a set of rules, principles, thought with a certain universality (Theory) and, with the fulfillment of certain practices (Praxis), from the ontological, epistemological and axiological vision. The Research was approached from the interpretive paradigm, assuming the Grounded Theory as a method; Furthermore, he used the hermeneutical documentary analysis, which allowed theoretically comparing national and international references with the UFPS proposal, in the formation of the Business Administrator. The following participated in the study: 10 teachers; 10 graduates, 10 students from the last semester and 10 who were in the sixth to seventh semester, who were interviewed from the fundamental elements of professional training, emphasizing the theory-praxis relationship. The findings yielded as categories of analysis, * Educational Processes of the Program, * Academic Development, * Aptitude of the Educator, * Development of the Practical component of the Program and Academic Processes. From the categories, codes emerged that made it possible to define their relationships, triangulating the perceptions of the different actors with the analysis of the guidelines promulgated by national and international agencies for the professional training of the Business Administrator. The meeting points refer to academic processes, training in competencies, student empowerment, strengthening of the Curriculum, from an ethical vision, with a business projection, proposing theoretical elements for the improvement of the PYP, emphasizing the articulation in the curricular mesh , the rules and principles of Administration (theory) with practices (praxis).

Topic: Education Sciences

PROJECT BASED LEARNING AS A STRATEGY TO PROPOSE SOLUTIONS TO PRESSING PROBLEMS: A CASE OF STUDY FOR DESIGNING AN INDOOR AIR PURIFICATION SYSTEM BY A MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM OF UNDERGRADUATE ENGINEERING STUDENTS.

CCAMA-MAMANI KATERYNE ¹, CHIPOCO HARO DANAE ², GUTIERREZ MARIA ROSA ³, PALOMINO-MARCELO LUIS ⁴, RODRIGUEZ-REYES JUAN CARLOS F. ⁵,
¹ Universidad de Ingenier�a y Tecnolog�a - UTEC, ² Universidad de Ingenier�a y Tecnolog�a - UTEC, ³ Universidad de Ingenier�a y Tecnolog�a - UTEC, ⁴ University of California San Diego, ⁵ Universidad de Ingenier�a y Tecnolog�a - UTEC ,

Email: ¹ kateryne.ccm@gmail.com, ² danae.chipoco@utec.edu.pe, ³ mgutierrezp@utec.edu.pe, ⁴ lpalominomarcelo@ucsd.edu, ⁵ jcrodriguez@utec.edu.pe,

Abstract: Currently, undergraduate engineering education involves a theoretical and a practical component. However, the latter is based on manual activities such as isolated experiments in a laboratory. These activities do not necessarily cover real-life challenges and result in recently graduated engineers without real-life experiences. Moreover, many companies look for professionals that not only have problem-solving skills but also soft skills. Thus, UTEC created a course called Interdisciplinary Projects with the objective of promoting critical thinking and skills for the resolution of current problems through a collaborative framework between different disciplines. In this context, an interdisciplinary group of students was formed to develop an air filtration system to improve indoor air quality and to decrease the probability of COVID-19 infection. Twelve undergraduate engineering students were organized into three groups where they learned about antiviral nanocomposites, user-centered design, and electromechanical systems design. The different groups worked in a collaborative way: they showed their progress and received feedback from each other through weekly meetings. In addition, they leaned on applications to organize the group work and share the bibliography consulted. Finally, we collected feedback from these students on the proposed learning method. Herein, we discuss the positive impact of problem-based learning and interdisciplinary work in undergraduate engineering education based on this experience.

Topic: Education Sciences

RESIGNIFICATION OF A TERRITORY, THE RETURN OF THE LONG-LIVED COMMUNITY TO A COLOMBIAN MUNICIPALITY

FUENTES GOMEZ LUISA VALENTINA ¹, CHACON LEAL GLORIA ZULEMA ², MONTERO FERREIRA MILTON ALIER ³,
¹ UFPS, ² universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ UFPS,

Email: ¹ luisavalentinafg@ufps.edu.co, ² gloria.leal198821@gmail.com, ³ miltonaliermf@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: This presentation reflects the final results of the research entitled "Participation of the elderly from Gramalote in the resettlement process to the new urban area", highlighting the redefinition of a territory through the return of the long-lived community to a municipality in Colombia , the presentation recognizes the problem of resettlement from the perspective of older adults from 2017 to 2020, as a result of the natural disaster caused by a mass removal phenomenon in 2010. The results presented are part of the third specific objective of the study, which was focused on identifying the challenges and projections for the participation of older adults in the resettlement process to the new urban area Gramalote, from the methodological point of view, it is a study Qualitative cut with a phenomenological approach, the information was obtained from in-depth interviews conducted with eleven older adults from the municipality. To identify the challenges and projections of participation, three categories of analysis were developed: the social visibility of the elderly, the recognition of the elderly in the territory and the adaptation to the new urban area, culminating in the respective conclusions regarding the participation of older adults and theoretical references.

Topic: Education Sciences

SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: A SHORT REVIEW

QUINTERO-QUINTERO WILDER ¹, BLANCO-ARIZA A. B. ², GARZ�N-CASTRILL�N M. A. ³,
¹ UFPSO, ² Universidad Sim�n Bol�var, ³ Universidad Sim�n Bol�var,

Email: ¹ quinterowilder@ufpso.edu.co, ² abarizab@unisimon.edu.co, ³ magarzon@unisimon.edu.co,

Abstract: The main objective of this study is to provide a summary of the general review of studies related to intellectual capital in higher education institutions. In addition, a compilation of information from the Scopus database and other sources was obtained and analyzed through direct comparison of the articles and books found. The results indicated that higher education institutions, by having high levels of Intellectual Capital, are contained in a trained and innovative human capital; a robust structural capital in organizational, technological, and research processes; and a relational capital with academic and research networks. Finally, in almost all cases, the number of scientific production (articles and books mainly) is published by the full-time teacher of the main institutions in Colombia.

Topic: Education Sciences

SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN COLOMBIA: A CASE STUDY

QUINTERO-QUINTERO WILDER ¹, BLANCO-ARIZA A. B. ², GARZ�N-CASTRILL�N M. A. ³,
¹ UFPSO, ² Universidad Sim�n Bol�var, ³ Universidad Sim�n Bol�var,

Email: ¹ quinterowilder@ufpso.edu.co, ² abarizab@unisimon.edu.co, ³ magarzon@unisimon.edu.co,

Abstract: The main objective of this study is to provide a general view of studies related to intellectual capital developed in Colombia. A compilation of information from the Scopus database was obtained and analyzed using Excel with the direct comparison and analysis of graphs. The results showed that Colombian scientific production is associated with 31 public universities, representing the 80,529 elaborate by 44,761 authors in three relevant topics Agricultural and Biological Science, Physics and Astronomy, and Medicine. The data obtained show that 56.61% of the institutions are above the average. This behavior depends on the number of researchers and full-time teachers by the institution related to the intellectual capital.

Topic: Education Sciences

SOFTWARE FOR TEACHING MATHEMATICS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

MU�OZ TELLO ANDR�S FELIPE ¹, DUARTE HERRERA MARCELA ²,
¹ Universidad Santiago de Cali, ² Universidad del Valle y Universidad Santiago de Cali,

Email: ¹ antello05@gmail.com, ² marcela.duarte@correounivalle.edu.co,

Abstract: In times of COVID-19, the use and good management of technological tools has almost become mandatory in educational settings. In particular, in the area of mathematics, the change from the strictly face-to-face modality to the virtual or alternate modality means that the evaluation must be adjusted to the contingency, rethinking the ways in which it is planned, designed and executed. From a case study with a qualitative approach, some data obtained over seven academic periods of the Calculus II course, taught at a University of Santiago de Cali (Valle del Cauca, Colombia) were analyzed, so that they can be recognized these transformations, through the learning results obtained by the students. For this, the pedagogical elements and relationships put into play are taken into account, questioning the role played by each of the actors in the teaching-learning process. This information is taken as raw material for reflection and improvement proposal for quality evaluation processes, which can be a more effective measure of meaningful student learning, valued through the use of digital platforms. As elements of discussion and conclusion, this research shows the variations in student performance and the role of the teacher in the virtual and alternating modality, to point out the importance of the adaptation processes of educational practices in the teaching of mathematics in higher education. As a means of expanding this analysis, the elements where the pedagogical practice of the teacher varies before and after the pandemic are presented, and it is shown through examples or exercises, how the software can be implemented to promote learning. It is expected that such systematization of the results derived from the teaching experience will be useful to continue improving the educational processes in pandemic and post-pandemic.

Topic: Education Sciences

STATE OF TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION AT THE FRANCISCO JOS� DE CALDAS DISTRICT UNIVERSITY

BRICE�O CASTA�EDA SERGIO ¹, SUAREZ OSCAR ²,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD DISTRITAL FRANCISCO JOS� DE CALDAS, ² Universidad Distrital Francisco Jos� de Caldas,

Email: ¹ sbricenoc@udistrital.edu.co, ² ojardeys@correo.udistrital.edu.co,

Abstract: The purpose of this presentation is to report the status of research in technology education at the district university through research projects, master's thesis and doctoral thesis that have been developed in recent years. The �a priori� categories focused on the design and conceptual perspectives, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the methodological strategies and science technology society curriculum. The research is bibliographic, with a quantitative approach. The results show that the greatest contribution to the area is made by the master's degree in technology education, with the ICT category in methodological strategies being the one with the greatest contribution, dominating the qualitative approach in research. By way of conclusion, a contribution is established in the systematization of educational experiences in the company of teachers who completed their Master's Degree in Technology Education. Future work requires treating the information through data exploration techniques to infer emerging categories that indicate current and future trends to direct research efforts.

Topic: Education Sciences

THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC HEALTH ON MIGRANT WOMEN FROM VENEZUELA IN A STATE OF GESTATION IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF SAN JOS� DE C�CUTA IN THE YEAR 2016-2019

MONSALVE G�MEZ MARTHA ISABEL ¹, CELIS G�MEZ GABRIELA ALEXANDRA ²,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCSICO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER,

Email: ¹ Marthaisabelmg@ufps.edu.co, ² julidanna_152@outlook.com,

Abstract: This research entitled: The impact of Public Health on Migrant Women from Venezuela in a State of Gestation in the Municipality of San Jos� de C�cuta 2016-2019, a topic where the problems that have led to the impact of women's health can be evidenced pregnant women and migrants from Venezuela and prenatal care, where the collapse in the municipality's health system can be evidenced, is proposed so that health professionals provide care, support and information to pregnant migrants from Venezuela. This includes promoting a healthy lifestyle, including good nutrition, detecting and preventing disease, providing family planning counseling, and supporting women who may be experiencing pregnancy Population migration refers to the movement of a person or group of people who cross the borders of a geographic area, destined to settle indefinitely or temporarily reside outside the country of origin. Migratory movements are caused by a variety of reasons, some of which are related to the search for opportunities. Work, better socioeconomic conditions, keep learning, fly Prevent human rights violations, transfers caused by natural disasters and, ultimately, war is characterized by the search for better prospects. Migration is a stressor and is related to the following problems Health, economy, gender, politics, society and family, because when people move from one place to another, they face conditions Background problems that are different from the situation that they faced each other before leaving; and these changes will affect your behavior, social relationships, diet, growth, health can change your life significantly In the city of San Jos� de C�cuta there is a large influx of Venezuelan immigrants, but we see that this influx is not controlled. (MINSALUD, 2017) He also made it clear that hospitals are obliged to attend to emergencies, and the EPS must ensure that people who present immigration cards, passports, special residence permits, diplomatic certificates or residence permits are in contact with the system. Therefore, because imsalud formulated a development plan to serve the community, in C�cuta it took care of a large number of Venezuelan immigrant women who were pregnant. This research in development proposes the following Objectives: Analyze the impact of Public Health on pregnant migrant women from Venezuela, and Identify the different epidemics due to the forced and involuntary displacement of migrant women from Venezuela in their vulnerable condition. Determine the amount of population of migrant women from Venezuela in a state of pregnancy that has been treated in public health entities. Two instruments will be designed and applied: the survey and the semi-structured interview. (Bernardo and Calderero (2000) consider that the instruments are a resource that the researcher can use to get closer to the phenomena and extract information from them. Keywords: 1-Border Population 2-Migrant Women 3-Pregnancy 4-Migratory phenomenon 5-Public health

Topic: Education Sciences

THE RELATIONSHIP SOCIAL CONSCIENCE-SEMIOTIC REPRESENTATION-DRAWING IN THE EXPERIENCE OF CHILDREN. A REVIEW.

SALAS MORENO RICARDO ¹,
¹ Universidad Aut�noma de Manizales y Universidad del Valle,

Email: ¹ ricardo.salas@correounivalle.edu.co,

Abstract: This paper is part of the research project entitled Social conscience, semiotic representation and drawing in the experience of children. It was presented in the research line in development of consciousness, in the PhD Program in Cognitive Sciences at Universidad Aut�noma de Manizales, Colombia, and in the Research Group on textuality and cognition of the School of language sciences at Universidad del Valle , Colombia. The objective of the phase shared here is to review the empirical background of the research problem from a qualitative approach. The general question that guided the search was: What has been investigated about drawing in childhood and its relationship with social conscience and semiotic representations? A critical position is assumed regarding what has been done about the object, the subjects and the research methods or approaches. 120 articles published between 2010 and 2020 were included, mainly in English and Spanish. The search was carried out in the databases Web of Science, Scopus (Elsevier), Science Direct (Elsevier), in Google Academic and Microsoft Academic, and included the Journal of Theoretical Biology, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, and the Journal of Experimental Child Psychology; the Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection (EBSCO) was also used; Psychology Database (ProQuest); Redalyc (Open Access); SciELO (Open Access); Social Science Database (ProQuest); and Dialnet. For the search, the following descriptors were determined: conscience, social conscience, representation, semiotic representation, children's drawing, icon, index, symbol. The following Boolean operators were used, with their English equivalents: consciousness AND drawing; drawing AND consciousness; social representation OR social awareness; social conscience NOT class conscience; awareness NEAR social ; awareness ADJ social ; awareness WITH social; drawing AND semiotic representation; drawing AND social representation; semiotic representation NOT mental representation; representation WITH semiotic; representation NEAR semiotic; representation ADJ semiotic; drawing OR icon; drawing AND text; drawing AND sign; drawing AND symbol; (children OR infants) AND (drawing OR representation); "Social conscience in children"; "Semiotic representation and drawing"; "Social conscience and semiotic representation". The selected investigations were classified into three broad categories, namely: (1) works on consciousness in children; (2) works on drawing in children; (3) works on the drawing-semiotic representation relationship in children. Within each of these categories, the works were classified by specific areas or themes. It is concluded that drawing is becoming increasingly important as an instrument for investigating conscious cognitive processes in children, even though it has not been assumed from an interdisciplinary perspective of cognitive sciences or adequately from a phenomenological approach. Bringing phenomenology, semiotics and hermeneutics to the cognitive sciences in a complementary way seems to constitute an unprecedented attempt that, in itself, could justify the effort put into the project.

Topic: Education Sciences

THE ROLE OF MOTIVATION IN THE LEARNING PROCESS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION

ACU�A GIL MARITZA ¹, PATI�O QUINTERO CARLA KATERINNE ²,
¹ Corporaci�n Universitaria Minuto de Dios, ² Corporaci�n Universitaria Minuto de Dios,

Email: ¹ maritzabiosistemica@gmail.com, ² cpatinoquin@uniminuto.edu.co,

Abstract: The study is proposed in correspondence to the line of research in human development to which the research seedbed in child pedagogy -PAIDOS is attached. From there, the approach to the pedagogical practice of early childhood education teachers is sustained; particularly with regard to reviewing motivation as a key aspect in the development of training processes in Colombia. This makes sense considering the gaps in the scientific literature in objects of study properly related to childhood. While the investigative work has the purpose: to recognize the main pedagogical contributions that configure motivation as a theoretical category, associated with the formation of infants. The study is structured from the interpretive paradigm, adopts a qualitative design and performs a documentary analysis that allows identifying from a systematic review and coding process (open, axial and selective) the following findings in relation to motivation in early childhood education: knowledge Discipline is mediated by the affective abilities of the students, the epistemic nature of the guiding activities (games, art, literature, exploration of the environment) determines the didactic proposals, the family context constitutes an extriseco factor that permeates the integral development, the relationship knowing -context-teacher constitute an incident factor in the construction of learning, cultural recognition-family of the infant is the communicative base in the formative process.

Topic: Education Sciences

TRAINING PROGRAM ON BIOLOGICAL RISK AND PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES AIMED AT PERSONNEL OF THE LABORATORIES OF THE FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES OF THE UFPS

CONTRERAS VELASQUEZ ZAIDA ROCIO ¹, GUTIERREZ DURAN JOSE ALFREDO ², NEIRA HURTADO YESIKA ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ INDEPENDIENTE,

Email: ¹ zaidarociocv@ufps.edu.co, ² josealfredogd@ufps.edu.co, ³ yesikanh@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Know aspects related to biological risk such as microorganisms that are intentionally and unintentionally manipulated in laboratories, the transmission mechanism of infectious diseases related to these microorganisms, epidemiology and prevention strategies; It is the beginning of an epidemiological surveillance process aimed at knowing the biological agents with which there is a risk of occupational exposure. METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN: Pilot strategy of an exploratory and social type with a view to observing the level of acceptability of the personnel involved with the processes and activities developed in the laboratories of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences in the appropriation of knowledge about the biological risk that is manipulated in the laboratories. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thematic axes were selected according to the needs identified by the personnel involved in the different laboratories, which allows them to improve their knowledge of biological risk. A 10-hour meeting was organized through the Meet platform, convening the teaching staff, laboratory workers, students, and general service personnel from the Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. RESULTS: There was a total attendance of 109 people among teachers, assistant workers, students, and general services during the four meetings, with an average attendance of 27 workers per meeting. During the first meeting, an introduction and conceptualization on the epidemiology of infectious diseases was carried out; a second meeting aimed at understanding signs and symptoms in each of the human body systems; a third encounter that exposed the microorganisms that are manipulated in laboratories intentionally and unintentionally; Finally, they received training on antimicrobial treatments and strategies for the construction of an epidemiological surveillance design directed at biological risk. CONCLUSIONS: It was possible to generate a positive impact on the working staff and the group of students who attended, by making known the importance of knowing the microorganism that is intentionally and unintentionally manipulated in laboratories, the epidemiology of each of them , the warning signs and symptoms that must be taken into account and the prevention strategies that must be taken into account to avoid risks of the appearance of occupational disease related to mishandling or occupational accidents. The attendance was much higher than expected and, according to what was stated by the attendees, the learning expectations related to the topic discussed were met. Likewise, the importance of the subject is such that it is necessary to create spaces that allow expanding the training possibilities for personnel who are exposed to this type of risk, especially those professionals who do not belong to the health field and who Due to their area of competence, they are not trained in health prevention for this type of biological agents. KEY WORDS: occupational health , infectious diseases, education

Topic: Education Sciences

A COMPARATIVE READING ON THE CONCEPT OF THE ABSURD CONDITION OF HUMAN EXISTENCE, BETWEEN ALBERT CAMUS AND JEAN GRONDIN.

MELO MU�OZ CHRISTIAN GEOVANNY ¹,
¹ University of Valle,

Email: ¹ melo.christian@correounivalle.edu.co,

Abstract: This article aims to interpret and criticize the concept of absurdity (also named non-sense) presented in Albert Camus's book The Myth of Sisyphus. The interpretation will be carried out according to a reading of the postulates presented in the book The sense of life by author Jean Grondin. Grondin reveals epistemic, linguistic, and methodological gaps and contradictions in those existentialist philosophers as Albert Camus, who stated that individuals should embrace the absurd condition of human existence, that is, the futile acceptance that life has no meaning or sense. Therefore, Jean Grondin exposes absurdity as a paradox: accepting that life has no meaning requires, at first, the acceptance that life has or had already one. So, absurd becomes just a feeling that follows reasoning and the conclusion that we, human beings, are cognitively limited to comprehend the sense of life. It means life has a meaning, but we are not allowed to reach it.

Topic: Conflict and Peace

ANALYSIS OF LAW 1448 OF 2011 ON THE VICTIMS OF THE ARMED CONFLICT IN THE CATATUMBO NORTE DE SANTANDER AREA 2016-2019.

MONSALVE G�MEZ MARTHA ISABEL ¹, RINC�N MORALES EDDY KARIME ², RINC�N MORALES MARISOL ³,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCSICO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ³ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER,

Email: ¹ Marthaisabelmg@ufps.edu.co, ² Eddykarierm@ufps.edu.co, ³ marisolrm@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: This research is based on Analyzing Law 1448 of 2011 On The Victims Of The Armed Conflict In The Area Of Catatumbo Norte de Santander 2016-2019, it arises as a response of the national legislature to the violent problem of our country, through this law, the fundamental right of the victims was recognized. One of the problems of repairs, according to Martha Minow (1998), lies in the search to repair the irreparable. In the population of Catatumbo, human rights are violated by armed groups outside the law and part of the national army. One of the most important and representative advances that the Colombian government has made in favor of the victims of the armed conflict has been the enactment of Law 1448 of 2011, Victims and Land Restitution Law, which contains a set of care measures, comprehensive assistance and reparation for those who, under the terms of the law, are considered victims of the internal armed conflict. However, leaving as a relevant consequence the obligation on the part of the State to vindicate the dignity of the victims who have suffered damages as a consequence of the infractions of International Humanitarian Law or of serious or manifest violations of international Human Rights norms during the conflict , to make effective the enjoyment of the rights to truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-repetition, thus materializing their constitutional rights. In conclusion, the type of research that was applied is qualitative research whose objective is to explain, predict, describe or explore the "why" or the nature of the links with the population under study and in terms of the hermeneutical method legal study is the interpretation of the rules, laws and legal texts. The Internal Armed Conflict:Loss of identity, uprooting are phenomena faced by a certain population, due to unjustified violence. (Law 387, 1997). Regarding human rights, they are the instruments and mechanisms to control and limit the action of the state, and the compass of social efforts to achieve the common good. Qualitative research was chosen, the objective of qualitative research is to explain, predict, describe or explore the "why" or the nature of the links between unstructured information. Research Approach The research focus is legal hermeneutics is an important first step in the materialization of the legal method. The focus of the research is legal hermeneutics is an important first step in the materialization of the legal method, a considerable theoretical effort to methodologically integrate aspects such as the context of the interpretation or the subjective dimension of the same without renouncing the substantive and procedural values of the Legal method, that is, to the ideals of certainty and security, the Key Subjects in this investigation are the Victims of the conflict in the Catatumbo Region. Keywords: 1-Internal Armed Conflict, 2- Human Rights, 3 4-Forced Displacement, 5-Justice, 6-Victims 7-Law 1448.8- International Humanitarian Law

Topic: Conflict and Peace

CHALLENGES OF HIGHER EDUCATION TO STRENGTHEN THE PEDAGOGY OF PEACE, IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE POST-CONFLICT IN THE POPULATION OF THE CORREGIMENTO DE JUAN FRIO -MUNICIPALITY OF VILLA DEL ROSARIO

TRUJILLO TOSCANO LUIS EDUARDO ¹, MONSALVE G�MEZ MARTHA ISABEL ²,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCSICO DE PAULA SANTANDER,

Email: ¹ letrujil@ufps.edu.co, ² Marthaisabelmg@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The present research "Challenges of Higher Education to strengthen the Pedagogy of Peace, in the Framework of the Post-Conflict in the Population of the Corregimiento de Juan Frio Municipality of Villa del Rosario" aims to strengthen the Pedagogy of Peace, in the population of this district marked by violence in previous years, and evidencing the violation of the fundamental rights of the inhabitants of this area, regardless of sex, gender, or age, with this research it is sought that the population through the pedagogy of peace, can strengthen the social fabric of this community, where through higher education they are guided in the accompaniment to generate the culture of peace, and this in turn is transmitted and replicated from generation to generation, to achieve recollection, and forgiveness, and forgetting, in the post-conflict framework as fundamental elements the union and social construction in the community. Quoting Abraham Magendzo (2000), he affirmed: that human rights should be the ethical foundation of a new educational paradigm of an education Liberating research; transforming and educating for citizenship; The armed conflict is the violent manifestation of groups outside the law towards vulnerable populations, which are usually found in the parts where there is less presence of the State and where the most degrading atrocities are committed against the human being;That is why, in view of the magnitude of the scourge, studies have been carried out on the subject trying to find alternative solutions, hence, in this work the consequences of the armed conflict in the township of Juan Fr�o, one of the one of the greatest recipients of the scourge, which worsened at the beginning of the year 2000, at a time when the community of Juan Fr�o suffered a social crisis, due to the atrocious attacks by the paramilitaries, which killed approximately 560 people on the Frontiers front, and many more to disappear, the actions of these groups led to the partial destruction of the town and its inhabitants: on a physical and psychological level, it is committed to the recovery of the social fabric of the Juan Fr�o district is based on implementing efficiently what is established in the National Constitution of Colombia. It is proposed to identify the causes that generated the armed conflict and the violation of their rights and n the population, determine the armed actors and the types of violence generated, carry out a socioeconomic characterization. The type of research to be developed is quali-quantitative, with an exploratory-descriptive design, together two instruments are designed and applied, one type survey consisting of 127 items for a sample of 48 people belonging to social organizations of the district under study, being in its totality a population 150 inhabitants. A convenience sample is selected, the semi-structured interview is also applied to 5 leaders of each of the organizations. Keywords: Pedagogy, Culture of Peace, Population, Human Rights, Education, Legal Support, Post-conflict.

Topic: Conflict and Peace

COLLECTIVE MEMORY RECONSTRUCTION: CHRONICLES TO MAKE VISIBLE THE LGBTIQ COMMUNITY VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE IN COLOMBIA, THE CASE OF NORTE DE SANTANDER STATE.

CHIA ESTUPI�AN LUIS ERNESTO ¹, MORANTES P�REZ MAYER STEPHANNY ²,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ luisernestocest@ufps.edu.co, ² mayerstephannymper@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: This research looks forward to reconstruct the individual and collective memory of LGBTIQ community members who were victims of the armed conflict in Norte de Santander state in Colombia, through the production of chronicles that portray the experiences of this community, which has been object of discrimination and violence within the frame time of Colombian�s arm conflict. On the other hand, the choice of the population under study is justified taking into consideration the constant invisibility of the LGBTIQ community, showing that in Colombia the situation is discouraging. According to the Victims Unit (2020) 4,088 persons that belong to the LGBTIQ community were recognized as victims of the internal armed conflict in the country. The above mentioned gives certainty of the existence of a significant number of people who were violated by armed actors such as FARC, the paramilitaries and the Public Force itself, in a systematic and premeditated manner. Likewise, a similar context is presented in Norte de Santander state, since there is a registry of 210 LGBTIQ victims, according to the National Information Network (2021). Therefore, this project finds in the reconstruction of memory the necessary milestones to vindicate a community that for years has been violated and made invisible in Norte de Santander state, as well as empowering the victims in their internal reparation process, all this, from social communication. The methodology to be used is qualitative, with instruments such as in-depth interviews, focus groups and workshops.

Topic: Conflict and Peace

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE TOWNSHIP OF LA VICTORIA

MOJICA CARVAJAL DEIVER ANTONIO ¹, NAVARRO GALLARDO DANNY MARCELA ², JAIMES MARQUEZ MARITZA CAROLINA ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ deiverantoniomc@ufps.edu.co, ² dannymarcelang@ufps.edu.co, ³ maritzacarolinajm@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The main objective of this research is to recognize community participation in the protection of the environment in the township of La Victoria (2021-2). Considering that environmental problems are an important and interesting element to address and investigate, given the relationship and interaction between humanity and nature, in which the current way of life has managed to destroy and diminish the finite capacity of natural resources, the biodiversity and ecosystems that meet human needs. From the paradigm of critical theory, the participation of the community to protect the environment is analyzed, inquiring about the ways in which they participate and the concerns of people for the environmental problems that surround them, in social, political and economic aspects. The study sample is intentional, with 10 participants, between the ages of 20 and 70, male and female, with a heterogeneous level of education and socioeconomic stratum. The instruments to be used are: focus group and semi-structured interview. It is important to mention that this process will be supported by the use of ICT, being these tools that allow reaching the community to expand the information and have better access to it.

Topic: Conflict and Peace

COMPLEMENTARY CURRENCY FOR SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION: THE MONETARY TECHNOLOGIES NECESSARY FOR ITS SUSTAINABILITY

ORZI RICARDO ¹,
¹ Universidad Nacional de Lujan (UNLu) y Universidad Abierta Interamericana (UAI),

Email: ¹ ricardoorzi@gmail.com,

Abstract: Abstract: Since 2005, at the National University of Luj�n (UNLu) and since 2007 at the Inter-American Open University (UAI) we have been working on social currencies. For more than fifteen years we have studied and collaborated in the creation of these complementary currencies, whose designers had decided to work outside the circuit generated by the monopoly in the issuance of the official currency. Presently, we live in a constant process of �commodification�, where "almost" everything is mediated by money, almost everything we consume, we buy, currency and credit have become essential for our day to day. We live in a market society, as Polanyi suggested, where both the paper currency minted by central banks, as well as electronic money, which is issued through this secondary creation of money by commercial banks, are the necessary means to acquire the goods we consume. The monopoly of the issuance and control of monetary circulation, which has been exercised, until now, by the central and commercial banks, proved devoid of tools to control these excesses of the concentrated financial system and to ensure the monetary circulation in the popular sectors, because it is in those sectors where the currency always becomes scarce. Let us remember that, today, 95% of the money that circulates in the economy is not paper money, but is electronic money, created by commercial banks, which has changed even the logic of the banking system as an intermediary, since today there are loans that create deposits and not as we studied in economics manuals. To be able to speak of social currency we need to re-characterize the official currency, to denature both the currency and the markets. We need to remember that the official currency is an unconscious product of the modern worldview of the industrial age and responds to the imperatives of its origin, national states that, allied with a nascent bourgeoisie, needed to establish themselves in a capitalist system that was going through its first stages of development. Therefore, it is a currency that reproduces the principles that structure capitalism, a currency that promotes the paradigm of permanent growth, in a world that today we recognize as limited, the prevalence of the practice of competition over cooperation, and the model of a society made up of individuals who seek only their own personal satisfaction, as Lietaer already anticipated in 2005. In this context, starting in the 1980s, but especially since the 2008 crisis, we perceive the emergence of complementary currencies and social currencies, created by a community that decided to exercise its citizen power and generate a means of exchange and payment, wherever the official currency was scarce. With this instrument, they prevented, in part, that the crisis would end the local economies. Currently there are about 5000 enterprises and experiences of complementary and social currencies. For us, the creation of a local monetary system allows generating money where there is none, it promotes an increase in the level of activity, but it also generates citizenship, a citizenship aware that through the creation and management of the organization of currency circulation can make a perceptible intervention in the reality they live: managing their own money, which incorporates their own values, they can solve day-to-day situations, but also contribute to the development of their communities and participate by assisting the population that most need it. The exposition will be developed following this order: we will try first to situate ourselves in the global financial economic context, which forces us to talk about local development and the necessary complementation with a currency that is different from the official currency; then we will characterize complementary currency as a different institution from the official currency; later we will describe -within the so-called complementary currencies- the social currencies. Finally, through a brief explanation of some cases, we are going to analyze the different technologies that make these means of exchange and payment more sustainable and more effective: oxidation, backup, and the new monetary technologies that also introduces in the field of information sciences.

Topic: Conflict and Peace

RECONSTRUCTION OF HISTORICAL MEMORY IN LA FORTALEZA (C�CUTA) DURING 2021 THROUGH AUDIOVISUAL, PHOTOGRAPHIC AND RADIO PRODUCTION

ROJAS JAIMES LAURA CAMILA ¹, G�MEZ GELVES JOHAN ARMANDO ²,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ lauracamilarj@ufps.edu.co, ² johanarmandogg@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: This qualitative research is focused on the reconstruction of the historical memory of the Colombian armed conflict and Venezuelan migration in the La Fortaleza settlement of the city of C�cuta through audiovisual, radio and photographic production from which three research subgroups emerge. It is important to clarify that this summary is presented by the audiovisual production of the project whose instrument for collecting information is the semi-structured interview and the life stories of the victims and migrants, who are involved in a space of identification and recognition of events that occurred in previous years. Regarding audiovisual production, the specific objective is to produce a documentary miniseries composed of six chapters with an approximate duration of 5 to 10 minutes each, based on the documentary genre with an interactive approach, which emphasizes the testimonies and the predominance of the dialogue. According to the narrative that the miniseries will have, the non-continuous classification has been selected, that is, the sequence of the episodes independently. Within the theoretical references of the research, Mate (2006) finds that he analyzes the terms of history and memory as appropriations of the past, and takes into account the forgetting that is constituted in two ways: the first, which refers to the ignorance of the facts associated with ignorance, and the other, which corresponds to downplaying what happened in relation to injustice. It also recognizes the importance of a unique historical past that happens without a trace. In this way, memory rescues the events that are not recorded within the official archives, but are told by the victims that history tried to silence. The development of this project will allow to expand the knowledge that is had on these particular subjects (armed conflict and migration). Currently the present investigation is in progress, and it is expected to intervene in the La Fortaleza community in the first semester of 2022 to carry out the pre-production, production and post-production processes. For them, they have the technical script instruments, a recording plan for television and photography, an interview format and the structure of a series of workshops with which it is intended to contextualize the community on the concepts of memory, historical memory and production of contents.

Topic: Conflict and Peace

TEXTILE NARRATIVES ON GENDER VIOLENCE WITH THE SURVIVING WOMEN, AND THEIR DESCENDANTS, OF THE MASSACRE OF NOVEMBER 16, 1949 IN EL CARMEN, NORTE DE SANTANDER

SANGUINO TRILLOS LINETH MARCELA ¹, ABRIL SOTO DANIELA MAR�A ²,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ lsanguino0303@gmail.com, ² danielamariaasot@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: This social intervention-type project seeks to reconstruct the historical memory of the surviving women, and their descendants, of the El Carmen massacre, a municipality in Norte de Santander. The way to achieve the objective is the weaving of backpacks, turning them into memory collecting instruments. Considering that the conflict environment is everyday and that gender violence is subsumed by social violence (Torres, 2015), we understand how necessary it is to give visibility to this type of violence, to try, with increasing force, remove from anonymity the aggressions that are exerted on women because of their gender, and being seen as a territory of conquest or as a means to demonstrate power. This research seeks to become an instrument so that these women can tell what they have been silent so far, this being a form of vindication and healing with respect to the past. The research approach will be carried out from a qualitative approach, in which it will have key actors, such as the women of El Carmen, survivors of the massacre carried out on November 16, 1949 and the descendants of the survivors (daughters and granddaughters). Finally, the body mapping and the semi-structured interview will be adopted as information gathering means. As a fundamental element for the development of the project, the fabric will be used as a means of communication with women, in order to consolidate bases to generate trust and from there, build the story.

Topic: Conflict and Peace

THE SCHOOL IS AN OASIS THAT SHOULD NOT DIE: THE RESIGNATION OF THE CATATUMBO SCHOOL FROM THE VOICES OF THE STUDENTS

URBINA C�RDENAS JES�S ERNESTO URBINA C�RDENAS ¹,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula santander,

Email: ¹ jesusurbina@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Approach to the problematic issue. Catatumbo constitutes a rich territory affected by all forms of violence. The poverty rate reaches 53%, a percentage that exceeds the national average, only 27% of the population has potable water coverage. Three of the municipalities that make up this area are among the 10 towns in the country with the highest number of hectares of coca leaf planted: Tib� with 16,096, Sardinata with 5,047 and Tarra with 4,916 hectares (North Santander Departmental Development Plan 2020- 2023). The instability of the territory is exacerbated by four phenomena: the exponential growth of illicit crops, the regulation and instability produced by the confrontation of different armed groups, the growth of insecurity and its humanitarian impact, and the crisis that originates with Venezuelan migration (FIP, 2020). The public university cannot turn its back on this reality, a reflection and redirection of the social responsibility policy is necessary. In this general framework, this presentation presents the SCHOOL representations of a group of students who attend a Rural Educational Center of Catatumbo, (Fin� Project, code: PFC 012-2020). Guiding question. How do the students of an educational center in Catatumbo represent the school and how from these new meanings is it possible to create a teacher training program in the UFPS faculty of education? Methodology. It is based on the proposal called Creative and Transformative Action Research (Urbina & P�rez, 2017), of a mixed type, includes immersions in the territory and data collection through interviews and focus groups. It receives contributions from the Theory of Social Representations (Moscovici, 1979; Weisz, 2017) and the Grounded Theory of Strauss and Corbin (2002). It was carried out in three phases: (a) Interactive work with the participants; (b) holding workshops and gathering information; (c) conversational groups for the discussion of the findings. Eight students from a Catatumbo school participate: (8) female and three (3) male, between 14 and 16 years old. The information was analyzed using the Constant Comparison Method (CCM), data reduction, systematization and interpretation through line-to-line coding, grouping of relevant concepts, and determination of macro-categories (Charmaz, 2006). First, the intersubjective process of data construction is made explicit, and then the relationships of trust and difficulty involved in this process are shown. Both the findings inherent to this epistemological exercise, as well as the meanings of school for these young people are exposed (Arias, 2017). Results. The representations of rural school are shown beyond the idea of training space (Larrosa, 2019), understood as the space where the community protects the social fabric that has been decomposed by illegal actors, an open place where things other than the coercion to which they are subjected by those who hold the weapons, an oasis that should not die, because it represents the meeting point and the axis of the community (Boix, 2014). Conclusions: The elements detected contribute to the need to rethink from the Faculty of education, the approach to teacher training. It is not enough to train teachers with high disciplinary skills, it is necessary to understand the representations of school and pedagogy, from the point of view of its actors; and from these meanings, propose a new teacher training program. Bibliographic references Arias, J (2017). Problemas y retos de la educaci�n rural colombiana. Revista Educaci�n y ciudad, (33), 53-62. https://doi.org/10.36737/01230425.v0.n33.2017.1647 Boix, R. (2014). La escuela rural en la dimensi�n territorial. Revista Innovaci�n educativa, (24), 98-97. https://doi.org/10.15304/ie.24.1959 Charmaz, K. Construyendo teor�a fundamentada: una gu�a pr�ctica a trav�s del an�lisis cualitativo. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/39120429_CHARMAZ_Kathy_C_Constructing_Grounded_Theory_a_Practical_Guide_Through_Qualitative_Analysis Larrosa, J. (2019). Esperando no se sabe qu�. Sobre el oficio de profesor. Noveduc. Moscovici, S. (1979). El psicoan�lisis, su imagen y su p�blico. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Huemul. Plan de Desarrollo para Norte de Santander 2020-2023 �MAS OPORTUNIDADES PARA TODOS� http://www.nortedesantander.gov.co/Portals/0/PDD%20NdS%202020-2023%20(Ordenanza%20006%20de%202020).pdf Fundaci�n ideas para la paz - FIP, (2020b). �En qu� va la implementaci�n del Acuerdo de Paz en el Catatumbo? Avances y desaf�os. https://ideaspaz.org/media/website/FIP_CapitolioTerritorio_Vol4_Catatumbo.pdf Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (2002). Bases de la investigaci�n cualitativa: t�cnicas y procedimientos para desarrollar la teor�a fundamentada. Editorial Universidad de Antioquia. Urbina, J. & P�rez, J. (2017). Representaciones sociales de estudiantes de ingenier�a sobre seguridad y salud en el trabajo: Investigar desde problemas significativos de aprendizaje. Revista Educaci�n en Ingenier�a, 12 (23), 35-42. htt

Topic: Conflict and Peace

"TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE AND THE UNIVERSITY AS A SCENARIO OF PEACE".

BARBOSA MONSALVE CANDY SELENE ¹, VILLAMIZAR LAGUADO EDWIN ²,
¹ INDEPENDIENTE, ² ESAP,

Email: ¹ ZELENE007@GMAIL.COM, ² edwvilla_2@hotmail.com,

Abstract: This completed research is titled "Transitional Justice and the University as a Scenario for Peace." Language users access various texts or listen to speech, for this they use the media and symbolic and / or metaphorical structures that lead to the elaboration of apparently personal discursive representations of everyday events, and at the same time, they infer shared social beliefs of a more general nature within the representational framework of the context. In this case, an approach to the transitional justice discourse within a university context in a territory where conflict has prevailed is based on the criterion that any transition to peace faces ideologies acquired, expressed and reproduced by the hegemonic discourse through of agents and discursive strategies of media manipulation.The complex interaction of such discourses, whether of dominant groups, dissidents and opponents within the university context, determine their impact on the imbalance of social equality, and consequently on the reproduction of their inequality. For this reason, the need to train in the field of human rights in the academic horizon is constituted as an axis of a new citizenship, since it allows to face the manipulative discourse of transitional justice, which sustained in old practices of discrimination, exclusion and Polarization; it only exponentially reproduces the rupture of the social fabric.Hence, how pertinent it is to learn to identify, promote and promote an adequate democratic discourse in the university environment around human rights, transitional justice and peace. To do this, it has been proposed to go beyond content analysis by making a firm commitment to a defense of the need to improve traditional methodological designs, resorting to methodological triangulation that led to complementing content analysis through discourse analysis; to delve a little deeper into the critical social and communicative complexity that surrounds the teaching of human rights and transitional justice in times of transition and post-conflict.The appreciative approach implemented in human rights made it possible to guide a pedagogical device on human rights and transitional justice that included cartoons as metaphorical elements in four (4) focus groups made up of sixteen (16) teachers from the Public Administration Program of the Escuela Superior de Public Administration ESAP Territorial Norte de Santander-Arauca, to promote the construction of a more critical and deliberative character capable of reconfiguring the discussions of the transition in the university environment as well as the education of transitional justice. The results made evident a polarized or undemocratic discourse on the part of the majority of teachers towards transitional justice and human rights, which guides the need to take into account a more responsible or appreciative pedagogical approach for their teaching and at the service of the future territorial public administrators. Keywords: Discourses on transitional justice, transitional justice and education, human rights, appreciative approach and culture of peace.

Topic: Conflict and Peace

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS FROM THE REDESIGN OF AN ELECTRONIC SMELL SYSTEM FOR THE BENEFIT OF COCOA QUALITY.

FLOREZ MARTINEZ ALEXANDER ¹, JAIMES ALBARRACIN RICHAR ², VARGAS FL�REZ JES�S OMAR ³, QUINTANA FUENTES LUCAS FERNANDO ⁴,
¹ UNAD, ² UNAD, ³ UNAD, ⁴ UNAD,

Email: ¹ alexander.florez@unad.edu.co, ² richardjasal1981@gmail.com, ³ jesus.vargas@unad.edu.co, ⁴ lucas.quintana@unad.edu.co,

Abstract: The development of the research project optimizes an electronic olfaction system implemented for the benefit of cocoa quality in the post-harvest process, it starts from the precedent of an existing system where the possibility of redesigning the concentration chamber, chamber of measurement and reduction of the multisensory matrix of 9 to 6 sensors from the manufacturer MQ, responsible for perceiving volatile compounds emanating from cocoa samples. For the data acquisition process, an Arduino board with connection to a PC was used and by using the LabVIEW software an algorithm is performed that allows the execution, automatic control of the system and data storage, then the data is analyzed using the algorithm of automatic learning for the purpose of validating the results, which shows that the system has the ability to discriminate the volatiles submitted that correspond to cocoa samples in a fermented, over-fermented and dry state with a total variance percentage of 86%.

Topic: Control and Automation

CONTROL OF A PITCH SYSTEM FOR A HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE ROTOR

MORENO GARCIA FRANCISCO ERNESTO ¹, SANDOVAL MARTINEZ GLORIA ESMERALDA ², CAICEDO MEDINA CHARLIE YAMIR ³, PABON SILVA JONATHAN FREYBERTH ⁴,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ³ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ⁴ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER,

Email: ¹ femgarcia@ufps.edu.co, ² gloriaesmeraldasm@ufps.edu.co, ³ charlieyamircm@ufps.edu.co, ⁴ jonathanfreyberthandresps@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: A first research phase on wind turbines controlled by pitch systems is presented. The rotor of a three-blade wind turbine was characterized and a pitch angle change mechanism was developed by regulating the inclination of the blades by controlling the revolutions per minute (RPM). Using proportional derivative control (PD) in circuit, incidence angle increments are found that reduce RPM by 30%. 50 RPM generated satisfactory relative stability, but 70 RPM generated blade turbulence.

Topic: Control and Automation

COVID-19 AND CHILDREN WHO ARE VICTIMS OF FORCED DISPLACEMENT

HERNANDEZ GRANADOS LIANY YETZIRA ¹, OSORIO SANCHEZ EDUARDO GABRIEL ²,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ lianyyetzirahg@ufps.edu.co, ² eduardogabrielos@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The present investigation was carried out by means of a qualitative methodology, with emphasis on the hermeneutical method and documentary analysis; the main objective is to analyze the current pandemic situation caused by COVID 19 in relation to children and adolescents who are victims of internal forced displacement in Colombia, in line with the humanitarian crisis of the victims of the conflict. The emergency measures adopted at the national and regional levels have impacted on the effective enjoyment of rights by the most vulnerable populations, especially internally displaced children and adolescents, who have been led to a health, socioeconomic and economic crisis. of protection. In this sense, the UN special rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons has stated that this population has a greater risk of exposure to the coronavirus, given their limited access to sanitation, food, housing, water and care. health, increasing their vulnerability to the continuation of the conflict, and in turn to forced displacement; as well as the need for differentiated attention to the displaced population in the State's offer regarding the health emergency, in attention to the principles of non-discrimination and a differential approach as a materialization of the right to equality. In the case of children and adolescents, they are especially vulnerable to isolation measures that expose them to domestic violence, mainly in conditions of poverty or overcrowding, due to unsanitary conditions and the lack of basic tools for adequate practices. hygiene or for access to digital platforms preventing their right to education, exposing them to forced recruitment.

Topic: Law

LIMITS TO FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION ON SOCIAL MEDIA

CASADIEGOS SANTANA MARTIN HUMBERTO ¹, CARRASCAL VERGEL ANA MARIA ², JAIME JAIME LIZBETH ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Oca�a, ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER OCA�A , ³ UNIVERSIDAD FRNACISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER OCA�A ,

Email: ¹ mhcasadiegoss@ufpso.edu.co, ² amcarrascalv@ufpso.edu.co, ³ ljaimej@ufpso.edu.co,

Abstract: The modern printing press arises in the middle of the 15th century and with it we begin the emergence of a series of rights that are consolidated through the history of the positive law of humanity. At the end of the 20th century, the printing press maintained its dominant position as an invention for the dissemination of ideas, texts, laws and information, however with the empowerment of the internet and the emergence of social networks, the monopoly of information at the head of the media communication, begins to present a turn, where individuals using their creed profiles for social networks, see the possibility of disseminating ideas, criticism and other information. The freedom of expression that begins its materialization process from the moment in which an individual expresses his ideas with the aim of disseminating them publicly, finds its greatest stage in the use of the printing press, radio and television, as means of communication. massive that were originally under the dominion and management of the State. With the emergence of the Internet and the empowerment of social networks, by individuals, the monopoly of information would no longer be under the discretion and care of the mass media and the State, but would take a turn to that anyone who had information of importance and interest, could disseminate it without major limitations. This scenario of guarantee in the full exercise of the right to freedom of expression seems to be a fact of a positive. However, the absence of controls on the use of networks and expressions by individuals of all kinds, made us think that the first fundamental right of an absolute nature would be in the process of being built, which would operate without any type of attributable file. However, from legal hermeneutics in the construction, study, analysis and application of constitutional principles, translated as fundamental rights, in constitutional and democratic states, rights operate under limits of normative interrelation that must respect the interaction with other rights that are They are attributable to other people, therefore no fundamental right can be absolute, since you must understand this weighting logic. In this order, the present academic work has as its main objective the study of the limits of the fundamental right to freedom of expression in social networks, analyzed under the legal order of the constitutionality block, in order to establish the scope and limits in the normative and jurisprudential development of the right to freedom of expression in social networks by natural persons.

Topic: Law

DESIGN OF DIGITAL STRATEGY FOR THE DISSEMINATION OF RESEARCH EVENTS OF THE UNAD SEEDBEDS APPLYING THE CONCEPTS OF UX AND UI.

SERRANO ARIAS WILMER NEMESIO ¹,
¹ UNAD,

Email: ¹ wnserranoa@unadvirtual.edu.co,

Abstract: The internet became one of the most important means for information management, which has allowed different forms of knowledge construction to be generated. The development of different strategies in the user experience area makes it possible to strengthen and make training and research activities visible in a clearer and more intuitive way, in the visualization of the different UNAD seedbeds. The web application will comply with the different usability standards and with a friendly interface for the eyes, in order that the information that will be displayed from the different scientific events and other types related to the research that is carried out of each of the seedbeds, with the aim of centralizing all the scientific disclosures carried out by the different seedbeds of the CCAV C�cuta, which will be the first to test the platform and validate its proper functioning.

Topic: Technology Development and Innovation

DEVELOPMENT OF THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE TRANSESTERIFICATION PROCESS FOR OBTAINING BIODIESEL USING THE MICROWAVE RADIATION-ASSISTED HYDRODESTILATION METHOD

MENESES DURAN JOSE LEONARDO ¹, HERRERA SUSA DANIEL ANDREY ², BERM�DEZ SANTAELLA JOSE RICARDO ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ joseleonardomd@ufps.edu.co, ² danielandreyhs@ufps.edu.co, ³ josericardobs@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: In this research work, the processes that are involved in the production of biodiesel will be optimized by means of the hydrodistillation method assisted by microwave radiation. This product was obtained with an efficiency in alkaline homogeneous catalytic transesterification of 81% in a process with a duration of 7 minutes, which in its B20 proportion, showed dominant conditions in terms of power, torque and improvement of the percentage of emissions in tests with an internal combustion engine. In this research project, the process of homogeneous alkaline catalytic transesterification assisted by microwave radiation, is based on the development of its mathematical models, to be able to identify which, between two processes; continuous and discontinuous, better yields and better quality of biodiesel production are obtained. In this way, the discontinuous process is about relating the mixture (alcohol, oil and catalyst), submerged in a flask, where it will react with the assistance of microwave radiation and evaporate. In the continuous process, the mixture will be subjected to fluid movement dynamics in a heat exchanger and the process will also be assisted by radiation. Initially, the dynamic characteristics (speed, temperature, radiation, flow, chemical kinetics) will be obtained, and the comparison between them will be made in order to identify with which better yields are obtained, this will be determined by means of the results that will be obtained by the simulations in the computer tool Simulink. Next, the control strategy will be designed that will allow a stable speed to homogenize the mixture within the flask and control the flow of the mixture within the exchanger as a function of time. After obtaining the concentration relationships, we will proceed to design the physical parameters that demonstrate to improve the process in terms of quality, speed, precision and efficiency, and thus, contribute with these models to produce a biodiesel that duly complies with the standards of national (NTC) and international (ASTM-EN) standards.

Topic: Technology Development and Innovation

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES, GROWTH AND PERSPECTIVES IN NORTE SANTANDEREANAS MIPYMES TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC.

VILLAMIZAR NU�EZ CESAR ANTONIO ¹, ADARME JAIMES MARCO ANTONIO ², RIVERA SIERRA EDUARDO ³,
¹ SENA, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Sena,

Email: ¹ cavillamizar@sena.edu.co, ² madarme@ufps.edu.co, ³ erivera@sena.edu.co,

Abstract: Digital transformation processes are a challenge for MiPymes due to the impact of the operational changes caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, resulting in companies having to change their traditional work model to activities that involve a more excellent and more effective use of information technologies. Through SENA, the National Government has implemented consulting and advisory strategies in digital transformation through the #MiPymeSeTransforma line. During 2020, for two cycles of accompaniment, about 130 Northern Santanderean MiPymes were advised, in which three impact indicators were managed, the first includes "Customer acquisition and digital channels" with this is meant to introduce the company in the use of e-Marketing, the second "sales and digital channels" and strengthening the use of e-commerce and all its channels, Finally, "optimization process" including the use of information systems and cloud virtualization and service-oriented architectures. The study includes a review of the implementation of digital transformation strategies through the three impact indicators, emphasizing strengths and areas for improvement taking into account the pandemic period. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the importance of the adoption of technology in areas such as virtualization, digital platforms, information security, and emerging technologies; likewise, it shows how companies adopt in an agile way the use of social networks for their marketing activities, it is also necessary the adoption of data management policies that prove to be incipient in the great majority of companies.

Topic: Technology Development and Innovation

IMPACT MEASUREMENT MODEL FOR SOCIAL PROJECTS OF THE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PROGRAM OF THE UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER (UFPS).

RODRIGUEZ TENJO JUDIH DEL PILAR ¹, GALLARDO PEREZ OSCAR ALBERTO ²,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ judithdelpilarrt@ufps.edu.co, ² oscargallardo@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Summary. The Systems Engineering program understands Social Projection as the educational action oriented towards the community with the fundamental purpose of developing in the teachers and students of the program, feelings of solidarity and social responsibility towards the community that are manifested through interaction and service projects that aim to improve the quality of teaching and the quality of life, confronting theory with practice in a real field of application, always trying to benefit the communities. Social Projection, as a substantive function, makes the University visible through the articulation of socially relevant research and teaching; it promotes the development of the intellectual capacities of students, through curricular strategies and research dynamics guided by teachers, which allow leading, together, social processes. Based on the initiative, projects have been formulated and implemented, but to date there is no formal model for measuring their impact. The objective is to present a proposal for a measurement model to evaluate the impact of the social projects of the UFPS Systems Engineering Program. The method to be followed is based on a documentary review, a descriptive study taking as a basis the Methodology for Project unification and development such as Scrum for Project Management, the Impact Measurement Initiative Methodology - IMI, the Logical Framework Methodology and the General Theory of Systems to understand the global context of the social responsibility projects of the academic program. Allowing to reflect the logical structure and the scientific rigor of the research process from the mentioned methodologies, as well as the use of techniques and the application of instruments. As a result, it is expected to analyze the social responsibility projects in the Systems Engineering Program of the UFPS, to compile indicators for the measurement of the social impact in technical-social projects developed within the Program, to determine the indicators for the measurement of the impact in social projects taking into account national and international references and to propose an impact measurement model for the social responsibility projects generated by the Systems Engineering Program. It is concluded that there is a need to continue doing research of this type that can be seen from other perspectives.

Topic: Technology Development and Innovation

IMPLEMENTATION OF A VIDEO GAME PROTOTYPE AS SUPPORT TO PROFESSIONAL GUIDANCE FOR MIDDLE EDUCATION STUDENTS. CASE STUDY INSTITUCI�N EDUCATIVA SAN JOS� DE C�CUTA

OJEDA MELGAREJO CAMILO ANDRES ¹, MENDOZA G�FARO RICHARD ELISEO ²,
¹ universidad de pamplona, ² Universidad de Pamplona,

Email: ¹ caom-1998@hotmail.com, ² remendozag@unipamplona.edu.co,

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to improve the decision-making of high school students from the Colegio San Jos� de C�cuta educational institution when selecting their professional career, through the creation of a video game prototype in which a process of orientation to young people providing tools that contribute to the construction of their life project. In the same way, trying to promote that video games can serve to advise on the choice of university careers, and in addition to the fundamental objective of the project, the student is provided with the possibility of learning about the state of current trends in the labor market. Thus demonstrating that video games allow exploring and identifying perceptions, emotions, thoughts and activities that young people manifest and carry out, since we can distinguish their aptitudes and abilities. That said, it is proposed to model a video game to support the professional orientation of high school students from the San Jos� de C�cuta educational institution, with the intention of motivating students to enter a higher education institution and subsequently support them in their development. educational and professional. Therefore, the video game will focus on carrying out an orientation process that allows to recognize interests, abilities and favor the cognitive processes related to assertive decision making, giving the student the necessary tools to identify their vocation.

Topic: Technology Development and Innovation

METHODOLOGY FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ENMS IN A COKER PLANT IN NORTE DE SANTANDER.

AMADOR MARTINEZ SERGIO ANDRES ¹,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ sergioandresam@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The constant business growth of Carbomax de Colombia SAS, currently ranked eighth out of the thousand companies of the year in Colombia, according to the portfolio magazine in its July 2021 edition, glimpses its corporate evolution, therefore, from the group of research of advanced processes and minerals (GIPROMAX) proposes the development of various projects that have a positive environmental impact, which contribute to the reduction of GHG and the environmental commitment of the company in accordance with national and international policies in relation to the care and preservation of the environment, therefore, the development of an energy management system in our main production plant in the northern region of Santander will serve as a benchmark for other companies, national and international, as an example of responsibility and work for growth socio-economic and sustainable production processes implementation. The project sought to create and implement an Energy Management System developed under the principle of continuous improvement, the PDCA cycle, initiating this process with an energy census of the equipment and supplies used in each production area, taking into account the uses and Significant consumption of the different energy sources used, this, in order to establish the objectives and goals that were to be achieved and thus propose the most appropriate route of action. These proposals were classified according to the level of investment required and the projected completion time. Subsequently, work continued on applying low investment corrective activities, linking all staff through talks and training on awareness and business and environmental responsibility. As the main objective of the project, the Energy Management System document for the Indumax plant was built and it was socialized with the administrative staff, reminding them of the commitment, importance and benefits that compliance with the recommendations and proposals here displayed would bring to the company.

Topic: Technology Development and Innovation

OUTSURING IT SERVICES IN PUBLIC COMPANIES IN THE ELECTRICAL SECTOR.

PALMERA QUINTERO LUIS MANUEL ¹,
¹ Universidad Francisco Paula Santander Oca�a,

Email: ¹ lmpalmera04@gmail.com,

Abstract: This research article is based on the design of a model for outsourcing IT services in public companies in the electricity sector, which is in accordance with the main needs that arise within the information technology area of the company. The model is proposed within the COBIT 2019 standard for being the most complete and appropriate currently for IT management, which focuses on supporting processes, sub-processes, measurement and continuous improvement in the quality of the provision of the services offered. both from the perspective of stakeholders and the organization. The management model was developed under a descriptive approach and quantitative research, supported by the development of an instrument which served to make a diagnosis of the real state of the company. The model is based on the PDCA cycle which is based on satisfying the needs of the interested parties, allowing to guarantee the fulfillment of the institutional objectives, objectives related to information technology and specific objectives of the company, which are very useful. to ensure the alignment of needs complying with the organizational policies presented by the company when choosing a provider to outsource IT services. Meeting the goals that must be prioritized when contracting with an IT service provider, they must be aligned with the objectives of the company, where all financial dimensions that may be exposed to risk or threats are involved.

Topic: Technology Development and Innovation

OUTSURING IT SERVICES IN PUBLIC COMPANIES IN THE ELECTRICAL SECTOR.

PALMERA QUINTERO LUIS MANUEL ¹,
¹ Universidad Francisco Paula Santander Oca�a,

Email: ¹ lmpalmera04@gmail.com,

Topic: Technology Development and Innovation

POST-COVID E-COMMERCE WEB APPLICATION FOR THE COMMERCIALIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF NORTE DE SANTANDER

MOGOLLON BUENO NELCY ¹, MADARIAGA SUAREZ ENILSA REBECA ², PE�A MURILLO ZULEIMA ³,
¹ Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje -SENA , ² Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje -SENA , ³ Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje -SENA ,

Email: ¹ nmogollon@sena.edu.co, ² ermadariaga8@misena.edu.co, ³ zpena2@misena.edu.co,

Abstract: The objective of the research is to build a post-covid E-commerce web application for the commercialization of agricultural products in the department of Norte de Santander. Evidenced how ICTs are part of daily life, forcing companies in the agricultural sector to reinvent themselves due to the loss of their crops and little commercialization, to sustain the level of sales and consumption of their clients, it is necessary that the associations have a approach with this type of changes by implementing electronic commerce. The methodology to be used is of a qualitative approach and a PHVA cycle, which requires data collection, organization and analysis, so that the small producer appropriates the use of the platform.

Topic: Technology Development and Innovation

TECHNIQUE DIAGNOSES FROM GOLD NANOPARTICLES FOR THE DETECTION OF AMYLOID PROTEINS IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES

ORTIZ NARANJO BRYAN ALEJANDRO ¹, HERRERA MARTINEZ ZEYRIS DAYANNA ²,
¹ Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, ² Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca,

Email: ¹ baortiz@unicolmayor.edu.co, ² zdayannaherrera@unicolmayor.edu.co,

Abstract: ABSTRACT Introduction. Currently, neurodegenerative diseases (ND) are the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, pose a great challenge in the development of tools for early diagnosis, in this sense, advances in science seek sensitive and selective detection systems, therefore in this manuscript will be announced the importance of nanotechnology. Materials and methods. A literature review was conducted on the representative findings of NPs technologies in neurodegenerative diseases. Articles written in both English and Spanish were included. References between 2015-2021 were also taken into account. Results. In one of the most representative techniques, NPAu were specifically implemented, together with a magnetic center composed of magnetite, which has as a specific ligand a C-terminal cysteine domain present in the B-amyloid protein, these adhere directly to the surface of the NP characterizing the anomalous protein. Subsequently, by means of nanosensors capable of detecting and measuring different concentrations, these pathologies are identified at an early stage. Conclusions. With the advent of biotechnology today, it has been possible to design techniques with NPs that allow the identification of specific mutations and provide diagnosis in individuals. In the investigative models of NPAu, it is possible to infer that the capabilities that make them representative focus on their magnetism and biofunctionality, by specifically binding to amyloid peptides and other ligands present in the protein, major components of amyloid plaques used in these studies. Keywords. Nanoparticles, Gold, Magnetite, Amyloid proteins, Neurodegenerative diseases.

Topic: Technology Development and Innovation

TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A SCIENCE CENTER IN THE CITY OF C�CUTA

ARARAT D�AZ PATROCINIO LE�N ¹, C�RDENAS MONCADA BETTY ², PEDROZA ROJAS �LVARO ORLANDO ³,
¹ Fundaci�n Cultural El Cinco a las Cinco, ² Fundaci�n Cultural El Cinco a las Cinco, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ plararatdiaz@gmail.com, ² bettycar50@hotmail.com, ³ alvaroorlandopr@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: ABSTRACT The Cultural Foundation "El Cinco a las Cinco" of the city of C�cuta took up and matured an idea conceived at the end of the last decade of the previous millennium, in the campus of the UFPS, initially oriented to the construction of a Planetarium, to concretize at the present time the creation in the city of a Science Center, aimed at promoting the culture of research and the appropriation and development of Science, Technology and Innovation, with the purpose of contributing to the construction of a knowledge society in the region of �nortesantandereana� and the border region. The article aims, on the one hand, to socialize a project that will definitely be a milestone in the academic history of the city and, on the other hand, to publicly thank the group of more than fifty professionals from different disciplines who, for more than a year, working devotedly and without charging fees, managed to show that it is possible, with a sense of belonging and in a demonstration of synergy and empathy, to give shape to the collective dreams of the city. The article will outline the philosophy of the Science Center, emphasizing the scope of the Universe, Ecology and Environment, Health and Intelligent Life, Science and Technology and Culture Units as a transversal dimension of the Center. The participation in the edition of the VIII International Week of Science, Technology and Innovation, adds to the efforts being led by the Board of Directors of the Eureka Science Center, to socialize its development in different scenarios in the region and, thereby, strengthen the invitation to Higher Education Institutions and with them, to their different levels, to join, as many teachers have already done, as founding strategic allies in the consolidation of what will be, undoubtedly, the most important Science project in the region.

Topic: Technology Development and Innovation

SUSTAINABLE GLAMPING DOME PROTOTYPE TO PROMOTE ECOTOURISM IN CHIN�COTA NORTE DE SANTANDER

JEREZ JOSE LAUREANO ¹, OVALLES PABON FREDDY OSWALDO ²,
¹ Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje SENA, ² Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje SENA,

Email: ¹ joselaureanojerez@gmail.com, ² fovalles@misena.edu.co,

Abstract: As time progresses, human beings have sought to establish spaces that provide accommodation to rest, security to face the climate and protect themselves from the different dangers to which they are exposed in the open; This need has led to the habit of creating stable structures that provide protection and comfort. Camping is an activity that dates back to primitive times and is currently developed for sports, recreational and tourist purposes. The objective of this project is to design a new prototype of tourist accommodation for the use of ecotourism in the municipality of Chin�cota, which is located to the southeast of the Department of Norte de Santander, approximately 40 minutes from the capital of the department. According to the fact that this territory has a natural wealth, history and economic activities such as livestock, agriculture and gastronomy, it becomes a tourist attraction that further boosts the economy of the Nortesantandereana region. This project has a type of applied, experimental and descriptive research, since it implements the Design Thinking methodology in each phase of the project, the purpose of which is to design a prototype of a sustainable glamping dome for the promotion of ecotourism in the municipality of Chin�cota. To meet the objectives of this project, the bibliographic collection of databases is carried out and the information is organized according to the following criteria: components of the structure of a glamping dome and applications for tourism; This information makes it possible to analyze the structure itself and establish operating conditions such as frequency, foundation, floor, structuring, polygons, materials, supplies, advice and treatment of the materials to be used. At this stage of the project, interesting information was found about the domes, such as the self-sustainability of the structure due to its spherical shape, its resistance to climatic factors, the use of natural resources and design freedom are maximized. Once the characteristics of the structure were identified, a comparative analysis was carried out between the different existing structures taking into account the advantages, types of material, characteristics, inputs, climatic behavior, biodegradability, carbon footprint and legal support that supports the current project. Once the characteristics of the glamping dome have been defined, the freehand pre-design is carried out, which will serve as a basis to define the dimensions of the dome, number of joints and define the pre-machining process of the wood. Later, with the use of a simulator such as the Rhinoceros 7 software, it will be evaluated whether it meets the characteristics of a tourist accommodation for the use of ecotourism, otherwise, several modifications will be made to the design. Much of the current research that has focused on 3D modeling has helped generate logarithms to facilitate machining, moving, analyzing compartments and obtaining results. These domes, due to their structure formed by polyhedra, have the ease of assembly and installation, where the assembly task can be carried out by both qualified and unqualified personnel, due to the fact that manuals with clear and precise instructions of the plans of assembly and parts lists. The glamplin dome and Ecotourism will allow many companies to direct the strengthening of the diffusion to this new accommodation trend and therefore will allow economic and social development, project development, direct and indirect job creation in the region.

Topic: Industrial Design

FAMILY AND TRANSGENDER WOMEN, STATE OF THE ART FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A DIVERSE FAMILY OBSERVATORY

CASTRO MART�NEZ JEFER ANTONIO ¹, SISSA RINC�N LAURA LIZETH ²,
¹ Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, ² Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca,

Email: ¹ jantoniocastro@unicolmayor.edu.co, ² lsissa@unicolmayor.edu.co,

Abstract: The documentary research project arises from the interest of contributing to the construction of a diverse family observatory for the Maloka research hotbed of the Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, through the elaboration of a state of the art on the transformations that have family systems when one of its members identifies as a transgender woman. The above, taking into account that the family is the primary nucleus of society, which is constituted through natural and legal ties and by relationships based on equal rights and duties of all its members. (Political Constitution of Colombia, 1991) In addition to this, it can be understood from a systematic view that the family is an organized complexity that is made up of various subsystems in constant interaction (Escartin, 1992). In this sense, the moment one of the family members presents an identity that is not adjusted to the expressions or behaviors that are associated with their sex at birth (American Psychological Association, 2011) and identifies itself as transgender women, repercussions are generated throughout the family system because the issue of transgenderism leads to stigmatization and social exclusion (M�rida, 2005). Likewise, as the family is a system, what affects one member affects all the other members, given the current socio-cultural environment; where there is a predominance of the hegemonic vision of heterosexuality, which functions as a cultural controller and establishes the parameters that personal, relational and social constructions will have (Wittig, 1978), makes the relationships and links that are established in families they are transformed, since, as has already been said, transgenderism becomes an element that breaks through with the imposed sociocultural order. Thus, the methodological approach is carried out from the achievement of the five phases proposed by Consuelo Hoyos Botero (2000) for the elaboration of the state of the art; preparatory phase, descriptive phase, interpretative phase by thematic core, global theoretical construction phase and extension or publication phase. Being hermeneutics, the science that allows the truthful interpretation of the selected texts; in order to understand the current state of knowledge about the object studied and generate new lines of research to expand the knowledge of social reality.

Topic: Inclusive education and pedagogy

FRIENDLY PAIRS AS A STRATEGY FOR PARTICIPATION AND SOCIAL INCLUSION IN UNIVERSITY LIFE

MORENO PACHON ANGELICA LORENA ¹, RICO VILLALOBOS DIANA MARCELA ², MEDINA VARGAS PAULA ANDREA ³, BARRIOS MENESES NORMA ⁴, PALACIOS ROZO JAIRO JAMITH ⁵, ORTIZ QUEVEDO JENNY PATRICIA ⁶,
¹ Universidad Colegion Mayor de cundinamarca , ² Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, ³ Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, ⁴ UNIVERSIDAD COLEGIO MAYOR DE CUNDINAMARCA, ⁵ Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, ⁶ Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca,

Email: ¹ angelicalmoreno@unicolmayor.edu.co, ² dmarcelarico@unicolmayor.edu.co, ³ paulaamedina@unicolmayor.edu.co, ⁴ nbarrios@unicolmayor.edu.co, ⁵ jjpalacios@unicolmayor.edu.co, ⁶ jpatriciaortiz@unicolmayor.edu.co,

Abstract: The university becomes a transformative experience that promotes autonomy, recognition, capacity development and socialization, however, for some students it can represent a series of situations that cause tension in personal and social development, this happens with greater probability in those who do not have enough support. Based on the above, the project �Peer Friends� was born as a joint initiative of the students and Management Tutorials of the Social Work program, framed in the SOMOS Intercultural Encounters Project; which aims to accompany first-semester students in strengthening their training path, promoting the social responsibility of the student community, of the leaders who are motivated by the implementation of said project where the students from the second to eighth semester They promote issues such as caring for oneself and others, trust, social participation and inclusive spaces. On the other hand, the methodology was developed under a sociocultural perspective that is built from cooperative learning, also known as peer learning, fostering dialogic spaces that contribute to improving the academic conditions of the student community. Consequently, emotional learning is fostered from empathy and connection with the peer friend; In addition, self-motivation and improvement in the academic field is promoted, especially in times of the pandemic as a result of COVID-19. Likewise, this proposal strengthens leadership, communication skills, mitigation of academic dropout and greater social participation.

Topic: Inclusive education and pedagogy

FROM THE CRITICAL PEDAGOGY: A VIEW FROM THE TRAINING IN CITIZENSHIP IN THE PROGRAMS OF FACULTY OF EDUCATION, ARTS AND HUMANITIES AT UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, C�CUTA

RAMIREZ AYALA GIOVANNY ¹, RINCON VILLAMIZAR NYDIA MARIA ², MONSALVE G�MEZ MARTHA ISABEL ³,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER , ² UFPS, ³ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCSICO DE PAULA SANTANDER,

Email: ¹ giovannyra@ufps.edu.co, ² aprendizaje2020@gmail.com, ³ Marthaisabelmg@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Abstract. The general purpose of the research is to determine the influence of Critical Pedagogy on citizenship training in students of the Faculty of Education, Arts and Humanities of the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Cucuta; The study identifies various lines of argument of Critical Pedagogy, these emphasize the construction of a social fulfillment for the duty of teachers in terms of the ethical-political perspective, training in public policy; in addition, the discourses for social regulation, cultural teaching, the connection with popular organizations, social and educational movements and critical reflexivity about pedagogical and sociocultural practices. The theoretical references are based on the institution's Critical Dialogical Pedagogical model, which is articulated with Freire's Dialogical Pedagogy and Nussbaum's concept of Citizenship, which leads to the construction of critical and reflective thinking. The methodology is focused on the mixed approach, with a descriptive design for the interpretation of the quantitative data presented in this document. The sample is determined by means of the population, which is made up of the sum of students who are in the eighth and ninth semesters of the Architecture, Social Work, Law, Bachelor of Mathematics and Specialization programs in Pedagogical Practice, to whom applies a survey, which seeks to characterize the current state of civic education in aspects such as non-violence, acceptance of diversity, rejection of any form of discrimination and coexistence in students. One of the most relevant results is that students recognize that teachers almost always create spaces for dialogue and agreement in class and they mostly agree that teachers develop strategies that enable meaningful learning in accordance with the dialogical-critical pedagogical model.

Topic: Inclusive education and pedagogy

LATIN AMERICAN YOUTH AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: A REFLECTION FROM DECOLONITY FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE SOCIAL FABRIC

BARRIOS MENESES NORMA ¹,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD COLEGIO MAYOR DE CUNDINAMARCA,

Email: ¹ nbarrios@unicolmayor.edu.co,

Abstract: When in Colombia and in Latin America they talk about magical realism, they not only talk about our Nobel Prize in literature Gabriel Garc�a M�rquez, they also talk about the environment, politics, the economy, health, education, equity, and the relationship that young people have their territory which is sometimes reflected as if these were strange and unreal scenarios. Based on this, we will take a panoramic look at the conditions of young people in Latin America. 1. YOUTH SEEN FROM THE LIFE CYCLE APPROACH First of all, I would like to invite you to make a recognition of the situation of young people in the region within the framework of the life cycle approach, which allows us to identify the conditions of the population in light of the understanding of vulnerabilities and opportunities from a human development perspective. 2. AND� HOW ARE YOUNG PEOPLE IN LATIN AMERICA? The education: In this historical moment that the region is experiencing on the issue, it is urgent that governments rethink the training processes in terms of inclusion, gender, accessibility, connectivity, teacher training, among many other needs. Health: In this issue there are 3 incident factors at this point, the first adolescent and unwanted pregnancies, violence, trauma caused by traffic accidents and consumption of psychoactive substances and lastly, a high rate of suicide attempts and effectively the consummation of this. Job: By March 2020, the employability situation of young people is somewhat bleak, taking into account that by that date there were 9.4 million unemployed young people in Latin America; more than 30 million are linked to the labor market from informality. At this point, it is striking how women contribute 7% to this population Participation: Historically, young people have contributed with their blood and sweat to the development of their nations, however, they have been invisible and until a little less than 30 years ago, through their struggles and demands, they have managed to be pseudo-included in the political processes in their respective countries. , which has undoubtedly promoted their voices to be heard through collegiate decision-making or consultative bodies. 3) SPEAKING OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, WHAT ARE YOUNG PEOPLE IN LATIN AMERICA DOING? Consequently, with the life cycle approach through which reference is made to opportunities, it is essential to recognize that for this process there are two fundamental elements, the first is due to Social Responsibility, which is closely linked to 3 dimensions keys, among which are: social, environmental and ethics. Now, the second element to reference is the SDGs, which promote the reduction of poverty and inequalities (taking into account that our region is the one with the greatest inequality in the world) 4) YOUTH IN RELATION TO DECOLONITY FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE SOCIAL FABRIC OF THE REGION In relation to this point, hermeneutics in relation to decoloniality is taken as the fundamental axis, it is essential for the young people of the region to build social fabric from a perspective focused on the apprehension of the relationship of human behavior with freedom and recognition of its history; which translates into awareness to achieve autonomy and therefore the achievement of dignity of the life of those who make up modern societies. This exercise must start from a holistic element where it is clear that the experiences related to the enforceability of rights and work oriented towards the benefit of others in order to build social fabric based on their life experiences which build the reality that they are living, taking into account elements such as action as a preconceived project, the investigation of the motives present in those actions and the biographical situation of the subjects.

Topic: Inclusive education and pedagogy

LEARNING ENVIRONMENT BASED ON PROBLEM SOLVING MEDIATED BY GEOGEBRA FOR A REMOTE MODE MATHEMATICS COURSE ASSISTED BY TECHNOLOGY.

CASTA�O MU�OZ MILTON FABI�N ¹, ROMERO AGREDO STEEV ², AR�VALO SOTO ALEXANDER ³,
¹ Instituci�n Universitaria Antonio Jos� Camacho, ² Instituci�n Universitaria Antonio Jos� Camacho, ³ Instituci�n Universitaria Antonio Jos� Camacho,

Email: ¹ mfcastano@admon.uniajc.edu.co, ² sromero@admon.uniajc.edu.co, ³ aarevalo@admon.uniajc.edu.co,

Abstract: This work addresses three specific aspects framed in a research project that seeks implementing a learning environment based on didactic instruments, in order to establish an alternative for teaching-learning processes corresponding to the concept of function in a Mathematics course. In this regard, these aspects focus on i. identifying learning difficulties from the student's perspective, ii. Recognizing the difficulties that the professor has perceived in these processes and iii. proposing a training space for professors in the design and implementation of a proposal that involves problem solving and the use of technologies, by virtue of addressing the difficulties that were identified. Such implementation was carried out through a series of worksheets, as didactic learning instruments, using the GeoGebra software. The previous statements are argued in a reference framework based on learning environments, the theory of connectivism and problem solving in mathematics. According to the above and with the corresponding development of this proposal, the most relevant results are: � Marked difficulties in identifying and working on the analysis of variational thinking, as well as its application in different contexts and problematic situations that involve the concept of function. � Problems in the way how the teacher introduces these processes in the learning environments in the classroom, taking into account the technological component. � The reflection on the modality in which the meetings are currently taking place due to COVID-19, since it originated several alternatives for the development of the classes, however, the positive or negative impact on the learning environments must be analyzed. � Evidence of inadequacy in the management of information and communication technologies and learning and knowledge technologies, turning into shortcomings in the teaching-learning processes. � A need for technological literacy, seen as the compendium of tools and applications that can be used in an educational environment, even more in this development of work assisted remotely by technology.

Topic: Inclusive education and pedagogy

PARENTING GUIDELINES IN FAMILIES WITH NEURODIVERSE CHILDREN (AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER) FROM THE SINAPSIS EXPERT CENTER IN THE CITY OF SAN JOS� DE C�CUTA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

RAMIREZ PRECIADO YAHAIRA ¹, ALZATE HURTADO SILVIA FERNANDA ², GALVIS VELANDIA LAURA NATALY ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander , ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander ,

Email: ¹ yahairarp@ufps.edu.co, ² silviafernandaah@ufps.edu.co, ³ lauranatalygv@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: This pre-project addresses the issue of parenting guidelines in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the importance of parenting, how it develops, and how it can vary due to various situations, in this case, a very drastic and unexpected one, such as the global pandemic of Coronavirus (COVID-19). The virus caused multiple changes in all aspects of human life, leading him to adapt to new rules, biosecurity policies, and a new daily life. As a result, a peculiar population was taken as a subject of study, since it presents unique and special characteristics, being children with autism, that is to say, that present some condition, a fact that makes the development of this study even more interesting. For this, we resorted to an exhaustive background search related to the topics of interest, which are parenting patterns, children with autism, family, COVID-19 pandemic, and, of course, social work, the profession from which this research is carried out. All this in order to have a perspective of each one of them, affectations or changes presented, to know what has been approached with respect to the same and likewise to see what have been the results obtained. Thus, the research is supported by six main theories which are: Baumrind's theory, which exposes parenting styles; Bowlby's attachment theory, exalting this existing relationship; the theory of mind, being the basis for the approach to neurodiversity and specifically ASD, together with the cognitive-affective theory; Olson's circumplex model, which provides an appreciation of family functioning, characteristics and a way to evaluate it; and, Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory, as a complement to studying the family from a social work approach. Therefore, the general objective is to identify the parenting patterns implemented in families with neurodiverse children with an autism spectrum disorder in the SINAPSIS expert center in the city of San Jos� de C�cuta in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, starting with an identification of the meaning of parenting patterns for the families, followed by a recognition of the parenting patterns used by these families after the pandemic and, finally, to generate strategies from Social Work to strengthen the parenting patterns. Thus, the research is based on a qualitative approach with a phenomenological method, since it seeks to know the reality of the social subjects and the experience they have had in the midst of the pandemic. Thus, a sample of six families with neurodiverse children, especially with autism spectrum disorder, in a range of 4 to 10 years of age, with whom techniques such as semi-structured interview, SWOT analysis and family apgar are applied to facilitate the collection of information. Aguirre and Castro (as cited in Manjarr�s and Mart�nez, 2020) state that when it comes to raising children with disabilities, it is particularly important that parents and families provide sufficient opportunities and strategies for their children to achieve their full personal development, strengthen their interpersonal relationships and enhance processes of autonomy and social inclusion. It is therefore important to strengthen the resilience and adaptive process of each of them, since the adversities that may arise or the changes in society require people to adapt to a new reality, a new context and seek solutions to any new challenge. Therefore, this research is conducted in order to identify parenting patterns in families with neurodiverse children with ASD in a range of 4 to 10 years of age, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic and the modifications it brought about, due to the influence that unexpected crises have on family dynamics and, in turn, on parenting patterns. Also, from the perspective of Social Work, there is little research related to the parenting patterns of these children, which gives one more reason to study this topic.

Topic: Inclusive education and pedagogy

SOCIOCULTURAL PATTERNS OF INTRAFAMILY VIOLENCE IN THE CASES OF THE SARAVENA-ARAUCA FAMILY POLICE STATION, 2019

LIZCANO GUTIERREZ LINA MARCELA ¹, PEREZ GARCIA MARLY TERESA ², RINCON VILLAMIZAR NYDIA MARIA ³,
¹ UFPS, ² UFPS, ³ UFPS,

Email: ¹ lina1999marcela@gmail.com, ² marlyteresa1998@gmail.com, ³ aprendizaje2020@gmail.com,

Abstract: This research article focuses from an analysis of the sociocultural patterns that generate intrafamily violence in the cases of the Saravena Family Police Station, Arauca, Colombia, during 2019, in order to provide support to the work carried out by this institution , to facilitate the development of high-content prevention programs that contribute to improving the quality of life of the communities in this area. The work is framed from Johan Galtung's theory of violence, Bandura's theory of Social Learning and from the theory of Sociocultural Patterns. The methodology was based on a mixed approach, which allowed the collection of data through techniques such as surveys, interviews and documentary analysis, which later supported the development of categories parallel to intrafamily violence and sociocultural patterns. Thus, the results yielded relevant aspects such as the fact that a persistent pattern of generational and social sexist beliefs presented by the aggressors and the submissive beliefs presented by victims are causes associated with intrafamily violence; It is presumed that violence begins as a social component with repercussions mostly within the home. Finally, it was identified that factors such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, level of education, among others, influence the acceptance, reporting and coping of violence in registered households. In other words, there is a greater statistical probability that women with low education, low or medium socioeconomic status and over 30 years of age suffer from domestic violence.

Topic: Inclusive education and pedagogy

THINKING TEACHER TRAINING IN CONTEXTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION

GARC�A GARC�A MIGUEL �NGEL ¹, AR�VALO DUARTE MAYRA ALEJANDRA ²,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER,

Email: ¹ miguelangelgg@ufps.edu.co, ² mayraarevalo@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The possibilities offered by technology-supported education are superior to traditional education systems. However, the massive introduction of ICTs in education and their habitual use in the classroom do not respond to this potential. This is evident in that the quality of learning has not been improved; in the inadequate implementation of teaching and learning models or approaches; in the continued weakness in the development of competencies; in the failure to meet social challenges to achieve the true knowledge society. So it is a complex picture. In order to respond to the problem raised, the question is assumed: How to rethink teacher training in the context of technological innovation? Educational innovation is a process that seeks to advance changes in learning in order to improve it. It implies new ways of seeing and thinking about resources, disciplines, times, methods and the same curriculum, in order to improve the quality of learning processes. These changes are born from the needs or characteristics of the context and must be capable of being measured, at least in terms of impact and appropriation. In this order of ideas, the present work is oriented under the methodology of grounded-theory and inductive-descriptive analysis based on the discourse of educational actors regarding the initial teacher training process in the context of the Francisco de Paula Santander University. (UFPS). As a result, the central category "Comprehensive Continuous Innovation Approach" is described, based on the subcategories of "Training - Teacher Attitude, Institutional Management and Technological Learning Systems". The "Training - Teacher Attitude" component shows that teachers who have a high self-perception of their digital skills tend to show a favorable attitude towards the incorporation of ICT in teaching-learning processes. The "Institutional Management" component defines the conditions for the development of a Culture of Innovation. Finally, the subcategory "Technological Learning Systems" shows that educational innovation does not imply the incorporation of ICT. The introduction of technology in education does not imply the transformation of learning processes either. For this reason, it presents the options for innovation based on student-centered methodologies and technology-centered innovation. The conclusions of this study show that innovation emerges as a need for change, for transformation of the institutional reality, from the systematic response in order to continuous improvement. Which leads us to understand that innovation in the University (UFPS) does not happen spontaneously or unexpectedly. Likewise, it is evident that it is necessary to articulate various proposals that allow advancing processes of innovation and integration of the different educational spheres and institutional levels. Educational innovation with ICT can arise from new practices with already known technology, since the volatility and interruption of new applications does not allow continuity and opposes the evaluative need that requires, in education, long-term processes.

Topic: Inclusive education and pedagogy

ACTIVE POWER FILTER IN SINGLE-PHASE SYSTEMS FOR HARMONIC MITIGATION AND POWER FACTOR COMPENSATION

GONZ�LEZ FABIO ALFONSO ¹, ROM�N V�SQUEZ KEVIN STEVEN ², PIMIENTO ARIAS JEAN MICHAEL ³, G�MEZ GUTI�RREZ JOS� LUIS ⁴,
¹ Unidades Tecnol�gicas de Santander, ² Unidades Tecnol�gicas de Santander, ³ Unidades Tecnol�gicas de Santander, ⁴ Unidades Tecnol�gicas de Santander,

Email: ¹ fagonzalez@correo.uts.edu.co, ² kevin.steven.roman.vasquez@hotmail.com, ³ jmparias@outlook.es, ⁴ joselgomez03@hotmail.com,

Abstract: The use of an active power filter is presented as a solution to the problems of harmonic distortion and low power factor in a single-phase system, caused by the presence and simultaneous use of non-linear loads. In order to demonstrate what has been proposed and to give preference of use to the method offered by power electronics, it starts with the realization of a review that show the efficiency of the filter, as well as establishes the theoretical foundation by means of which we proceed to characterize the loads according to their harmonic content with the greatest effect on the system. Having defined the load to be used, the parameters were established to carry out the simulation in Matlab / Simulink, implementing the active power filter, in order to show its effects, aimed at mitigating harmonics and correcting the power factor. The simulations proposed in the previous stage are carried out again, but this time implementing a bank of capacitors dimensioned from the reactive power that is demanded by the loads selected for the simulation, this in order to contrast the results obtained by both methods

Topic: Power Electronics

ROBUST QFT CONTROLLER FOR DC-DC BUCK CONVERTER IN PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATORS

NU�EZ RODRIGUEZ RAFAEL AUGUSTO ¹,
¹ Unidades Tecnol�gicas de Santander,

Email: ¹ rrodriguez@correo.uts.edu.co,

Abstract: This paper proposes the design of a robust QFT controller based on performance specifications for DC-DC buck converters in continuous conduction mode, such as current ripple and converter output voltage, load disturbances, parametric variations, robust stability, and compensation for voltage changes of the photovoltaic generator at the input of the DC DC buck converter. Photovoltaic generators are considered as one of the main sources of renewable energy, given the solar potential in much of the Colombian territory, so it is of great importance the implementation of technological solutions that increase their efficiency and allow rapid penetration in the Colombian energy matrix. Having said this, it should be taken into account that the proper operation of photovoltaic generators is affected by the stochasticity and uncertainty in their dynamic behavior, which is linked to environmental conditions, in addition to the efficiency of the regulator, whose performance depends on the control algorithms that calculate the switching cycle of the converter, to maintain the output voltage in an acceptable range. In that perspective, multiple control strategies, both linear and nonlinear, have been implemented for voltage regulators of photovoltaic generators. Recent developments in power electronic control make it possible to increase the power density of the converter and reduce the switching losses of semiconductor devices. Such is the case of controllers based on quantitative feedback theory (QFT), which allow reference tracking, load disturbance rejection in case of process parameter variation and robust stability, whose control law is applicable to power electronic control for compensation of regulator input voltage variation, with good transient response and reduced energy cost. Initially, the modeling of the photovoltaic generator and the electronic buck converter is presented. For the design of the QFT controller and parameterization of the simulation model, a mathematical model of the photovoltaic generator and the DC-DC converter circuit must be available in order to establish operating ranges and parametric uncertainty space of the converter circuit. Next, the design process of the QFT controller is described, whose results, based on model-based design techniques, show that the converter response when the 200Wp solar panel generates 21.5 V and a reference voltage of 12 V output is established, presents an overshoot of about 40%, and a settling time of 15 ms. Similarly, the response of the converter to a disturbance in the output current related to a sudden change in the load resistance of 50% is analyzed. In this test the output current presents a variation of double the initial current of 1.2A. The settling time is in the order of 5.5 ms, and the control signal increases from 51.5% to 52.5%. Finally, to validate the response of the controller to variations in the operating point due to changes in the input voltage of the converter, a change in irradiance on the panel and a temperature gradient are modeled, factors that affect the performance and power generated by the solar panel. The solar panel is subjected to a variation from 25�C to 75�C, which translates into a variation in the output voltage from 30V_DC to 24V_DC, and the response of the converter and the controller to an irradiance variation from 1000W/m^2 to 250W/m^2 is compensated by increasing the duty cycle of the PWM signal applied to the converter's MOSFET. The results obtained show that the linearized state-space model of the converter is valid for the design of the QFT controller since the dynamics of the converter circuit was adequately described, which allowed the design of a robust controller that meets the desired performance specifications, such as robust stability and disturbance rejection. On the other hand, it was possible to demonstrate that the robust QFT control for the Buck voltage regulator applied to a 200 W_p photovoltaic generator showed a robust performance against disturbances of the load connected to the converter and variations in the input voltage due to random changes in the environmental conditions (irradiation and temperature) to which the solar panel is exposed under real operating conditions.

Topic: Power Electronics

DESIGN OF A SMART WATCH PROTOTYPE WITH OXIMETER AND EMERGENCY CALL

ALVAREZ ORTEGA ANDRES ADOLFO ¹, ARENAS SIERRA JOS� FABIAN ², MARIN RODRIGUEZ MIGUEL ANGEL ³,
¹ UFPS, ² UFPS, ³ UFPS,

Email: ¹ andresadolfoalor@ufps.edu.co, ² josefabianas@ufps.edu.co, ³ miguelangelmr@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Smart watches and biometric data measurement devices have increased their importance and use in recent years, due to the need to monitor the different signals of the human body and interpret them to know their status. In the region of the Americas, in the last two decades the number of deaths due to cardiac problems has increased significantly maintaining the second place in non-communicable and communicable diseases; therefore in this research a device was designed to keep track of the heart rate measurement adding the option of emergency call to the doctor or health entity when the pressure is low. A smart watch design is proposed that effectively and accurately performs heart rate measurement, with a low-cost system to compete in the market with devices that perform this action. The system starts by displaying the date and time on an OLED LCD screen, then activates a heart rate sensor to acquire the analog signal and interpret the data to deliver the information. If the recording is within the required range or parameters, it will only display the data and if the recording is outside the limits, a GSM/GPRS/GPS module is activated to record the user's current position and then send it through a text message via the GSM band of the same module. As part of this process, a message is sent requesting help to the doctor or the emergency service to carry out the due process in the given situation. The efficiency was tested by evaluating its response by varying by different pulses the perception of the heart rate artificially, with a reading time of ten seconds, automatically issuing an alert with an approximate duration of ten seconds. The optimization of the system through the acquisition of the heart rate signal and its processing to denote the cardiovascular state of the user has been observed and put under simulation tests, obtaining favorable results for the design and a saving in its final cost of a percentage greater than 50% in comparison with other commercial devices of the same type, making it more affordable to the general population and specifically to the population with cardiovascular problems.

Topic: Electronics and Devices

ELECTRONIC RAIN GAUGE FOR MOBILE SENSOR NODE

CAMARGO ARIZA LUIS LEONARDO ¹, GASCA MANTILLA MAIRA CECILIA ², GOMEZ JORGE ³, MEDINA BYRON ⁴, MARTINEZ DIAZ ERICK ⁵,
¹ Universidad del Magdalena, ² Universidad Antonio Nari�o, ³ Unviersidad del Magdalena, ⁴ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ⁵ Universidad del Magdalena,

Email: ¹ lcamargoa@unimagdalena.edu.co, ² magasca@uan.edu.co, ³ jgomez@unimagdalena.edu.co, ⁴ byronmedina@ufps.edu.co, ⁵ erickmartinezd@unimagdalena.edu.co,

Abstract: A solution to monitor environmental variables in cities is the implementation of Wireless Sensors Network (WSN). These networks allow the collection of environmental data that can be converted into information that can be used to make decisions that positively impact the city and its inhabitants. The WSN are composed of sensitive nodes that incorporate a wide range of sensors, and sink nodes that collect the data sent by the sensitive nodes and transmit it to the monitoring center. Sensitive nodes can be integrated into urban infrastructure as fixed nodes or nodes in motion. The introduction of mobility in the WSN (MWSN), facilitates expanding the network coverage and improving the scope of the applications, due to the versatility in the topologies and their implementation; but at the same time, the mobility of the sensor node brings challenges in the deployment of the network and makes it difficult to implement or incorporate the sensors. The rain gauge is the element in the sensitive node that measures the amount of rain that falls in a specific place, this instrument is commonly used in meteorological stations. The problem with this type of device is that they cannot be incorporated into moving platforms due to their design and construction; Because this is based on a double tilting bucket that collects small amounts of water through a funnel, and where the balance varies depending on the amount of water in the buckets, so every time the rain falls and One bucket is filled, the scale oscillates, emptying the full bucket, while the other begins to fill. The measurement of the frequency of the oscillation determines the millimeters of water that fall in the place where it was installed. For the above reasons, this work presents the design and implementation of a prototype of an electronic rain gauge to be used in a mobile sensor node. The development of this device is one of the challenges encountered in the macro research project that aims to develop a mobile sensor node and a fixed sink node for a wireless sensor network in the city of Santa Marta. Projecting a smart city For the construction of the proposed rain gauge, use has been made of a water collecting container with holes in its lower part, a pair of copper bars deployed at the top of the container, an operational amplifier, an analog to digital converter with an output to connect to the bus. I2C, a GPS, and a Raspberry pi that processes and conditions the data. When the copper bars come into contact with the collected water, they close the circuit and generate a potential difference that is detected by an operational amplifier that at its output generates an analog voltage signal that varies between 3.3 to 0 volts depending on the height. of water in the container or the depth to which the rods are immersed in the water. The voltage signal is read by an analog to digital converter that generates data that is sent to the Raspberry pi on the I2C bus. Based on the Torricelli principle and the measurement of the height of the water in the collecting container, the real average velocity of the liquid at the outlet of the lower hole can be estimated. With the velocity and the area of the lower orifice, the flow or volume of the fluid that dislodges the container is estimated. The outlet flow rate is considered the inlet flow rate assuming the container is initially empty. Subsequently, with the measurements of the inlet area of the collecting container, the calculated flow rate, the time it takes to take the sample, the geographical coordinates from where the sample is taken and a computational algorithm made by Python and implemented in the Raspberry pi, we obtain finally the millimeters of water that fall into the sampling area. This algorithm takes into account that the device is in motion. To relate the voltage signal of the operational amplifier with the height of the water in the container, a series of measurements are taken, and making use of a fourth-order polynomial regression, a mathematical model of the height (cm) as a function of the voltage is obtained (H = 1.7042V4 - 14.598V3 + 45.499V2 - 62.7V + 34.578), with an R2 coefficient of 0.99 that validates the model. The prototype was implemented, tested and evaluated in a controlled environment simulating rain with a defined amount of water; this is entered in the developed rain gauge, obtaining an error percentage of 8.5%. This percentage is optimal bearing in mind that the sensor mobile node of the macro project only has to determine if light, moderate or heavy rains are occurring in different parts of the city.

Topic: Electronics and Devices

"CARING FOR YOUR ARRHYTHMIA": USING ICT IN NURSING CARE

GONZ�LEZ CONSUEGRA RENATA VIRGINIA ¹, CASTILLO SIERRA DIANA MARCELA ²,
¹ Universidad Nacional de Colombia, ² Universidad El Bosque,

Email: ¹ rvgonzalezc@unal.edu.co, ² dmcastillos@unbosque.edu.co,

Abstract: Introduction:The increasing number of people who suffer from cardiac arrhythmias, the highly technical treatments that are provided and the physical, psychological and social consequences, as well as the impact on the quality of life of the people who suffer them, have aroused in the professional of nursing the interest in developing strategies that have broad coverage and easy access, such as ICT information technologies. Objective: To develop a strategy for nursing care in people suffering from cardiac arrhythmias by implementing information and communication technology (ICT). Methods: An interdisciplinary approach was contemplated that allowed to build an information and communication technology, from the scientific theoretical knowledge, through the development of three phases. Results: Structuring of an ICT information and communication technology (website) for nursing care in people with cardiac arrhythmias called �Cuidando tu arritmia-Ponle UN ritmo a tu vida�. Conclusion: Information Technology and Communication ICT are useful tools for nursing care allowing greater accessibility and expanding the coverage of nursing care in the health care of people, impacting health outcomes of people and your families.

Topic: Nursing

EFFECT OF AN EDUCATIONAL NURSING INTERVENTION TO REDUCE PAIN IN THE PATIENT WITH MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION DURING THE POST-OPERATIVE OUTPATIENT

ALVAREZ YA�EZ DEBORA MILENA ¹, CARVAJAL CARRASCAL GLORIA ²,
¹ Universidad La Sabana - Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad La Sabana,

Email: ¹ demialya@hotmail.com, ² gloria.carvajal@unisabana.edu.co,

Abstract: Introduction: The needs experienced by patients in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery range from the physiological to the emotional sphere. At a physiological level, pain is an unsatisfied need, which affects other needs such as sleep and physical activity, mood, adherence, and quality of life. Objective: To determine the effect of an educational nursing intervention compared with conventional nursing care, to reduce pain in cardiac surgery patients in the outpatient postoperative period in a highly complex institution in C�cuta during the second semester of 2020 and the first semester of the year 2021. Methodology: Quantitative, quasi-experimental study, with pre-test measurement in the first postoperative and post-test control and comparison group, in patients with myocardial revascularization from a highly complex institution in C�cuta, with simple random, Probabilistic sampling, with an estimated sample of 40 patients for each group. To collect the information, the McGill scale and the Trait Anxiety Inventory, IDARE, were used, after filling out the informed consent, pain measurements were performed at the beginning, 15 and 30 days after delivery of the educational intervention, to to determine the effect of the intervention between groups and intragroup compared to conventional care. Results: The experimental group exhibited a statistically significant reduction in pain levels for each of the dimensions and at a general level after the educational intervention (p <0.05) while in the control group there were no significant changes in pain levels between both measurements (p> 0.05). It was also possible to establish that the experimental group exhibited a statistically significant reduction in anxiety levels for each of the dimensions and at a general level after the educational intervention (p <0.05), contrary to the control group, where an increase in the level was evidenced. anxiety, although without important differences with respect to the initial measurement (p> 0.05). Conclusions: From educational interventions supported by nursing knowledge, it is possible to reduce the level of pain and the level of anxiety of the revascularized patient during the outpatient postoperative period. It also contributes to the implementation of actions that promote the quality of care and support during cardiac rehabilitation.

Topic: Nursing

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUICIDAL IDEATION AND FAMILY FUNCTIONALITY IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES AT THE FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER UNIVERSITY, PRESENTIAL MODALITY, DURING THE SECOND SEMESTER OF THE YEAR 2020

PINILLA ACEVEDO MERY ALEXANDRA ¹, D�VILA DURAN KRISS MADELEYN ², QUINTERO CACUA MARIA ANGELICA ³, VARGAS TOLOZA RUBY ELIZABETH ⁴,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER , ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander , ⁴ UFPS,

Email: ¹ malexandrapa@gmail.com, ² krissmadeleyndd@ufps.edu.co, ³ mariaangelicaqc@ufps.edu.co, ⁴ rubyelizabethvt@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The present research aims to determine the relationship between suicidal ideation and family functionality in university students of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Francisco de Paula Santander University, face-to-face modality, during the second semester of 2020. The research methodology It corresponds to a quantitative methodology of a descriptive type, correlational design and cross-sectional. The sample is made up of 188 students of both sexes, from the Nursing and Safety and Health at Work programs of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the higher education institution, to whom the instruments, Suicidal Ideation Scale (Scale of Suicidal Ideation) were applied ( SSI) and the Family Functionality Perception Test (FF-SIL). The results indicate that, regarding the variable of suicidal ideation, it was shown that 51.6% present suicidal ideation, where the minimum desire to die stands out with 43.10%; contrary to 48.40% of the participants where suicidal ideation did not occur. In relation to the family functionality variable, it was evidenced that, at the highest level, there are Moderately Functional families with 50%, followed by Functional families with 27.7% and finally there are Dysfunctional families with 19.7%. On the other hand, the relationship between scales was evaluated using Spearman's Correlation Coefficient, where the established statistical significance was 0.05. When evaluating the relationship between the Family Functioning scale and the Suicidal Ideation dimensions, an inverse and statistically significant correlation was observed with each of them (p <0.01), with the highest correlation coefficient being �attitude towards life and death �(r = -0.477). This shows that the higher the family functioning, the lower the attitude towards life and death, therefore, the lower the suicidal ideation. Similarly, when evaluating the relationship between the Suicidal Ideation scale and the dimensions of Family Functioning, an inverse and statistically significant correlation was observed for all dimensions (p <0.01), with the highest correlation coefficient being �harmony� ( r = -0.393), "cohesion" (r = -0.385) and "communication" (r = -0.380). This shows that the greater harmony, cohesion and communication found in a family, the greater its family functioning, therefore, the less the presence of suicidal ideas. Finally, both variables are correlated, where it is reflected that there is an inverse and statistically significant correlation between Suicidal Ideation and Family Functioning of the students (p <0.01); that is, as Family Functioning increases in their homes, Suicidal Thought or Ideation decreases.

Topic: Nursing

ENERGY VALORIZATION OF HORSE MANURE USING ANAEROBIC BIODIGESTION IN AN AGRICULTURAL FARM

SANCHEZ JORGE MARIO ¹, ACEVEDO-PAEZ JUAN C. ², MORENO GAMBOA FAUSTINO ³,
¹ Universidad de Santander, ² Universidad de Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ jmsanchez@uniguajira.edu.co, ² jua.acevedo@mail.udes.edu.co, ³ faustinomoreno@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: There are currently about 1,6 million equines, and this is one of the most abundant species in the Colombian countryside (ICA, 2020). Manure from livestock activities is used as compost without any treatment, this incorrect disposal of manure can generate environmental problems such as bad odors, the attraction of vectors, soil acidification, contamination of water bodies with pathogenic microorganisms and greenhouse gas emissions (Pino, 2012). A promising alternative for the stabilization of organic matter present in horse manure is anaerobic digestion (AD), given that this waste is characterized by having a moisture content of 25% w/w, pH of 8,2 and a C/N ratio of 23/1 (Kafle et al., 2015), which are considered as optimal characteristics to carry out the AD process. AD is a complex biochemical reaction that is carried out in an oxygen-free environment by several types of microorganisms (Pavlostathis and Giraldo-G�mez, 1991) and where at the end of the process, different groups of methanogenic bacteria decompose the organic matter to produce methane. In addition, AD is an outstanding alternative for the treatment of horse manure because it brings several benefits: it generates energy in the form of biogas, reduces soil contamination problems, and creates a by-product called "digestate" that can be used as a biofertilizer. The present investigation was carried out in an agricultural farm located in the municipality of Gir�n (Santander, Colombia). The farm has 2 equines that generate 12 kg of manure per day. First, a manure sample was collected, and the following parameters were determined: total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and pH. In the next stage, a domestic tubular biodigester was implemented, which consists mainly of a polyethylene geo-membrane that stores the organic matter and in which anaerobic digestion takes place. The performance of the biodigester was determined by the removal of organic matter quantified by SV and COD in the influent and digestate of the biodigester, of which a removal of 82% of SV and 74% of COD was achieved in this research, values that were similar to those reported by Lansing et al. (2008) who obtained 80%/83% SV and 86%/92% COD removals for domestic digesters fed with bovine and swine manure, respectively. The average biogas production was 0,5 m3/day (i.e., 0,041 m3/kg manure), a higher production than that reported by Singh and Kaushal (2016) of 0,033 m3/kg manure for a small-scale biodigester fed with horse manure in Kapurpur, India. The biogas produced was used in cooking food, partially replacing propane gas. According to the methane content present in the biogas (55-65%), its lower heating value (LHV) is 26.000 kJ/m3 (Hern�ndez L., 1996). Therefore, the energy supplied by this biogas is 390.000 kJ/month. Applying a calculation of energy equivalence with the propane gas used in the farm, an average monthly energy saving of 60% was achieved with the use of biogas from horse manure. From the economic component, the cost of installing the biodigester was US$ 273,13. Operating costs are not considered because the feed is diluted with collected rainwater, and the system does not require agitation, heating or maintenance. The implementation of the biodigester results in an economic saving of US$7,02/month, which corresponds to the reduction in the purchase of commercial propane gas. Considering that the useful life of a low-cost polyethylene biodigester is 10 years (Samayoa et al., 2012), the payback period is 3,25 years. Finally, the results of the present study show a high transformation of the organic matter present in the horse manure when fed to a domestic biodigester, which demonstrates that AD is a technically and economically viable alternative for the processing of horse manure, which could be implemented in similar farms, thus allowing the recovery of energy and nutrients from this waste.

Topic: Biological Physics

ANALYSIS OF EMOTIONAL SIGNALS THROUGH A BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE IN THE INTERACTION OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN WITH AN AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATION FOR THE TEACHING OF PHYSICS

ROJAS CONTRERAS MAURICIO ¹, PE�A CORTES CESAR AUGUSTO ², MORENO CUEVAS LUZ ANGELA ³,
¹ Universidad de Pamplona, ² Universidad de Pamplona, ³ Universidad de Pamplona,

Email: ¹ mrojas@unipamplona.edu.co, ² cesarapc@unipamplona.edu.co, ³ luz.moreno@unipamplona.edu.co,

Abstract: The scope of this article is to analyze the recording of emotional signals taken with a brain-computer interface through neuronsignals in the interaction of a group of children with an augmented reality application that aims to support the issue of measurement in the teaching of physics. The method used to carry out the analysis begins with the recording of emotional signals with the brain-computer interface of a child in a normal state, then the emotional signals are recorded in a measurement experiment with traditional teaching methods and finally the emotional signals are recorded. Emotional signals of the child interacting with an augmented reality application that has the scope to support the subject of measurement in the teaching of physics. The same method is replicated to the rest of the sample. The result of this research is specified through a correlation analysis between the age variables and the variables commitment, excitement, focus, interest, relaxation, stress in the interaction of a group of children with an augmented reality application for teaching physics. Specifically, it can be seen that the interest and commitment variables increase by comparing the traditional teaching method with the method in which an augmented reality application is used for the teaching of physics, in a complementary way it was possible to identify that the levels stress decrease when using the augmented reality application. Taking as a starting point the analysis of neuronsignals in the interaction of children with augmented reality applications, it can be concluded that the use of vision technologies in the teaching of children improves the emotional signals of children and at the same time reduces stress levels in the teaching-learning process. Additionally, it is evidenced that the use of the brain-computer interface for the recording of neuronsignals can become an alternative method to measure the level of usability of augmented reality applications in teaching.

Topic: Mathematical Physics

ANALYSIS OF PROBLEM SOLVING IN PHYSICS. A STUDY WITH HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

HERN�NDEZ SU�REZ C�SAR AUGUSTO ¹, PAZ MONTES LUISA STELLA ², AVENDA�O CASTRO WILLIAM RODRIGO ³,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander ,

Email: ¹ cesaraugusto@ufps.edu.co, ² luisastellapm@ufps.edu.co, ³ williamavendano@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The objective of this work is to develop the capacity of students in problem solving competence in the subject of physics. An analysis is presented with the quasi-experimental method by applying a pretest - posttest. An intervention supported by a methodological problem-solving strategy was used, which focused on identifying errors and difficulties by the students themselves and thus favoring the learning and development of this competence. This made it possible to analyze the academic progress of the students. The analysis of the data shows that the performance of the students is improved, in addition to the positive assessment they make of the process, as well as its influence on the change in pedagogical practice.

Topic: Mathematical Physics

APPLICATION OF THE HEAT EQUATION FOR MODELING CONDUCTION WITH AN ENERGY SOURCE.

L�PEZ CASTRO C�SAR AUGUSTO ¹, CADENA MORALES JOS� JULIAN ², ALBA JOSE MANUEL ³,
¹ Universidad de Libre, ² UFPSO, ³ UFPSO,

Email: ¹ cesara.lopezc@unilibre.edu.co, ² jjcadenam@ufpso.edu.co, ³ jmalbam@ufpso.edu.co,

Abstract: Within the equations of mathematical physics the heat equation has a prominent place. The applications of the heat equation to engineering are part of a growing research interest. An example of this situation can be seen in the heat conduction processes included in areas such as thermodynamics, combustion, fluid mechanics and welding processes. From a mathematical point of view, the study of thermal phenomena is at the heart of Fourier theory. The present research proposed the formulation of a mathematical model that would allow the inclusion of a relevant physical phenomenon in engineering applications; in addition to the appropriate mathematical tools for its modeling. For this reason, by means of the heat equation, the study of the physical phenomenon of thermal conduction with the generation of heat was chosen. By means of the theory of ordinary equations, the stable solution of the physical phenomenon of conduction was found. The temperature function was calculated by means of an analytical method derived from Fourier theory. Under mathematical modeling it was possible to demonstrate the fit of the temperature function and the stable solution. The characterization of the steady state as the limit of the transient state, allowed verifying that the heat conduction model is mathematically possible.

Topic: Mathematical Physics

CHILDISHNESS IN SCIENCE A DIDACTIC MODEL FOR PHYSICS EDUCATION

GALLARDO P�REZ HENRY DE JESUS ¹, VERGEL ORTEGA MAWENCY ², ROJAS SUAREZ JHAN PIERO ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ henrygallardo@ufps.edu.co, ² mawencyvergel@ufps.edu.co, ³ jhanpierorojas@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The research follows a mixed approach, with a participatory action research method from the qualitative approach and a factorial analysis with a quasi-experimental field design from the quantitative approach. Its objective is to create and evaluate the impact of the Childishness in science model, based on socio-epistemology and the dialogic-critical approach, as a space that links diverse pedagogical and educational processes with children between 3 and 7 years old, from the Colombian-Venezuelan border zone, their families and their community. The results show that it integrates art, play, science and innovation, promotes the development of scientific thinking in children, promotes the development of physical thinking, as well as creative thinking, through teaching in context and the interrelation between physical sciences and arts. It favors the learning of physics and the strengthening of competencies and skills. Childishness in science provides quality early childhood education in physics in border regions

Topic: Mathematical Physics

INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING. BELIEFS OF TEACHERS IN TRAINING AND IN SERVICE OF NATURAL SCIENCES

PAZ MONTES LUISA STELLA ¹, HERN�NDEZ SU�REZ C�SAR AUGUSTO ², PABON GALAN CARLOS ANTONIO ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ luisastellapm@ufps.edu.co, ² cesaraugusto@ufps.edu.co, ³ carlosantoniopg@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The article aims to analyze the beliefs of teachers in natural sciences, in training and in service, about research-based learning, its implementation in the classroom and their training in this regard, to provide information on how to guide the use of strategies innovators in teacher training. The study responds to a type of quantitative research with a descriptive approach and was based on a field design. The results indicate significant differences between the two populations. The analysis of the differences reveals key aspects to promote and support more effectively the implementation of innovative methodologies such as inquiry-based learning for science education

Topic: Mathematical Physics

INTELLIGENT ARCHITECTURE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF WELL-BEING SUPPORTED IN NEURONSIGNALS FOR SOCIAL ECOSYSTEMS 4.0

ROJAS CONTRERAS MAURICIO ¹, PORTILLA JAIMES JORGE OMAR ²,
¹ Universidad de Pamplona, ² Universidad de Pamplona,

Email: ¹ mrojas@unipamplona.edu.co, ² jorge.portilla2@unipamplona.edu.co,

Abstract: The scope of this article is to describe an intelligent architecture at a structural, functional and intelligent services level to manage the mental, physical and spiritual well-being of teachers in the disciplinary field of physics supported by neuronsignals and industry 4.0 technologies. For the methodological design of the intelligent architecture, the structural layers that make up the architectural model were identified, later the functional requirements that should be implemented in the intelligent architecture were identified and finally the intelligent services that should automate the welfare management processes of the children were modeled. teachers in the area of physics and that can also be replicated to teachers from other disciplinary fields. The main result of this research is the architectural model of intelligent architecture, which is structured in a services layer and in a knowledge acquisition and management layer. At an additional level of decomposition, the functionalities associated with each layer are described, particularly, the services layer encapsulates the functionalities of contextual awareness management, cyber-physical characterization management, dynamic management of support networks, and intelligent treatment generator. The knowledge acquisition and management layer includes the functionalities for managing repositories of emotional signals, physiological measures, social activities, social characterization, spiritual characterization, social nodes, work profiles and contexts. Taking as a reference the architectural model designed for the intelligent generation of mental, physical and spiritual treatments to improve the quality of life of teachers in the area of physics in higher education, it can be concluded that in times of pandemic the design of platforms is viable intelligent that generate automatic treatments to improve the mental, physical and spiritual indicators of teachers modeled as social nodes through the technologies of Industry 4.0.

Topic: Mathematical Physics

METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES FOR LEARNING THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF GRAPHING FUNCTIONS

PINEDA ISAZA WALTER BYRON ¹, HERN�NDEZ SU�REZ C�SAR AUGUSTO ², PABON GALAN CARLOS ANTONIO ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula santander, ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ walterbyronpi@ufps.edu.co, ² cesaraugusto@ufps.edu.co, ³ carlosantoniopg@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The educational transformation originated by the conditions of social distancing due to the 2020 pandemic makes studies where technological tools are used and strategies are generated for the development of metacognitive skills, while facilitating the learning of mathematical content such as graphing, are relevant to current times. The objective was to design metacognitive strategies for learning the basic principles of graphing for functions. A design-based research with descriptive scope was developed. The survey technique was used to collect information from students of a mathematics teacher training program, using a census sample. At the methodological level, a curricular design for the metacognitive strategy was applied with the incorporation of a graphing software. The analysis of the information on metacognition and digital competence using software allowed establishing the general and specific design guidelines of the strategy, which is presented as a set of metacognitive strategies with the combination of technological and pedagogical factors.

Topic: Mathematical Physics

STUDENT ERRORS OBTAINED FROM DIFFERENT RESEARCH METHODS

MENDOZA SONIA MARITZA ¹, OSPINA H. GERM�N GUSTAVO ², SERPA JIM�NEZ ALEJANDRA MAR�A ³,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ soniamaritza@ufps.edu.co, ² gospina@ufps.edu.co, ³ alejandramariaserpa@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The present exploratory research employs the qualitative approach. The methodological process is defined in stages. In the first stage, research articles that have been published in different journals are collected, which contain information relevant to the study of the errors incurred by students in different contexts. In the second stage, these research articles are organized into three groups according to the research method used by the authors to develop their studies, then with the results of each group we proceed to perform their respective analysis and reflection obtained the findings. In the third stage, the findings of each of the three groups are compared, which allows to achieve the triangulation of the methods and with it to arrive at the results of this research. The authors of the different research articles that have worked on errors, may have assumed errors from different points of view, some, for example, may see them as part of a constructive learning process, other authors as opportunities to learn from the error, there may also be some who assume it as a way to raise self-esteem and motivation in students when they are able to identify and correct them. This ongoing research aims to identify in a general way the errors of students in different contexts and levels of education. It is expected to be able to identify if there is any incidence between the errors found and the research method used to identify them. Key words: Errors, research methods, exploratory research.

Topic: Mathematical Physics

ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC REGULATIONS ON AIR QUALITY FOR THE CITY OF BOGOT� (COLOMBIA): ARIMA MODELING FOR CRITERIA POLLUTANTS

ZAFRA MEJ�A CARLOS ALFONSO ¹, MANCO PERDOMO LUIS ALEJANDRO ², P�REZ PADILLA LUZ ANG�LICA ³,
¹ Universidad Distrital Francisco Jos� de Caldas, ² Universidad Distrital Francisco Jos� de Caldas, ³ Universidad Distrital Francisco Jos� de Caldas,

Email: ¹ czafra@udistrital.edu.co, ² lamancop@correo.udistrital.edu.co, ³ luzaperezp@correo.udistrital.edu.co,

Abstract: ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC REGULATIONS ON AIR QUALITY FOR THE CITY OF BOGOT� (COLOMBIA): ARIMA MODELING FOR CRITERIA POLLUTANTS Luis Manco-Perdomo1, Luz P�rez-Padilla2, and Carlos Zafra-Mej�a3 1. Environmental engineer, Universidad Distrital Francisco Jos� de Caldas, Bogot�-Colombia, Facultad de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Ingenier�a Ambiental, Grupo de Investigaci�n en Ingenier�a Ambiental-GIIAUD, Correo Electr�nico: lamancop@correo.udistrital.edu.co. 2. Environmental engineer, Universidad Distrital Francisco Jos� de Caldas, Bogot�-Colombia, Facultad de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Ingenier�a Ambiental, Grupo de Investigaci�n en Ingenier�a Ambiental-GIIAUD, Correo Electr�nico: luzaperezp@correo.udistrital.edu.co. 3. Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering, Universidad Distrital Francisco Jos� de Caldas, Bogot�-Colombia, Facultad de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Ingenier�a Ambiental, Grupo de Investigaci�n en Ingenier�a Ambiental-GIIAUD, Correo Electr�nico: czafra@udistrital.edu.co. Abstract. In urban environments, the impact of air pollution on the economy has been linked to high public health costs. This is due to respiratory complications, productive decline due to medical disabilities, and a reduction in life expectancy. The main objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of public regulations on air quality, in force in the city of Bogot� (Colombia) during the period 2007-2017. Concentrations of criteria atmospheric pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, O3, and NO2) were analyzed. The temporal variation in the concentration of these pollutants with respect to the validity of public air quality regulations was also studied. In addition, the temporal behavior of the criteria pollutant concentrations with respect to atmospheric variables was analyzed. The temporal analyses were developed using ARIMA models and based on the information reported by the Monitoring and Air Quality Network of Bogot� city (RMCAB). The results showed on average that public air quality regulations were adjusted every two years. ARIMA modelling showed that the establishment of maximum permissible emission limits for different sources (Res./Colombian No. 180782 de 2007) and fuel improvement (Res./District No. 1304 of 2012) were the most appropriate to reduce the concentrations of the criteria pollutants considered: δ = -46.9% and δ = -38.2%, respectively. The ARIMA models (p,d,q) developed on a monthly time scale had a short memory (�p� between 1-3 months). Namely, the criteria pollutant concentrations at a given time were influenced by the concentrations of up to three months immediately preceding. On the other hand, the moving average term of the ARIMA models showed fluctuations in time of the criteria pollutant concentrations ("q" between 3-14 months). Keywords: � 1. Air quality � 2. Public regulations � 3. Criteria pollutants � 4. ARIMA models � 5. Urban pollution.

Topic: Environmental Engineering

APPROACH TO SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES ON CDR TO BE GENERATED IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS.

PEREA DUQUE MARTIN ARMANDO ¹, S�NCHEZ CAICEDO DIANA MAR�A ², PULIDO MATEUS DIANA MARCELA ³,
¹ Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, ² Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, ³ Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca,

Email: ¹ mperea@unicolmayor.edu.co, ² dmariasanchez@unicolmayor.edu.co, ³ dmpulidom@unicolmayor.edu.co,

Abstract: Approach to Sustainable Practices on CDR to be generated in construction projects. 1. Executive Summary RCD generation is a global problem. Colombia and Bogot� are no exception. For example, in the 2010-2015 period, Bogot� increased by 15% the area of housing construction, buildings, which boosted the generation of RCD construction and demolition waste. Although RCDs occur when construction activities begin, they are the result of policies and decisions previously adopted by the organization executing the project, which reinforces the concept that construction is a multi-incident process rather than a product. and it is those incidents or practices throughout the life cycle of the project that can be acted upon to predict and avoid the generation of RCD. This is confirmed by the Ellen Macarthur Foundation on the industrial metabolism of RCD in its approach on Circular Economy and the National Circular Economy Strategy 2019. From the 5,431 unique registration numbers before the SDA District Secretary for the Environment, the result of 23 years of information until 2018, the predominant typologies were selected: Others, Multifamily and Road Infrastructure Work. The classification "Others" and "Road Infrastructure Work" contain multiple typologies, governed by works measured in volume (represents the largest volume in the database) and not in areas. So, due to the scarcity of information, these two categories are dispensed with. The �Multi-family� typologies that correspond mainly to the private sector, as typical projects, represent 45% of the registered projects and 75% of the waste generated in the SDA database. Therefore, the percentage of RCD (or percentage of waste as it is also known) involved in housing construction budgets is an anticipated declaration of the RCD to be generated in the project and reflects levels of industrialization, often unsustainable, Due to the lack of statistics, these percentages are a priori figures, which makes their monitoring and reduction difficult and therefore their introduction in the new Circular Economy. For all of the above, the gap that the research seeks to fill is: �How do sustainable practices influence the generation of RCD in housing construction in Bogot�? To answer the question, an approach to the evaluation of sustainable practices on the RCDs to be generated in housing construction in Bogot� is proposed as a general objective. This involves identifying sustainable practices on RCD through a desk search, on secondary information available on a global scale, as well as its possible influence on the generation of RCD. Research with a quantitative methodological approach, descriptive type, of documentary design, on secondary information to provide the opportunity to adopt said practices, improve them, and positively influence companies and the environment. Key words: Sustainable practices, Construction and demolition waste, RCD. Research Groups: Ecoedificaci�n and Representaci�n Gr�fica Researchers: Civil engineer. I.C. Martin Armando Perea Duque Licensed. LIC. Diana Maria S�nchez Caicedo Administrator and Architectural Constructor. AYCA. Diana Marcela Pulido Mateus

Topic: Environmental Engineering

AREAS OF SIGNIFICANT TERRITORIAL RISK OF FOREST FIRES IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF THE UPPER ALGODONAL RIVER BASIN, COLOMBIA.

HERRERA GALVIZ JUAN DAVID ¹, HERN�NDEZ CRIADO JUAN CARLOS ²,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Oca�a, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Seccional Oca�a ,

Email: ¹ jdherrerag@ufpso.edu.co, ² jchernandezc@ufpso.edu.co,

Abstract: This work aimed to develop a spatial zoning of the territorial risk of forest fires in three municipalities that are part of the upper basin of the cotton river and that correspond to Oca�a, La Playa de Bel�n and �brego in the Colombian department of Norte de Santander. For the development of the process, a methodology was used that is based on the preliminary calculation of the orographic index and the combustibility index, for which a slope map and a land cover map must be made, respectively. As a result, it was obtained that the most significant risk area corresponds to the one classified as high risk, which has the highest representation in the area, followed by the very high, moderate, low and very low category. In addition, it is evident that these significant areas of territorial risk of forest fires are located near the periphery of the study area, that is, near the limits of the aforementioned municipalities, which corresponds highly to the criterion of steep slopes and higher density of vegetation in land covers, which according to the methodology used, generate a higher risk of forest fire events.

Topic: Environmental Engineering

BOX-JENKINS STOCHASTIC MODELS FOR THE STUDY OF AIR POLLUTANTS IN A LATIN AMERICAN MEGACITY

ZAFRA MEJ�A CARLOS ALFONSO ¹, PINZ�N HASSAN ANGIE DANIELA ², TIQUE ORTIZ VER�NICA ³,
¹ Universidad Distrital Francisco Jos� de Caldas, ² Universidad Distrital Francisco Jos� de Caldas, ³ Universidad Distrital Francisco Jos� de Caldas,

Email: ¹ czafra@udistrital.edu.co, ² apinzonh@correo.udistrital.edu.co, ³ vtiqueo@udistrital.edu.co,

Abstract: BOX-JENKINS STOCHASTIC MODELS FOR THE STUDY OF AIR POLLUTANTS IN A LATIN AMERICAN MEGACITY Angie Pinz�n-Hassan, Ver�nica Tique-Ortiz, and Carlos Zafra-Mej�a 1. Environmental engineer, Universidad Distrital Francisco Jos� de Caldas, Bogot� D.C.- Colombia, Facultad de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Grupo de Investigaci�n en Ingenier�a Ambiental (GIIAUD), Correo Electr�nico: apinzonh@correo.udistrital.edu.co. 2. Environmental engineer, Universidad Distrital Francisco Jos� de Caldas, Bogot� D.C.- Colombia, Facultad de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Grupo de Investigaci�n en Ingenier�a Ambiental (GIIAUD), Correo Electr�nico: vtiqueo@udistrital.edu.co. 3. Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering, Universidad Distrital Francisco Jos� de Caldas, Bogot� D.C.- Colombia, Facultad de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Grupo de Investigaci�n en Ingenier�a Ambiental (GIIAUD), Correo Electr�nico: czafra@udistrital.edu.co. Abstract. Monitoring and forecasting of the status of air quality becomes important in urban areas, and it is therefore necessary to advance the development of alternative tools for adequate management of the atmospheric resource. The main objective of this study is to show the development of Box-Jenkins stochastic models to study the temporal behavior of the concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and O3 in Bogot� city, Colombia. Information was collected from ten stations in the city's air quality monitoring network over a ten-year period. The temporal relationship between pollutants, their geographical distribution, and the occurrence of extreme episodes of air pollution was studied using Box-Jenkins models (p,d,q). The weather conditions that favored the occurrence of these extreme episodes were also identified. Based on the Box-Jenkins models developed, the results showed a sectorization of pollution levels in the city, which were associated with local weather conditions. The moving average term (q) of the models developed was the main indicator of the geographical variability of the daily pollutant concentrations. In the case of PM10, the following geographical distribution was identified in the city: northwestern (1,1,5), center-southwest (1,1,6-9), and southeast (1,1,4). For PM2.5: north (1,1,10), center (1,1,4), and southwest (1,1,9). For O3: northwest (1,1,4), center (1,1,9), and south (1,1,5). The maximum hourly concentrations of PM were observed between 6-10 a.m. and between 11 a.m.-4 p.m. for O3. On a monthly basis, the highest concentrations were observed in February (14.1%), January (13.5%), and March (12.2%). On average, during extreme pollution episodes the behavior of the climate variables was as follows: wind direction (southwest, between 169-268�), rainfall (46.5-55 mm), temperature (14.5-15.1 �C), and solar radiation (186-211 W/m2). Keywords: � 1 Air pollution � 2. Bogot� � 3. Box-Jenkins models � 4. Air quality � 5. Particulate matter.

Topic: Environmental Engineering

ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF HIGH CONSERVATION VALUE (HCV) AREAS IN OIL PALM (ELAEIS GUINEENSIS) CROPS FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF BIOLOGICAL CORRIDORS BY USING UMBRELLA SPECIES (MAMMALS) IN THE EXTRACTORA CATATUMBO NUCLEUS, TIB� MUNICIPALITY.

RAMIREZ ALFEREZ WILSON CAMILO JOSE ¹, RUBIO PARADA JORGE ALEXANDER ², NAVARRO DUR�N ANTONIO ³,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ camilo_ramirez_01@hotmail.com, ² jorgealexanderrp@ufps.edu.co, ³ antoniond@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) crop in Norte de Santander has been expanding, generating a modification in natural ecosystems, closing 2017 with more than 30,000 hectares. Currently, the farmers of the Extractora Catatumbo nucleus have been certified in the Roundtable Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) standard, a standard that requires the identification of high conservation value (HCV) areas and constant monitoring to guarantee their maintenance. This project seeks to carry out an ecological evaluation in palm plantations in the Petrolea area with a view to identifying mammals as umbrella species. The inventory is carried out directly with tours to the crops and HCV areas following the methodology of Villareal et al., 2004 for fauna monitoring and indirectly through interviews with the inhabitants of the area and the identification of traces (footprints , feces, hairs, remains, feeders and burrows); In addition, camera traps are monitored following the methodology of D�az-Pulido, A & Pay�n E., 2012 for the presence and absence of species with a monitoring effort of 1000 nights. The identification of the different captured individuals is carried out with specialized manuals and once the monitoring is finished, the information of the identified species will be tabulated in PAST SOFTWARE. During the tours, 3 species of mammals have been directly identified and with the different indirect methods 10 species of mammals have been registered for a total of 13 species found with a cumulative effort of 376 nights of photo trapping. Once the inventory is completed, a management plan will be made, which will include, if necessary, the design of a biological corridor or corridors so that the fauna can move freely between the HCVs and coexist in harmony with the crop.

Topic: Environmental Engineering

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND SODIUM BICARBONATE CONCENTRATION ON ADVANCED TEXTILE WATER OXIDATION TREATMENT

URBINA SUAREZ NESTOR ANDRES ¹, RIVERA CHRISTIAN ², MACHUCA MARTINEZ FIDERMAN ³,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ UNIVERSIDAD DEL VALLE,

Email: ¹ nestorandresus@ufps.edu.co, ² christianrc@ufps.edu.co, ³ fiderman.machuca@correounivalle.edu.co,

Abstract: The textile industry represents one of the most important in the global economy and a sector of high economic impact in Colombia; however, it is also one of the most polluting water effluents produced in the treatment of dyed fibers, which are difficult to treat by conventional methods due to their recalcitrant nature. This research focused on the evaluation of a dyeing wastewater treatment through an advanced oxidation process (AOPs) using sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an environmentally friendly method, evaluating the effect of factors such as temperature, and concentrations of H2O2 and NaHCO3 in the removal of parameters such as COD, nitrates and color through a fractional factorial Plackett-Burman design using statica 7 software. 0, working in a 500L reactor with a volume of 300ml of wastewater from dry cleaners in Norte de Santander, Colombia. Characterization of the source was performed and absorbance peaks were found at 297 nm and 669 nm. The best removal results were 27.22% COD, 63.15% color and for NO3 94.62% generation. Optimal process conditions were found for concentrations of 1M NaHCO3, 2M H2O2 and 60� C with efficiencies of 46.91% 84.83% 68.85% N03, COD and color at 1 hour of treatment.

Topic: Environmental Engineering

EVALUATION OF A CACTUS OF THE GENUS OPUNTIA AS A NATURAL COAGULANT FOR THE REMOVAL OF WATER TURBIDITY

VILLAMIZAR PINTO ROSA MARIA ¹, ARIAS PE�ARANDA MARTHA TRINIDAD ²,
¹ universidad francisco de paula Santander , ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander ,

Email: ¹ rosmar1219@gmail.com, ² marthatrinidadap@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Turbidity is one of the main water problems in rural areas, especially in winter seasons, when rainfall drags particulate material that increases turbidity in the sources where water is collected for irrigation and human consumption, which is a problem for the farmer since he must consume the turbid water. The objective of this research was to evaluate the use of a cactus of the Opuntia genus present in the Tropical Dry Forest in the surroundings of the city of C�cuta, as a clarifying agent for turbid water. The cladodes of the plant were peeled and cut into cubes of approximately 0.5 mm of side and using a 6-position jar test equipment, the effect of the initial turbidity (100, 200 and 300 NTU) and the concentration of the coagulant (1000, 1500, 2000, 3000, 4000, 4500, 6000 mg/l) on the % of turbidity removal was evaluated in a synthetic water (prepared with kaolin). The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of this cactus as a coagulant agent for the removal of turbidity from water, with turbidity removal percentages higher than 99%, without variation in pH values of 7.8 and alkalinity of 60 mg CaCO3 /l. The optimum coagulant concentration was determined to be 2000 ppm, 3000 ppm and 4000 ppm for initial turbidity values of 100, 200 and 300 NTU respectively. Regardless of the initial turbidity, the residual turbidity values were < 2 NTU, which meet the requirements of Colombian regulations for this parameter in drinking water. It is concluded that the cactus of the Opuntia genus, which grows wild in the Tropical Dry Forest around the city of C�cuta, has a high efficiency in the removal of turbidity from water. Because of its advantages over synthetic products, since it does not require pH adjustments before or after the coagulation process and because of its low or null toxicity, it represents an opportunity for research and innovation to generate added value to local raw materials.

Topic: Environmental Engineering

EVALUATION OF THE RISK OF MASS REMOVAL IN THE TAM� NATIONAL NATURAL PARK - AREA CORRESPONDING TO THE MUNICIPALITY OF TOLEDO - NORTH OF SANTANDER.

MAYORGA SANDOVAL MAR�A ANG�LICA ¹, VISCONTI MORENO EFRAIN FRANCISCO ²,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ mariaangelicams@ufps.edu.co, ² efrainfranciscovm@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The present work addresses the evaluation of the risk of mass removal in the Tam� Natural National Park, for which the level of vulnerability of the protected area and the level of possible threat were established, the latter characterizing the conditioning biophysical factors of such event, of according to its location and the characteristics given by it. One way of understanding pragmatism related to risk assessment is by knowing the intrinsic implications of vulnerability in the face of each of the threat events that may occur. For this, it is essential to implement an evaluation framework within this study, which will determine a series of guidelines to follow that will promote appropriate practices when determining the risk present in a territory. The document includes: a natural physical characterization, the analysis of the main study units (litho-geopedology, vegetation cover, hydro-climatology, historical events), the identification of the types of mass removal phenomena, the characterization of the units of the vulnerability (fragility and exposure) and risk zoning to this type of mass movement. The tools used to reach the expected results are based on the geo-risk mapping of the area at 1: 100,000 of the SGC; the use of GIS technologies and field work to collect specific vulnerability data.

Topic: Environmental Engineering

PRODUCTION OF MICROALGAL BIOMASS TO OBTAIN LIPIDS USING DOMESTIC WASTEWATER.

URBINA SUAREZ NESTOR ANDRES ¹, VARGAS TOLOZA RUBY ELIZABETH ², RODRIGUEZ LIZCANO ADRIANA ³,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ² UFPS, ³ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER,

Email: ¹ nestorandresus@ufps.edu.co, ² rubyelizabethvt@ufps.edu.co, ³ adrianarodriguez@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: This project evaluated the potential use of domestic wastewater for the cultivation of two microalgae (Scenedesmus sp and Chlorella sp). A central factorial system was used to evaluate the effect of photoperiod and nitrogen concentration in the medium. Photobioreactors of 300 mL, an intensity of 200 umol/m2 s were used and the initial pH was adjusted to a range of 6.8-7.2. Nutrient consumption, biomass, lipids and COD and TOC removal were monitored. The results showed that higher light exposure positively affected biomass concentration and lipid accumulation, and that treatments with lower nitrate concentration stimulated lipid production. Finally, it was found that Scenedesmus cultures achieved higher removal of organic pollutant load, reaching COD and TOC removals of 92% and 88%, respectively, while accumulating 23% of lipids. This work showed that Scenedesmus sp and Chlorella sp strains can remove the organic pollutant load above 80% and their biomass can contain a % lipid above 20%.

Topic: Environmental Engineering

THERMO-PHYSICAL BEHAVIOR OF KAOLINITIC SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH ARSENIC TREATED BY ELECTRO-REMEDIATION

PE�A RODR�GUEZ GABRIEL ¹, BECERRA MORENO DORANCE ², GOMEZ SARA ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Francisco de Paula Santander University ,

Email: ¹ gabrielpr@ufps.edu.co, ² dorancebm@ufps.edu.co, ³ saragabrielagp@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The behavior of the thermal properties at room temperature of kaolinitic soils contaminated with arsenic (As) treated by electro-remediation is presented. The kaolin samples were supplied by Santander SAS industries, which underwent chemical characterization using x-ray fluorescence (X-ray fluorescence). The 1000 ppm As standard solution used for soil contamination was supplied by Panreac�. For the preparation of the soil sample contaminated with As, a solution of As was used at 200 ppm at 26% humidity. The treatment using electro-remediation was carried out in a cylindrical cell with a radius of 2.15 cm and a length of 15.7 cm, which was adapted to two compartments that house the electrolyte solution (acetic acid at 0.03M) with a volume of 230 ml. The electrodes used were circular titanium meshes 0.5 mm thick and 4.5 cm in diameter, located at the ends of the cylindrical cell, which were connected to the UNI-T 3315 power source, in charge of supplying the potential difference (20 V), for 24 hours. The pH measurements of both the anolyte and the catholyte were measured using the SI Analytics� 680 multiparameter, while the thermal properties of the samples before and after the electro-remediation treatment were measured using the KD2 PRO system which uses the physical principle of linear transient heat flow. Our results show that during the electro-remediation process the pH of the anolyte decreased to a value of 1.9, while that of the catholyte increased to 4.6, which shows the migration of As ions from the sample to the anolyte, due to the electric field produced between the electrodes, on the other hand it was observed that both the diffusivity and the thermal conductivity in the soil sample in the area surrounding the anolyte were higher than those registered in the catholyte area, corroborating the transport of ions of As towards the anolyte, showing the effectiveness of the soil electro-remediation process. Keywords: electro-remediation, arsenic, electrolyte, pH, thermophysical properties.

Topic: Environmental Engineering

ARTIFICIAL SISMOS AND THEIR FEATURES FOR THE CITY OF SANTIAGO DE CALI.

CARDONA ANDRES ¹, ECHEVERRI OSCAR ², GAVIRIA CARLOS ³,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD MILITAR NUEVA GRANADA, ² Universidad Militar Nueva Granada. , ³ Universidad Militar Nueva Granada,

Email: ¹ d7302259@unimilitar.edu.co, ² d7302270@unimilitar.edu.co, ³ carlos.gaviria@unimilitar.edu.co,

Abstract: The selection of seismic records that represent the local conditions where the projects will be founded and scaling them to acquire the characteristics of the seismic activity and intensity of the area has begun to take a decisive place as the use of methodologies based on the linear or non-linear chronological analysis of seismic events. One of the tools available in some cities in Colombia are microzoning studies that collect geotechnical and geological characteristics and seismic history, among other characteristics, giving rise to a sectorization and grouping according to the level of the threat to which it can occur. be subject to a structure according to its location. The most consulted tool of this type of study is the response spectrum that contains the effect of the amplification or attenuation of the seismic wave on the response of the structure for a specific area of the city. This spectrum is used directly in the linear static or spectral analysis methods to determine from the structural analysis the maximum response of the structure for the design earthquake. However, for the response analysis of the structure over time, a group of seismic records is required that allow a broad evaluation of the possible seismic conditions to which the structure will be subjected in accordance with the Colombian Seismic Resistant Standard 2010 (NSR10). . In this sense, an alternative that has been used is the construction of artificial records compatible with a spectrum to guarantee a response of the structure that follows the shape of the spectrum used. However, this methodology requires the selection of a seed seismic record or alternatively a random white noise type signal is generated. This study evaluates the effect of the selection of the seed seismic record on the characteristics of compatible artificial seismic records. For which the city of Cali was selected, which has 6 zones divided into 13 micro zones according to the seismic microzoning study. Twelve unscaled seismic records were used as seed and correspond to those used in the modeling of the seismic response of the soil during the microzoning study. The ArtifQuakeLetII tools are used to generate 156 compatible artificial records (i.e. twelve artificial records per micro zone and twelve more compact with the acceleration spectrum of the NSR10 national regulation) and the SeismoSignal program to evaluate the characteristics of each artificial record. The results show that the magnitude of the earthquake used as seed controls the intensity of the artificial compatible earthquake independent of the shape of the spectrum used (i.e. the type of soil in the area), therefore, special care is taken in the selection of the real records that are used for the generation of artificial earthquakes is recommended.

Topic: Civil Engineering

DETERMINATION OF THE FLEXURAL BOND STRENGTH OF MORTAR JOINTS FOR SOLID FIRED CLAY BRICK PRISMS

AFANADOR GARC�A NELSON ¹, GUERRERO G�MEZ GUSTAVO ², NOLASCO SERNA CRISTIAN ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander seccional Oca�a, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Seccional Oca�a, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander seccional Oca�a,

Email: ¹ nafanadorg@ufpso.edu.co, ² gguerrerog@ufpso.edu.co, ³ cnolascos@ufpso.edu.co,

Abstract: Masonry constructions built with mortar and solid fired clay bricks are subject to: high cement content, excessive water-cement ratio causing problems of mortar shrinkage during curing and differential movements between the brick and mortar caused by movements due to wind or seismic events. Earth movements generate some failures in simple masonry walls and confined masonry in solid brick joints, mainly with failure inclination angles varying from 45 degrees to 50 degrees. The objective of this research work was to estimate the flexural bond strength of the mortar joint and the solid fired clay brick and thus establish design parameters for non-structural masonry in the municipality of Oca�a, Norte de Santander department, Colombia. From the fired clay brick manufacturers, 18 in total, simple random sampling was used to determine the sample size, 4 manufacturers were randomly selected. In addition, the characterization of the solid fired clay brick units was carried out with respect to their compressive strength, initial absorption rate and final absorption, as well as the mortar with respect to its compressive strength at 28 days, for mortar type M, N, and S according to the Colombian Regulation of Seismic Resistant Constructions. For the determination of the flexural strength of the bonding mortar and solid brick units, a semi-automatic machine for flexural strength testing of masonry units, Pinzuar model PC-13, with a force measurement of 1000 N and an accuracy of 0.1 N, was designed. The flexural strength at the masonry joint was obtained for mortar type M with a value of 0.26 MPa, with a standard deviation of 0.01 MPa and a coefficient of variation of 4.72%. As for mortars type N and S, the average strength value was equal to 0.24 MPa for the two types of mortar, with standard deviation of 0.03 MPa and 0.01 MPa respectively, and coefficient of variation of 11.4 % and 3.18 % respectively. Given the importance of the variables, a physical interpretation of the relationship between the properties was made: compressive strength of the solid fired clay brick and flexural strength at the masonry joint, since their average values were similar.

Topic: Civil Engineering

DETERMINATION OF THE RATIO BETWEEN THE PLASTICITY OF CLAY AND THE EXPANSION CAPACITY DUE TO CHANGES IN HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE BY CALCINATION.

PINEDA RODRIGUEZ JOSE RICARDO ¹, CACERES RUBIO JOSE RAFAEL ², ROJAS SUAREZ JHAN PIERO ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ josericardopr@ufps.edu.co, ² joserafaelcr@ufps.edu.co, ³ jhanpierorojas@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The physical and geotechnical study is essential to understand the behavior of clay materials. Clay is a cohesive material that tends to vary in volume due to changes in humidity and/or temperature due to calcination. The experimental analysis of the expansiveness of the clays is directly linked to plasticity, which depends on the expansive minerals that the sample contains. The aim to this project is to analyze the relationship between the plasticity index and the expansion capacity due to changes in humidity and temperature. For this purpose, several types of clay from the metropolitan area of San Jos� de C�cuta were studied. Atterberg limits analyzes were carried out with which the plasticity index of each of the analyzed samples was determined. In addition, a test tube free expansion test was carried out to determine the volumetric change that the material presents when changing humidity. The clay was also calcined at temperatures above 1100 �C, to determine the volumetric variation due to temperature changes. Clays with a plasticity index between 10% and 20% presented an expansion by humidity between 5% and 10%, and an expansion by calcination between 3% and 7%, so it can be deduced that the expansion is low. While the clay samples with a plasticity between 20% and 40% presented an expansion by humidity between 28% and 40%, and an expansion by calcination between 20% and 45%, so it can be deduced that the expansion it is moderately high. The results found show that there is a certain relationship between plasticity, which depends on the liquid limit and plastic limit of the clays, and the expansion capacity due to changes in humidity and temperature due to calcination.

Topic: Civil Engineering

ESTIMATION OF THE MANNING AND CHEZY FLOW RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS IN RIVER STRETCHES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF NORTE DE SANTANDER

CELY CALIXTO NELSON JAVIER ¹, MENDOZA EUDORO FABIAN ², PRADILLA ATUESTA JOHAN SEBASTI�N ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander - UFPS, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ nelsonjaviercc@ufps.edu.co, ² fabianme@ufps.edu.co, ³ johansebastianpa@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: In hydraulics, the flow rate through a river channel is defined in terms of the amount of fluid flowing or passing through a given section area per unit time. The flow rate can be estimated through Manning's equation, which considers parameters such as: area, wetted perimeter, hydraulic radius and slope that are measurable. However, the coefficient that reflects the amount of dynamic resistance to flow, universally called Manning's "n", is selected at the discretion of the engineer, presenting the uncertainty that this value is not always the one that adequately reflects the characteristic of the channel. There is no equipment to measure this coefficient, however, by means of different devices and topographic stations it is possible to measure in the field with great precision the variables that interfere in the formulas, to make clearances of Manning's formula and to estimate with precision this value of resistance to the flow, which can be adjusted by means of one-dimensional modeling. Likewise, it is possible to implement this principle to estimate the "c" of the Chezy equation to find the flow velocity in a given channel. Therefore, this research project aims to reduce the uncertainty in the value of the coefficients, performing the "indirect measurement" in sections of rivers in the department of Norte de Santander: Peralonso river, Pamplonita river and Zulia river. In the study sections, the geomorphology of the basins was characterized with the help of the bathymetric survey and the geometric elements of the rivers were established, to verify the Manning flow resistance coefficients under normal conditions, granulometric material was extracted for its respective characterization and screening, one-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling was implemented, finally obtaining the values of the Manning flow resistance coefficients and water velocity with the Chezy formula. In this sense, it was obtained that the flow resistance coefficient "n" increases at a higher slope as evidenced in the estimation of coefficients in the Peralonso river section (longitudinal slope of the river bottom of 0.004), with a Manning's "n" of 0.0382. While in the Pamplonita and Zulia river sections (longitudinal slope of the river bottom of 0.002) lower values of 0.036 and 0.0358, respectively, were obtained. As for the estimates of Chezy's "c", values of 20.914 were obtained for the Peralonso river, 28.389 for the Zulia river and 23.893 for the Pamplonita river. Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)

Topic: Civil Engineering

FREQUENT PATHOLOGIES IN THE HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES OF THE AQUEDUCT SYSTEMS OF NORTE DE SANTANDER

BONILLA GRANADOS CARLOS ALEXIS ¹, ROJAS SU�REZ JHAN PIERO ², CACERES RUBIO JOSE RAFAEL ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander , ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ carlosalexisbg@ufps.edu.co, ² Jhanpierorojas@ufps.edu.co, ³ joserafaelcr@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Aqueduct systems have a large number of hydraulic structures in their infrastructure, which, being exposed to weather conditions, flow variations and their useful life, cause the system to develop problems over time that result in significant damage and cause long repair periods. For this study, the pathologies were identified from a visual inspection of the hydraulic structures of the aqueduct systems of Norte de Santander, involving the municipalities of Durania, Oca�a, Chin�cota and the city of C�cuta, which were grouped in an inventory using formats prepared by the authors for the identification of lesions, where the pathologies presented in the structures were evidenced. It was possible to identify the total number of pathologies in each Drinking Water Treatment Plant (DWTP) reviewed, which consisted of: 58 pathologies in the Chin�cota DWTP, 37 pathologies in the Durania DWTP, 31 pathologies in the Carmen de Tonchal� DWTP in C�cuta, 29 pathologies in the El P�rtico DWTP in C�cuta and 22 pathologies in the Oca�a DWTP. The ten most common pathologies found were organic substances, anthill, color variation, cracks, humidity, filtration, metallic corrosion, detachment of pipes, and disintegration. The most recurrent hydraulic structures in the appearance of pathologies were the settling tanks with a number of (39) and flocculators with a number of (35), showing the highest number of lesions in these elements, this is because these structures contain large amounts of liquid and, therefore, these lesions can be associated with excessive stresses due to hydrostatic pressure and earth movement. It should be noted that the aqueduct of the municipality of Chin�cota was the system in which the largest number (8) of hydraulic structures was analyzed and where more information was collected. Finally, a proposal was generated to mitigate damages by means of constructive processes that would allow repairing the injuries or diseases present in the structures. Also, maintenance guidelines are presented to prevent and repair the most common types of pathologies, since most of the hydraulic structures showed failures due to lack of maintenance.

Topic: Civil Engineering

HAZARDOUS IN ANALYSIS OF SUSCEPTIBILITY BY SLOW FLOOD. CASE STUDY: BRIDGE R�O NUEVO PRESIDENTE IN NORTH OF SANTANDER, COLOMBIA

CARRILLO SOTO GUSTAVO ADOLFO ¹, BARRERA CORTES JORGE ENRIQUE ², DIAZ RAMIREZ ANA GABRIELA ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander - C�cuta, ² Planeacion y Desarrollo Ltda, ³ Planeaci�n y Desarrollo Ltda,

Email: ¹ gustavocarrillo@ufps.edu.co, ² jorgebarrera7@yahoo.com.mx, ³ gabydiazramirez2015@gmail.com,

Abstract: The use of flood maps is an important element in the three processes of disaster risk management: awareness, reduction (corrective and prospective intervention) and disaster management. Regarding public investment projects in infrastructure, article 38 Law 1523 of 2012 declares mandatory to incorporate, from the formulation stage, a disaster risk analysis that considers the complexity and nature of the project. Within the seven types of flood maps contemplated in the document "Methodological Guide for the elaboration of flood maps" prepared by the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies of Colombia - IDEAM, the speed and depth maps allow to categorize the threat and dangerousness, the latter being a relatively new concept in engineering exercises in Latin America. This project determines the danger due to slow flooding for the bridge over the Nuevo Presidente River (120 m long) and its access embankments based on speed and depth maps, built from hydrological and hydraulic modeling, and GIS processing. Qualitative and quantitative criteria from IDEAM and other international scientific technical institutions were implemented. Problems such as the scarcity of hydro-climatological information, possible solution alternatives and the use of social cartography as a way of verifying results in hydraulic simulation are addressed. For this case study, it is detected that the extension of the flood area does not imply danger for the infrastructure and exposed elements. The speed maps generate indications of the strips with the highest susceptibility where risk mitigation infrastructure is projected. It is expected to contribute to the discussion and implementation of the concept of hazardousness in engineering studies at the regional and national level.

Topic: Civil Engineering

HYDRAULIC OPTIMIZATION OF THE C�CUTA AQUEDUCT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM UNDER THE CONCEPT OF RESILIENCE INDEX AND MINIMUM COST

BONILLA GRANADOS CARLOS ALEXIS ¹, CELY CALIXTO NELSON JAVIER ², BECERRA MORENO DORANCE ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander - UFPS, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ carlosalexisbg@ufps.edu.co, ² nelsonjaviercc@ufps.edu.co, ³ dorancebm@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Drinking water distribution networks (DWDS) are an essential part of the priority supply service for the development and proper functioning of a society. The hydraulic designs of a drinking water distribution network are developed by methodologies based on trial and error tests, which yield feasible results, but may be far from being the most economical and reliable solution, since these design methodologies do not include any optimization criteria. In this sense, the objective of this work is to establish an optimized hydraulic model of the matrix network based on the concept of resilience index and minimum cost. The methodology consisted of modeling the C�cuta aqueduct distribution network in EPANET software, calculating the network connectivity coefficient, calculating the unit power of each section of the network, and finally, optimizing diameters and calculating the cost-benefit ratio. By means of this, a model was developed to identify the pipes in the existing network that could be replaced in order to obtain a higher resilience index of the network and therefore increase its reliability. It was found that the current aqueduct distribution network supplied by the Pamplonita river basin does not have a surplus of energy that would allow it to overcome an eventual failure in the system. With the proposed adjustments in the aqueduct network, the total energy surplus of the network went from 4849.7 mca (meters water column) to 17526.36 mca, an increase of 361.39 %. This means that the obtained network presents a high reliability, since it indicates the available energy to be dissipated under a fault environment, which is expressed as the difference between the current piezometric head and the minimum required piezometric head. This index can be used to measure the reliability of an RDAP. The resilience index of the network was increased from an initial value of IR=0.07139 to IR=0. 489 there was an increase of 585 % in relation to the initial value, going from being an unreliable network to a resilient network capable of overcoming system failures (in terms of flow and pressure) since this index refers to how much surplus energy there is in a network and mathematically is given by the ratio between the surplus power per unit weight provided to the network and the maximum power per unit weight that can be dissipated internally while still satisfying the minimum pressure. The connectivity coefficient was improved with an average value of 0.95, obtaining practical connectivities, i.e., the pipes connected to the same node do not vary widely in diameter.

Topic: Civil Engineering

INFLUENCE OF THE MIXING AND COMPACTION TEMPERATURE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A DRAINING MIXTURE WITH THE USE OF AN ADDITIVE (RECYCLED RUBBER).

YUNG VARGAS YEE WAN ¹,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ yeewanyv@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Draining mixtures are characterized by presenting a void content with air between 20% and 25%, which allows the water that falls on the pavement surface to drain quickly, reducing the hydroplaning phenomenon and guaranteeing greater safety to users. of the tracks. Since the asphalt cement present in the asphalt mix, comes in contact with water for a longer time, it tends to lose its adherence with the stone aggregate particles. For this reason, the use of additives that improve adhesion and guarantee a greater durability of dreading asphalt mixtures is recommended. In this research, the crushed rubber residue was used, from disused tires, which are separated from their other components and crushed to an ideal size to be used for engineering purposes, such as the modification of asphalt cement. The research work consisted of modifying asphalt cement type CA 60-70 mm / 10, with crushed tire, combining the asphalt cement with 5 percentages of rubber (0%, 10%, 12%, 15% and 17%), the first of it called the conventional mix. The temperature used in the modification of the asphalt cement CA 60-70 mm / 10, varied between 160�C and 170�C. After modifying the asphalt cement, it was characterized, in order to determine the optimum percentage of crushed rubber. After this procedure, both the modified drainage mixtures were manufactured; joining the stone aggregate with the asphalt cement CA 60-70 mm / 10 modified with the optimum percentage of rubber, such as unmodified draining mixtures. This last so-called conventional mixture was mixed at 130 � C and compacted (100 � C, 110 � C, 130 � C). The draining mixes with the use of shredded tire residue were mixed at 160 � C and 170 � C; the compaction was carried out at temperatures of (110�C, 130�C, 150�C) for the 160�C mixture and (150�C, 160�C, 170�C) for the 170�C mixture. The granulometry used for the manufacture of all the draining mixtures is that indicated in Article 453 of the National Highways Institute (INV�AS-2013). The draining mixtures were compacted at 50 strokes on each face, manufacturing briquettes of 1000 grams, according to the guidelines determined by INV�AS-2013. 5 samples were manufactured for each percentage of asphalt cement used, both in the conventional mix and in the modified drainage mixes. The specimens were tested in the C�ntabro test, where the dry and wet abrasion wear was determined, in the Los Angeles machine, at a revolution of 300 revolutions. The latter consisted of subjecting the samples in a water bath to a temperature of 60�C for 24 hours. In this way, the percentage of rubber modified asphalt was chosen that would guarantee less wear on the briquettes, taking into account the influence of their mixing and compaction temperature. As conclusions, it was observed that the use of crushed rubber residue increased the wear resistance both dry and wet in the draining mixtures, compared to the conventional draining mixtures. Likewise, it was identified that the draining mixtures that were mixed and compacted at a higher temperature (170�C mixing and compaction) showed less wear, compared to the mixtures that were mixed and compacted at a lower temperature.

Topic: Civil Engineering

LABOR PRODUCTIVITY STUDY FOR THE ACTIVITIES WITH THE GREATEST ECONOMIC IMPACT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A BUILDING

ANGARITA USCATEGUI PEDRO NEL ¹, GALLARDO AMAYA ROMEL JES�S ², CELY CALIXTO NELSON JAVIER ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Oca�a, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Oca�a, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander - UFPS,

Email: ¹ pnangaritau@ufpso.edu.co, ² rjgallardoa@ufpso.edu.co, ³ nelsonjaviercc@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: This research analyzed the labor productivity of the activities with the greatest economic impact in the construction of phase 4 of the building for one of the UFPS Oca�a faculties; For this, the sample size was established for the minimum daily observations made for each activity through the infinite population formula recommended for this type of study. The data obtained were randomly sampled in the field on different days of the project's work week. The productivity of the work Crew of the selected activities was measured using the Crew Balance technique, which yielded results that allowed measuring said productivity in terms of work categories: productive work (PW), contributory work (CW) and non-contributory work (NCW ), as well as the distribution of the processes that are integrated into the Crew in the development of the tasks of each activity and their time, which are important to make an adjustment to the Crew and optimize this resource in terms of its production. The results revealed that within the selected activities, the ready-mixed concrete item for beams showed a better performance in terms of productive work, this was due to the optimization of resources and the tasks used for its execution; on the contrary, lightened mezzanine slab with ready-mixed concrete showed a different behavior where the percentage of (NCW)was 26.85% not complying with the established optimal value that oscillates in (NCW)15.00% due to the tasks that do not add value to this activity.

Topic: Civil Engineering

OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE ROAD NETWORK OF OCA�A (COLOMBIA). APPLICATION OF AN URBAN TERRITORIAL ACCESSIBILITY ANALYSIS

CABRERA JIM�NEZ LUCILA TERESA ¹, NAVARRO S�NCHEZ LORSY ², GALLARDO AMAYA ROMEL JES�S ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Oca�a, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Oca�a, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Oca�a,

Email: ¹ lucicaji@hotmail.com, ² lorsytuns11@hotmail.com, ³ rjgallardoa@ufpso.edu.co,

Abstract: An accessibility analysis allows determining if the road infrastructure and its interaction with the transport modes that circulate through it provide the conditions for adequate mobility within a territory. This work allowed establishing the real conditions of accessibility offered by the road network through the different transport modes and their relation with the road classification established in the current mobility plan for the municipality of Oca�a. The results showed a great difference between the road classification and the real operating speeds. The conditions in which the municipality has developed have given rise to a system of mobility in which traveling on foot account for about 39% at rush hour, compared to 25% on public transport and 18% on motorcycles. In general, travels are made towards the central zone and market square of the city

Topic: Civil Engineering

PROBABILISTIC SEISMIC HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF SAN JOS� DE C�CUTA, COLOMBIA

SERENO VARGAS BRAYAN STIVEN ¹, FL�REZ G�NGORA CARLOS HUMBERTO ², LOZANO LOZANO CARLOS FERNANDO ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad de Santander,

Email: ¹ brayanstivensv@ufps.edu.co, ² carloshumbertofg@ufps.edu.co, ³ ca.lozano@mail.udes.edu.co,

Abstract: This investigative work evaluated the seismic threat of the city of San Jos� de C�cuta, Colombia, using the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA). Using the methodology developed by Hanks and Cornell (1994), seismic hazard curves were obtained with a set of attenuation equations which relate the mean annual rate of earthquake exceedance against Peak ground acceleration values (PGA). It was assumed that the occurrence of the events presented in the area within the period of time analyzed follows a Poisson distribution with a constant average rate of occurrence of space-time earthquakes. Three catalogs with historical and instrumental seismic events occurred between the years 1644 to 2020 were consulted for the analysis of seismic activity in the study area, the magnitude of the events was homogenized to Mw and earthquakes greater than or equal to 4.0 Mw were taken. The mean PGA values obtained for the return periods of 50, 475, 1000 and 2000 years, were of 0.21 g, 0.33 g, 0.39 g and 0.44 g respectively. Comparing the effective peak horizontal acceleration value (Aa) defined for the city in the current earthquake resistant norm in Colombia (NSR10) for the return period of 475 years, PGA values greater than those defined in the normative were obtained with two equations of attenuation. There is an 8.6% increase in the PGA values, which urgently suggests a revaluation of the value given in the standard, which would have a strong effect on the earthquake resistant design of structures for the city of San Jos� de C�cuta. With the results obtained, the level of high seismic threat in which the city is located has been corroborated, the execution of the seismic microzoning study is urgent to reduce the seismic risk and the threat from the occurrence of large earthquakes.

Topic: Civil Engineering

SPRINGS: AN EXAMPLE OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF PHYSICS TO STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BEAMS SUPPORTED ON MASONRY WALLS.

MARQUEZ PE�ARANDA JORGE FERNANDO ¹, CACERES RUBIO JOSE RAFAEL ², PALACIOS PAB�N JOS� DANIEL ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ jorgefernandomp@ufps.edu.co, ² joserafaelcr@ufps.edu.co , ³ josedanielpppap@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Hooke's Law states that in a spring that is stressed within its elastic range, the force is proportional to the deformation that occurs in the direction of that force. Although, most springs have elastoplastic behavior, the main interest of many applications is focused on their elastic behavior, that is, where they respond following a constant force / deformation relationship. In particular, the analysis of civil works structures such as beams and frames, require a skillful handling of branches of physics such as statics and solid mechanics. Usually, these structures are modeled in a simplified manner using roller, pinned or fixed supports that facilitate the solution of the systems of equations associated. However, in real conditions, there are various intermediate states between these types of supports that are not well represented by those supports. An example of this situation occurs when a beam is supported on masonry walls where the real physical constraints are far from the idealizations given by the supports described. This implies that the real values of bending moments and shear forces can vary significantly with respect to what is idealized. This work investigates the influence of replacing idealized supports for spring systems that produce the same displacements and rotations predicted by a finite element program. For this, a model is proposed that considers the influence of external forces, the moment of inertia and area of the sections, the properties of the materials and the general geometry of the structure upon the bending moments and shear forces. The results of the study are presented as relative efficiency (percentage) related to a pattern, in graphs and tables that describe the relationship between the various variables. These results are discussed and used to present recommendations and conclusions on the applicability of this work in the teaching of physics, in practical applications and in the planning of new research projects.

Topic: Civil Engineering

STUDY OF THE HISTORICAL SEISMICITY OF THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF C�CUTA, BETWEEN THE YEARS 1875 AND 2015

PEDROZA ROJAS �LVARO ORLANDO ¹, DUQUE ANDREINA ², ANAYA CA��M SONIA CATHERINE ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² UFPS, ³ UFPS,

Email: ¹ alvaroorlandopr@ufps.edu.co, ² andelvalle28@gmail.com, ³ katheanaya0412@gmail.com,

Abstract: ABSTRACT C�cuta is one of the Colombian cities that has literally been devastated by an earthquake (Earthquake of May 18, 1875); however, before the present research, it lacked a study that would account for the historical seismicity of the metropolitan area of C�cuta, which, being located at the lower vertex of the tectonic microplate of Lake Maracaibo, defined by the Bocon� and Aguas Calientes faults, presents dire seismic antecedents. This article is one of the products of a bibliographic and documentary research on the historical seismicity of C�cuta, carried out within the GEOENERG�A Research Group, as a graduate work, by the authors referenced here. The general objective of the project was to provide documentary unity and to make a critical reading and meta-analysis of the existing isolated information on seismicity in the metropolitan area of C�cuta, thus generating an important input for the elaboration of the seismic microzonification project, required for all municipalities with a population of more than 100,000 inhabitants, according to the normative provision included in the National Development Plan of Colombia. The research, of a documentary and descriptive nature, made it possible to compile and organize in a systemic way the information on historical seismicity of C�cuta and its areas of influence, in the 1875�2015-time window. It was based on journalistic, narrative, and academic information, as well as various articles on some telluric events that occurred in Norte de Santander or outside it, but with impact on the city of C�cuta. The article and the paper will show some general features about the seismic environment of the city, the most important telluric events and the lessons learned from the exercise of gathering and unifying information about the seismic characteristics of C�cuta. As an anticipated corollary of the paper, it is pertinent to point out that if there is a lesson to be highlighted from the research exercise, it is the need to record as much information as possible, every time a natural event such as the one analyzed affects the city, considering that such record becomes a vitally important reference for analysis and decision making.

Topic: Civil Engineering

USE OF GEOPHYSICS TO DETERMINE THE SOIL PROFILE IN THE GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS OF THE CITY OF OCA�A, N.S

GALLARDO AMAYA ROMEL JES�S ¹, ORTEGA LOZANO LU�S FERNANDO ², GUERRERO G�MEZ GUSTAVO ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Oca�a, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Oca�a, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Seccional Oca�a,

Email: ¹ rjgallardoa@ufpso.edu.co, ² lfortegal21@gmail.com, ³ gguerrerog@ufpso.edu.co,

Abstract: At present, the use of geophysical techniques to establish the shear wave velocity profile of soil has become widespread, one of these techniques corresponds to refraction by micro-tremors, which makes use of environmental noise to measure the shear wave velocity - Vs, a parameter that allows establishing the soil profile according to what is indicated in the Reglamento Colombiano de Construcci�n Sismo Resistente. For the development of the research, geophysical tests were carried out in 7 sectors of the south-eastern area of the city, 15 lines in sectors with the presence of materials from a geological formation of sedimentary origin, and 15 in a sector with materials from a geological formation of igneous origin. The sounding lines were carried out with an extension of 58 m, to establish the variation of shear wave velocity in the upper 30 m of the soil profile. It was found that the shear wave velocities in the soil profile with materials of sedimentary origin are lower than those determined in the soil profile with materials derived from igneous rocks. The mean values of shear wave velocity determined were 402 m / s for the 30 m soil profile with materials of sedimentary origin and 688 m / s for the soil profile of igneous origin. These values indicate, according to the Norma Sismo Resistente Colombiana, a type C soil profile. Additionally, the determining shear wave velocity profiles indicate that there is significant variability in the different sectors of the city where there are formation materials of sedimentary origin.

Topic: Civil Engineering

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING: A SYSTEMATIC MAPPING STUDY

CUESTA QUINTERO BYRON ¹, SANGUINO REYES MAGRETH ROSSIO ²,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Oca�a, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Oca�a,

Email: ¹ byroncuesta@ufpso.edu.co, ² mrsanguinor@ufpso.edu.co,

Abstract: As software permeates all areas of society, it becomes essential to deliver quality products that meet their demands, making this a requirement and a challenge for the software industry. Artificial intelligence has become an effective tool to solve problems in all fields of science; software engineering is no stranger to this need and therefore, it has been successfully used in the different activities of the software development process. Identifying the potential of artificial intelligence to improve productivity in software development teams during the requirements engineering process defines the object of study. The research used systematic literature mapping to identify the contribution of artificial intelligence in requirements engineering practices between 2010 and 2020. The execution of the methodology allowed answering the research questions from thirty studies that were selected based on the definition of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results obtained reveal that the research related to the topic is mainly oriented to solve problems in the capture, organization, classification, traceability and optimization of requirements and in the use of models to represent the problem space. On the other hand, considering that it is possible to apply artificial intelligence in the early stages of agile software development, there is a very promising field for new research in this area.

Topic: Software Engineering and Simulation

A SEMIAUTOMATIC APPROACH TO IDENTIFY ARCHITECTURAL TECHNICAL DEBT FROM HETEROGENEOUS ARTIFACTS

PEREZ BORIS R. ¹, VERA RIVERA FREDY HUMBERTO ², CORREAL DAR�O ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad de los Andes,

Email: ¹ borisperezg@ufps.edu.co, ² fredyhumbertovera@ufps.edu.co, ³ dcorreal@uniandes.edu.co,

Abstract: Architectural technical debt (ATD) is a metaphor used to describe decisions made by architects to achieve short-term objectives, but which may negatively affect the maintainability of the system. Despite its importance, ATD does not receive sufficient attention from architectural teams because it is difficult to identify, measure, and prioritize, and its value is related to the long-term maintenance and evolution of a system. In this paper, a model-based approach is presented that focuses on building a classification model for ATD identification based on information collected from artifacts produced during architecture design. The survey-based research method was used to evaluate its usefulness and usability by the software community in Colombia. This model allows architects to support conscious and unconscious ATD management in their software projects.

Topic: Software Engineering and Simulation

FLUID-DYNAMIC STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOR OF THE AIR INSIDE A TEXTILE STENTER

PARRA LLANOS JOHN WILMER ¹, BASTOS QUADRI MARINTHO ², RODR�GUEZ ORDO�EZ DORA CECILIA ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, ³ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER,

Email: ¹ johnwilmerpl@ufps.edu.co, ² marintobastos@gmail.com, ³ doraceciliaro@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: In the textile industry, drying is one of the most important processes. This process requires large investments and high energy consumption, which translates into high costs for companies in this sector. This work presents a modeling of the behavior of the air in a textile Stenter under real operating conditions through the development of fluid-dynamic simulations. For the computational modeling of the problem, a 3D geometry was constructed based on measurements taken from an injector of a textile Stenter. The standard k-ε turbulence model was used in the turbulent flow solution. The equations of the model were solved numerically using the finite element method. The standard k-ε turbulence model proved to be a model capable of reproducing the behavior of the air in the injectors of the textile Stenter.

Topic: Software Engineering and Simulation

MOBILE APPLICATION FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND TREATMENT OF DISCALCULIA IN STUDENTS OF THE ELEMENTARY BASIC GRADES

SUAREZ BRIEVA EYDY DEL CARMEN ¹, MARTINEZ ACOSTA DEIVIS DE JESUS ², BAQUERO TORRES CARLOS MARIO ³, RAMOS CA�AS DARIO ANDR�S RAMOS CA�AS ⁴,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD POPULAR DEL CESAR, ² Universidad Popular del Cesar, ³ Universidad Popular del Cesar, ⁴ UNIVERSIDAD POPULAR DEL CESAR,

Email: ¹ eydysuarez@unicesar.edu.co, ² deivismartinez@unicesar.edu.co, ³ cmbaquero@unicesar.edu.co, ⁴ dandresramos@unicesar.edu.co,

Abstract: The realization of basic mathematical calculations is essential in the daily life of the human being, therefore, the learning of mathematics must be present from an early age; On some occasions during the teaching-learning process, difficulties in appropriating them are identified in children, which affects their ability to understand, analyze and perform mathematical and number-based operations, this learning disability is known by the name dyscalculia, a term composed of the Greek word dys ("difficulty with") and calculia ("average calculations") and defined as a difficulty in mathematical functioning resulting from a brain-based mathematical processing disorder without compromise of other areas of learning . (Romero and Latorre, 2015) In most cases, this disorder goes unnoticed because, by affecting a single area of learning, in the rest of the skills the child maintains a level similar to that of his classmates. The prevalence of this disorder is estimated worldwide between 3% and 6% of the population (Pe�a & Bernab�u, 2018), despite its high incidence, there are not computer tools on the market that allow teachers to focus on the problem situation and achieve through technology to strengthen those areas where the student has shortcomings. It is important to indicate that the learning difficulty in mathematics manifests itself when the child finds it difficult to learn to count, do basic mathematical calculations, define groups of objects and in spatial thinking (Romero and Latorre, 2015). Based on the problems presented, the objective of this study is to implement a mobile application for the identification and treatment of dyscalculia in students of the elementary school grades, to achieve this it is necessary to analyze the different pedagogical tools and strategies used in the teaching and learning process, identification and treatment of students with dyscalculia. Subsequently, the architecture of the system was designed, establishing the data model and its components, in order to capture and develop the application, the following modules were considered: diagnosis this allowed through a test to identify the degree of dyscalculia and the areas of mathematics in which the child has greater learning difficulties, later an intervention was carried out to reinforce through teaching materials and practical exercises, the subjects in which they present greater difficulty. The user management module allowed to have access and control to the system, it facilitated the student access to the contents, activities and the teacher to monitor the learning process. The module of subjects and content management were designed based on the identified difficulty, didactic activities, and results. The implementation of the mobile application reinforced the areas of greatest difficulty identified in the learner, in its development it is necessary to use the MongoDB atlas database management system. Framework Flutter, the Dart programming language, and tools such as Visual Studio Code and Design Integrated Development Environments (IDEs): Photoshop and Figma. Finally, the mobile application was validated through the implementation of tests that allowed determining the appropriation of knowledge and based on the results obtained, the impact generated with it was analyzed and thus it was determined if significant advances were achieved in the child's learning and through of a comparative study, the level of evolution was determined. The implementation of the mobile application proposed in this project improved the students' performance in the area of mathematics and helped them overcome their learning difficulties. On the other hand, it provides teachers with saving time in the development of activities and in monitoring the learning progress of their students. For data processing, an experimental design was applied that allowed determine the level of significance and appropriation of knowledge the data will be taken from the grades obtained in the evaluations and other proposed activities.

Topic: Software Engineering and Simulation

PROPOSED MVC ARCHITECTURE AS A LEARNING TOOL FOR OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

CARRILLO D�AZ ROBERTO ANTONIO ¹, RINC�N RODR�GUEZ YURGEN DENILSON ², PEDROZA EDDY MARITZA ³, MENESES JAIMES ELLELVER ARLEYNDER ⁴,
¹ FESC, ² FESC, ³ FESC, ⁴ FESC,

Email: ¹ est_ra_carrillo@fesc.edu.co, ² art_yd_rincon@fesc.edu.co, ³ est_em_pedraza@fesc.edu.co, ⁴ ea_meneses@fesc.edu.co,

Abstract: The model is practically going to be in charge of the data, it has the responsibility of relating the data with which the application is going to operate, such as queries, searches, updates, creation of information and its elimination (etc). In general, the model is in charge of mapping the activities of the real world to the way in which the information is going to be modified and of being in constant interaction with the database; the controller, as its name implies, is in charge of controlling. The controller receives the orders or events from the user through the view and is going to be in charge of requesting the data from the model to later communicate that data to the view, it is also responsible for choosing which view is the one that must be shown to the user according to to the request received, which is why it is the link that joins the model with the view; and finally the view, refers to everything that comes to be the front end, it is the visual presentation of the data of the model, everything that is a graphical interface and each graphical element that interacts with the user will go in this layer , its function is to obtain information about what the user wants (events).

Topic: Software Engineering and Simulation

REST WEB SERVICES DEVELOPMENT: A PERSPECTIVE FROM THE SYMFONY

GARCIA TORRES MAR�A FERNANDA ¹,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Oca�a,

Email: ¹ mfgarciat@ufpso.edu.co,

Abstract: Nowadays, web services are considered as the basis of a new stage in the development of distributed systems, especially the Representational State Transfer (REST) style, which has been causing a great change in the field of software engineering since 2000. The REST style brought web services closer to the web architecture and represents a lightweight way to create scalable web services. In that sense and in order to achieve the integration of distributed applications, Symfony in its working environment, has some alternatives of Bundle integrator components based on the REST style, which aims to achieve a quick and easy construction of requests. Bundles are a series of tools that allow the use of own functionalities or those developed by third parties, in order to distribute and implement them in other projects. This paper describes the technical aspects of the bundle component that allows a Symfony application to expose and consume services using the REST architectural style. As a result, a component was obtained that allows to perform operations to access and manipulate resources of a web application as REST services and expose them by using a generic controller developed in Symfony under the support of an annotation component of the platform itself, to identify entities and repositories as web resources. These annotations are translated into input variables to validate the mandatory fields of the entities and subsequently project the requested web service.

Topic: Software Engineering and Simulation

WEB SYSTEM FOR DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT OF THE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PROGRAM OF THE FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER UNIVERSITY (UFPS)

RODRIGUEZ TENJO JUDIH DEL PILAR ¹, GALLARDO PEREZ OSCAR ALBERTO ²,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ judithdelpilarrt@ufps.edu.co, ² oscargallardo@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Summary. The systems engineering program at the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander (UPFS) is committed to quality in all its processes, and therefore seeks to improve its information systems. The implementation of a Document Management System would generate a strengthening of the management and documentation of the processes of the program, on the other hand, allow to track and control the versions of the documents, with which it will have the opportunity to carry an efficient information management, to know the actors involved in the updates of the documents and their status. The objective is the development of a Web application, focused on the document management of the Systems Engineering program of the UFPS, which is adjusted to the user's needs. The technological method is composed of a set of stages with feedbacks that systematically followed facilitate obtaining the results and the adequacy to the initial requirements of the web application. The web application is developed in five stages: analysis stage, where the requirements are obtained and classified; design stage, when the technological scenario is defined and the solution is structured; development stage, when the design is implemented in a software product; test run stage, where the product is emulated and simulated by adjusting details, the performance is evaluated and finally, in the delivery stage, with the purpose of adapting the application to it. In addition, the article presents the results of the development of the web application using the proposed method.

Topic: Software Engineering and Simulation

CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF A FRANCIS TYPE HYDRAULIC TURBINE

ALGARRA RINC�N ALVARO FERNEY ¹, BERM�DEZ SANTAELLA JOSE RICARDO ², TARAZONA CELIS CRISTIAN LEONARDO ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ alvaroferneyar@ufps.edu.co, ² josericardobs@ufps.edu.co, ³ cristianleonardotc@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Research related to green hydroelectric energy has revealed the environmental impact generated in the construction of dam reservoir plants, in addition to the presence of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in operation, due to the decomposition of material organic deposited in stagnant water accumulations, including the characterization of the uncertainty generated by climate change for those countries with great hydraulic potential and that over time have exploited it as is the case of Colombia, in addition to establishing solutions to contribute decentralization of energy resources and universal access to modern energy services. This project presents research in the field of control aimed at sustainable development and mitigation of the growing demand for energy at the national level, through the design and simulation of a control system, capable of monitoring and improving the behavior of the hydraulic turbine with a greater presence in small hydroelectric plants (PCH) according to international standards those with a power less than 20MW such as Francis. The mathematical model extracted from the literature related to the behavior of the hydraulic turbine is simulated in the engineering software for the study of dynamic systems Matlab / Simulink, then the parameters related to the measurement of sensitive variables such as power and speed are adjusted. that allow stipulating an adequate design of the traditional control as a first approach, followed by a neural network. Finally, it seeks to contribute to the strategies or initiatives proposed in the National Energy Plan 2020-2050, improving the way in which and where energy is produced, in addition to investigating energy efficiency from the digitalization of processes and improvement of the technology available and accessible to Colombian society, and therefore generate the scientific and technological impacts required for the development of the country.

Topic: Electrical, Electronic and Telecommunications Engineering

DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND MODELING OF A LORA NETWORK INSTALLED IN A BODY OF FRESHWATER.

GUERRA LONDO�O MATEO ¹, BOTERO VALENCIA JUAN SEBASTIAN ², REYES VERA ERICK ³, URREA GUSTAVO ⁴,
¹ Instituto Tecnol�gico Metropolitano , ² Instituto Tecnol�gico Metropolitano, ³ Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano, ⁴ Instituto Tecnol�gico Metropolitano,

Email: ¹ mateoguerra251449@correo.itm.edu.co, ² juanbotero@itm.edu.co, ³ erickreyes@itm.edu.co, ⁴ gustavourrea314860@correo.itm.edu.co,

Abstract: Low power consumption, long range and low transfer rate wireless communication networks are currently used in a wide range of applications associated with the internet of things, smart cities or directly in industrial applications, in environments where commercial communication networks are not available or an independent service is needed. On the other hand, the monitoring of environmental variables associated with large bodies of water is currently an application of great importance, however, being in areas commonly uninhabited, the coverage of commercial communication networks (2G-3G-WiFi) is limited or nonexistent. In these cases, LoRa technology has become a promising and relevant alternative in recent years because it allows reaching long distances, its energy consumption is low and it can be deployed with low-cost commercial devices. This paper presents a performance analysis and a performance estimation model of a LoRa network through the design and implementation of a system for monitoring environmental variables in a body of freshwater. The system consists of 10 nodes and 2 gateways, using a star connection topology. Information was acquired during 10 days in which the data obtained by the sensors in the nodes were sent to the gateways every 30 minutes and the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) value was stored. In parallel, atmospheric variables of the study area were acquired from public information systems. With the information obtained, a model was trained using Artificial Neural Networks to estimate the RSSI from the distance, relative humidity, ambient temperature and precipitation. Additionally, the network configuration parameters and the advantages of this technology for the application are presented.

Topic: Electrical, Electronic and Telecommunications Engineering

DESIGN OF A 2.4-GHZ FULLY INTEGRATED BUTLER MATRIX FOR SMART ANTENNA SYSTEM

MONTOYA VILLADA SEBASTIAN ¹, CATA�O DANIEL ², MORALES GUERRA JUAN CARLOS ³, ZAPATA JUAN ⁴, BOTERO VALENCIA JUAN SEBASTIAN ⁵, REYES VERA ERICK ⁶,
¹ Instituto Tecnol�gico Metropolitano, ² ITM - Instituci�n Universitaria, ³ Instituto tecnologico metropolitano, ⁴ Instituto Tecnol�gico Metropolitano, ⁵ Instituto Tecnol�gico Metropolitano, ⁶ Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano,

Email: ¹ sebastianmontoya240489@correo.itm.edu.co, ² d.alejandro.catano@gmail.com, ³ juanmorales177809@correo.itm.edu.co, ⁴ juanzapata247417@correo.itm.edu.co, ⁵ juanbotero@itm.edu.co, ⁶ erickreyes@itm.edu.co,

Abstract: The rapid increase in the use of wireless sensor networks and other wireless communications systems are forcing the improvement of antenna-based transmission systems. In fact, wireless communication systems are often subject to large disturbances that affect the transmission of information such as environmental changes, co-channel interference phenomena and multipath fading. An interesting alternative to solve this problem is the design of smart antennas, which are characterized because its electrical properties can be controlled and adapted according to the specific needs of the link. Also, this type of antennas allows us to focus the radiation to a specific direction, communicate several users using the same channel, and modify traffic conditions. Smart antennas are formed by an array of antennas and controlled through different mechanisms. Basically, there are two types of smart antenna system, the switched beam system and adaptive array system. However, the switched beam antennas are simpler and cheaper than the adaptative antennas. A switched beam system is formed for a fixed beamforming network, an antenna array, and a RF switch. In this case, the radiation pattern of the array is controlled dynamically, and it can generate multiple, fixed, and simultaneous beams. Some of the most employed techniques to build an analog forming network are the Rotman lens, Mixer matrix, Nolen matrix, Blas matrix, and Butler matrix. However, the Butler matrix is the most used due to this technique is a simple solution, cheaper, has fewer components, and it can generate high directivity beams. The Butler matrix is characterized because uses only passive components such as phase shifters, directional couplers, and crossovers to give differential phase shifts at the input of an antenna array. In this work a microstrip fixed beamforming system based on a uniform linear matrix with four rectangular patch antennas was proposed and numerically analyzed. To control the beam direction a 4x4 Butler matrix was designed and implemented. The used Butler matrix is composed of four hybrid quadrature directional couplers, two crossovers, and two 45� phase shifters. The simulation and optimization process of this smart antenna system was carried out using CST Studio 2020. The proposed design was optimized to operate at 2.4 GHz. The numerical results reveal that the gain of the system is around 10 dB, and the average bandwidth is 500 MHz. Likewise, four beams have been obtained in different directions. Finally, the electrical performance of this smart beamforming system was evaluated, and its potential use as a wireless power transmitter are discussed.

Topic: Electrical, Electronic and Telecommunications Engineering

DESIGN OF A PERFECT AND MULTI-RESONANT METAMATERIAL ABSORBER FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY HARVESTING APPLICATIONS

UMA�A IDARRAGA FREIMAN ¹, CATA�O DANIEL ², MONTOYA VILLADA SEBASTIAN ³, VALENCIA BALVIN CAMILO ⁴, REYES VERA ERICK ⁵,
¹ Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano, ² ITM - Instituci�n Universitaria, ³ Instituto Tecnol�gico Metropolitano, ⁴ Instituto Tecnol�gico Metropolitano , ⁵ Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano,

Email: ¹ freimanumana239692@correo.itm.edu.co, ² d.alejandro.catano@gmail.com, ³ sebastianmontoya240489@correo.itm.edu.co, ⁴ camilovalencia@itm.edu.co, ⁵ erickreyes@itm.edu.co,

Abstract: Recently there has been an increase in the number of wireless sensing networks (WSN), which has been mainly due to the emergence of new technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and the interest in automating different industrial processes. Because in many cases the sensors must be installed in the outdoors, it has become necessary to implement energy harvesting systems to obtain energy from the environment and supply power to low-energy electronic devices or recharge batteries. Different energy harvesting mechanisms such as thermal energy, wind energy, solar energy, and electromagnetic energy (EM) have been explored. This last alternative has attracted a lot of attention in recent years because EM energy is omnipresent today in our environment due to the abundance of EM signals available from different sources such as mobile stations, WiFi signals, or television antennas. In addition, they open the possibility of supplying power wirelessly. For this reason, the design of electromagnetic energy collectors plays a fundamental role in the capture and conversion of this energy to be used in nodes. To solve this problem, several alternatives have been explored. The most used mechanism are antenna arrays, rectennas and metamaterial absorbers. The metamaterial absorbers are composed of unit cells arranged periodically in a 2-D plane. These unit cells have unique characteristics such as negative permittivity and negative permeability; Likewise, these structures exhibit a strong resonance and a purely effective surface resistance, which facilities the electromagnetic wave absorption. The main advantage of a metamaterial absorber energy harvesting system is that this kind of structure is smaller in comparison with conventional systems based on the antennas. On the other hand, the metamaterial absorber receives the EM wave from the environment at the resonant frequencies and stored the energy (electric and magnetic) due that these structures are characterized because have a capacitance and inductance associated. The maximal absorption is achieved when the structure impedance matches that of free space. After that, the stored energy is dissipated through the dielectric substrate or a load. Thus, the performance of the absorber can be evaluated based on the absorption efficiency, the harvesting efficiency, and its conversion efficiency. In this work, a perfect absorber based on a split ring resonator structure is proposed and numerically analyzed. The software CST STUDIO was employed to carry out the numerical analysis and the optimization of the proposed structure. The electromagnetic properties of the proposed metamaterial cell were analyzed in the first phase of this study demonstrating that such structure resonates at 2.4 GHz and 4.25 GHz simultaneously. In fact, this structure has negative permittivity and permeability in these two bands. The optimization process has led us to obtain a compact resonator, which has a total size of 15 mm � 15 mm. Subsequently, the capacity of this structure as an absorber of electromagnetic energy is analyzed. The obtained results reveal that this structure has absorption efficiencies of 98.2% and 99.9% for the first and second bands respectively. Also, other characteristics parameters were evaluated. This shows that the proposed structure has a high electrical performance and can be used for the collection of electromagnetic energy, which can be used to power wireless sensor networks.

Topic: Electrical, Electronic and Telecommunications Engineering

DIFFERENTIAL MICROWAVE SENSOR BASED ON MICROSTRIP LINES LOADED WITH A SPLIT-RING RESONATOR FOR DIELECTRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS

ZAPATA JUAN ¹, UMA�A IDARRAGA FREIMAN ², MORALES GUERRA JUAN CARLOS ³, ARIAS G�MEZ SERGIO ALEXIS ⁴, VALENCIA BALVIN CAMILO ⁵, REYES VERA ERICK ⁶,
¹ Instituto Tecnol�gico Metropolitano, ² Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano, ³ Instituto tecnologico metropolitano, ⁴ Instituto Tecnol�gico Metropolitano, ⁵ Instituto Tecnol�gico Metropolitano , ⁶ Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano,

Email: ¹ juanzapata247417@correo.itm.edu.co, ² freimanumana239692@correo.itm.edu.co, ³ juanmorales177809@correo.itm.edu.co, ⁴ sergioarias231785@correo.itm.edu.co, ⁵ camilovalencia@itm.edu.co, ⁶ erickreyes@itm.edu.co,

Abstract: In recent years, the measurement of the dielectric permittivity of materials has aroused a strong interest in many industrial applications due that the dielectric permittivity can be related to other important parameters such as density, concentration, temperature, humidity, etc. Thus, the characterization of this parameter is a powerful way to develop applications or devices to solve problems in medicine, biology, security, food industry, chemical, among others. Several microwave methods had been explored to measure the dielectric permittivity of liquids and solids, the main techniques include the free space technique, and the use of resonators, parallel plate capacitors, and microstrip technology. However, microwave devices based on microstrip technology emerge as a more interesting alternative because they are inexpensive, easy to construct, easy integration with electronic components, and they are versatile in comparison with other microwave methods. Likewise, the devices based on the resonant technique offer higher accuracy and high-quality Q-factor. Moreover, this kind of sensor determines the dielectric properties of the sample under test (SUT) by simply measuring the shift in the resonant frequency and the Q-factor of the sensor as a function of the dielectric permittivity. Then, the combination of both characteristics had been explored in the past to achieve microwave devices with high performance. Many kinds of resonant structures such as split-ring resonators, step impedance resonators, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) resonators among others have been employed to date. However, the measurement of this property could be affected by environmental conditions such as humidity or temperature fluctuations, which can induce cross-sensitivity that entails measurement errors. To avoid these systematic errors due to cross-sensitivity, some interesting alternatives had been proposed. The first one explores the use of materials that are not sensitive to environmental changes, but these materials are expensive in most cases. The second one explores the use of a differential configuration, which compares the stimulus that suffers two identical sensors or resonant structures subject to the same external factors. This last alternative could be used in combination with microptrip technology to obtain compact devices that offer the possibility to compensate for environmental variations. In this work, we propose a microwave sensor that allows the dielectric material characterization based on a differential configuration. A differential microstrip permittivity sensor of materials using a split ring-resonator (SRR) is proposed, optimized, and numerically analyzed using CST STUDIO. First, the numerical analysis of the metamaterial unit cells is carried out to determine the operating band of the proposed cell. After that, the metamaterial cell was employed to design the differential microstrip permittivity sensor. The obtained results reveal that the proposed sensor has the capability to characterize different materials whose dielectric permittivity is in the range of 1 to 80 with great performance. The device has a total size of 86 mm � 60 mm and operates around 3 GHz. In this band, the sensor reaches a sensibility of 860 MHz and a Q-factor of 46.3. This work delivers a compact, reusable, label-free, and non-destructive microwave device and paves a way for sensing dielectric properties of different materials with accuracy due to its high Q-factor and high sensibility.

Topic: Electrical, Electronic and Telecommunications Engineering

ELECTRONIC APPLICATION FOR MONITORING HYDROCLIMATIC VARIABLES

GOMEZ JORGE ¹, CAMARGO ARIZA LUIS LEONARDO ², BELTR�N G�MEZ FABI�N ³,
¹ Unviersidad del Magdalena, ² Universidad del Magdalena, ³ Universidad del Magdalena,

Email: ¹ jgomez@unimagdalena.edu.co, ² lcamargoa@unimagdalena.edu.co, ³ fabianbeltraneg@unimagdalena.edu.co,

Abstract: This work proposes a monitoring system for environmental variables such as ambient temperature, relative humidity, water temperature and atmospheric pressure for water bodies that are difficult to access, economical, that allows the storage and transmission of data in real time. It consists of a solar energy supply system to allow continuous and long-term autonomy. This system has incorporated a SIM900 module that allows transmission to the IoT ThingSpeak cloud platform to access information at any time.

Topic: Electrical, Electronic and Telecommunications Engineering

ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR OPTIMIZING CONSUMPTION IN ORGANIZATION

SANDOVAL MARTINEZ GLORIA ESMERALDA ¹, MEDINA BYRON ², GARCIA CARRILLO DIXON ALIRIO ³,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ gloriaesmeraldasm@ufps.edu.co, ² byronmedina@ufps.edu.co, ³ apoyoinvestigacion@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Currently the Colombian energy sector is in a transition process, which is framed in the prospective vision presented in the National Energy Plan (PEN) 2020 - 2050, which highlights five challenges facing the sector in the next 30 years, in this context the national government promotes strategies that involve ensuring the availability of energy resources, and the implementation of tools that lead to the rational and efficient use of energy and thus contribute to improving productivity and mitigating the effects of climate change. This project presents a proposal to form a research center in energy management, which seeks to provide advisory services and support to the productive sector of the department of Norte de Santander and aims to identify opportunities for improvement from the evaluation of potential energy savings and thus contribute to the reactivation of the productive sector in the region, the project developed methodological strategies that allow the implementation of management systems based on the NTC ISO 500001: 2019, in organizations, identifying objectives and goals, under an energy approach, this document presents the developed strategies that allow organizations to optimize their energy consumption within a systemic approach. Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)

Topic: Electrical, Electronic and Telecommunications Engineering

GAS ELECTRIC GENERATOR BY BIODIGESTER IN HOUSING AND COMMERCE STREETS 1 AND 2 OF THE CITY OF CUCUTA

CARABALI ALVARADO ALEXANDER ¹,
¹ Sena CIES,

Email: ¹ acarabalialvarado@gmail.com,

Abstract: This project demonstrated to the scientific community in general the design and simulation for the implementation of a gas-fired electric generator system by biodigester in homes and businesses in strata 1 and 2 from C�cuta; that benefits communities that work in the food, agriculture and livestock sectors, which generate large amounts of solid material waste, that can be used as a source of biogas generation. The development of a biodigester that supplies biogas to a generator set (power plant), allows communities to take advantage of solid waste generated by animals and by organic processes; managing to convert the energy produced by the pressure of the biogas into electrical energy, allowing the reduction in energy consumption for the same agricultural and / or livestock activity, through a closed transformation cycle, without the need to interconnect to the conventional electrical network, reducing largely the cost of electricity consumption.

Topic: Electrical, Electronic and Telecommunications Engineering

GAS ELECTRIC GENERATOR BY BIODIGESTER IN HOUSING AND COMMERCE STREETS 1 AND 2 OF THE CITY OF CUCUTA

CARABALI ALVARADO ALEXANDER ¹,
¹ SENA,

Email: ¹ alcarabalia@sena.edu.co,

Abstract: This project demonstrated to the scientific community in general the design and simulation for the implementation of a gas-fired electric generator system by biodigester in homes and businesses in strata 1 and 2 of the city of C�cuta; that benefits communities that work in the food, agriculture and livestock sectors, which generate large amounts of solid material that can be used as a source of biogas generation. The development of a biodigester that supplies biogas to a generator set (power plant), allows communities to take advantage of solid waste generated by animals and by organic processes; managing to convert the energy produced by the pressure of the biogas into electrical energy, allowing the reduction in energy consumption for the same agriculture and / or livestock activities, through a closed transformation cycle, without the need to interconnect to the conventional electrical network, reducing largely the cost of electricity consumption.

Topic: Electrical, Electronic and Telecommunications Engineering

STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF RADIO OVER FIBER SYSTEMS (ROF) FOR 5G NETWORKS

PUERTO KARLA ¹, PE�ARANDA VALENTINA ², RAMIREZ JHON JAIRO ³,
¹ UFPS, ² UFPS, ³ UFPS,

Email: ¹ karlaceciliapl@ufps.edu.co, ² valentinapv@ufps.edu.co, ³ jhonjairorm@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Today, network traffic has increased and users demand a permanent wireless connection. Radio over Fiber (RoF, Radio over Fiber) systems promise a suitable alternative to compensate such demand, giving possible solutions for 5G networks, since RoF is a technology by which light is modulated by means of a signal of radio frequency and is transmitted through a fiber optic link, sending radio signals from a central to a remote antenna, and thus, allowing to centralize the radio frequency signal processing functions in a shared location, achieving great advantages that respond to bandwidth needs and increased operational flexibility. Therefore, a detailed review is presented through comparisons and analysis of the latest advances that the RoF systems have had, taking into account the international, national and regional spheres (in Norte de Santander), in such a way that they can be understood the generalities, principles and applications of these systems. Documents from scientific databases and university repositories were selected, these documents offer information about optical communications systems, RoF and 5G networks. Finally, it could be concluded that RoF systems achieve lower transmission losses and have lower sensitivity to noise, not only in telecommunications, but in any area. Additionally, this technology is innovative and therefore has aroused interest in many countries in research and development of these systems.

Topic: Electrical, Electronic and Telecommunications Engineering

WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER: AN ENERGY SOLUTION FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

URREA GUSTAVO ¹, CATA�O DANIEL ², REYES VERA ERICK ³, BOTERO VALENCIA JUAN SEBASTIAN ⁴,
¹ Instituto Tecnol�gico Metropolitano, ² ITM - Instituci�n Universitaria, ³ Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano, ⁴ Instituto Tecnol�gico Metropolitano,

Email: ¹ gustavourrea314860@correo.itm.edu.co, ² d.alejandro.catano@gmail.com, ³ erickreyes@itm.edu.co, ⁴ juanbotero@itm.edu.co,

Abstract: The rapid growth of the Internet of things (IoT) has brought several applications and technologies which allow the automation of different processes. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have been one of the most important applications of IoT in the last years. WSN enables monitoring places where access can be difficult for people who need to guard them. Usually, the sensor nodes keep energized through batteries. However, when the nodes are placed in remote places, the search of novel ways to charge the batteries becomes a necessity. A commonly used means to perform this task is the use of renewable energies by means of solar panels, wind generators, thermal generators, or other technics that allow the collection of energy from the environment that surrounds the network of sensors. These mechanisms usually called environmental energy collectors to allow energy to be obtained from pressure waves, temperature, and wind to name a few; however, the energy flow provided by these techniques is usually unstable, so it has become necessary to find other ways to keep the electronic sensors energized or maintain the charge in the batteries. Recent research has proposed the use of wireless power transfer systems (WPTs) to solve this problem. These systems are conformed of an element that radiates electromagnetic energy, usually, antennas or antenna arrays which is responsible for transferring energy from a base station, which are connected to other conventional energy harvesting systems such as solar panels or wind generators generally. Also, a second element is required, which is placed in the nodes. This element is responsible for collecting and storing the electromagnetic energy (EM) that surrounds it using rectenas, antenna arrays, and EM absorbers in some cases. This type of system has gained strength in recent years because we currently have various sources of electromagnetic signals such as television antennas, mobile stations, WiFi signals, cellular networks, and others, which are constantly generating electromagnetic waves in certain bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. Despite this, the energy that reaches the receiving element is usually little, because being electromagnetic signals, its intensity decays with the square of the distance, and in many cases, it is affected by different environmental phenomena such as rains. Therefore, low-power electronic sensors are usually used in the nodes, thus it is possible to guarantee that the collected energy is sufficient to ensure the autonomous operation of the same and the data collection is continuous. This paper presents a brief review of the state-of-the-art of WPT in a wireless sensor network in spaces where conventional energies cannot be implemented. The WSN will be used to check the health state of natural parameters and elements from the environment. Subsequently, different WPT technics proposed like radio links, antennas arrays, beamforming, among others would be discussed and analyzed. Sensors, the general electronic, and the power management found in the literature would be discussed and analyzed too.

Topic: Electrical, Electronic and Telecommunications Engineering

DECONSTRUCTION OF THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION PROCESS IN MSMES

PUERTO CUADROS EDUARD GILBERTO ¹, VERA CONTRERAS MILTON JESUS ², VERA RIVERA FREDY HUMBERTO ³, ESPINEL RUBIO GLADYS ADRIANA ⁴,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander C�cuta, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ⁴ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ eduardpuerto@ufps.edu.co, ² miltonjesusvc@ufps.edu.co, ³ fredyhumbertovera@ufps.edu.co, ⁴ gladysespinel@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Digital Transformation (DT) is the niche of today's digital companies from which the digital economy emerges. that is the generation of value from digital elements. These new business models are supported not only by digital platforms where customer, employee, and data experience become the source and center of TD but also by a shift in strategic thinking. TD for traditional companies or digital migrants generally involves deconstructing their business model iteratively and incrementally or abandoning what is losing value within their business model and adopting what is emerging (innovations, technologies, methods, and techniques) from the digital economic models. This article presents an academic exercise applied to MSMEs (micro, small and medium-sized companies) through which various elements to deconstruct or that have lost value within the company in aspects such as marketing, operations, personnel, finance, technology, and management are identified to the light of digital business models. It also presents an orientation that guides the elements that can be disregarded due to their loss of value in the classic business model based on benchmarks of digital companies and what and how to adopt new elements that are generating value for these disruptive markets. In this sense, certain MSMEs of the sector were taken as case studies for this stage of digital transformation, where some serious errors are revealed that can be incurred if said processes or elements are not analyzed objectively and systematically, which can affect decision-making in the digital transformation process

Topic: Industrial and Organizational Engineering

INDUSTRY 4.0 AND ITS RELEVANCE FOR SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING PROCESSES

GARZ�N AGUDELO PEDRO ANTONIO ¹, BECERRA ASCANIO LIBETH ², MAYORGA TORRES OSCAR ³,
¹ UFPS, ² UFPS, ³ UFPS,

Email: ¹ pedroantonioga@ufps.edu.co, ² libethjanethba@ufps.edu.co, ³ oscarmtorres@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The development of the world as it has shown widely, it has generated the available resources deterioration, as well as those of the environmental. Due to this, in the last years, it arises the need of working in challenges such as in the improvement of the resource�s management and the implementation of new process that allows sustainable development. Taking it to account the above, in the present paper it's approached the concept of the industry 4.0 and the role that it in sustainable development, taking into account the limitations and the challenges in implementing of this type of tech in productive chain.

Topic: Industrial and Organizational Engineering

INOVE MODEL IN THE CONTEXT OF LOGISTICS: ANALYSIS OF A CASE

SU�REZ RIVEROS ERIKA ALEJANDRA ¹, MEJIA MANTILLA ALVARO ANDR�S ², JIMENEZ GORDILLO JOS� FERNANDO ³, JAIMES SU�REZ SONIA ALEXANDRA ⁴,
¹ Escuela Colombiana de Ingenier�a Julio Garavito, ² Escuela Colombiana de Ingenier�a Julio Garavito, ³ Escuela Colombiana de Ingenier�a Julio Garavito, ⁴ Escuela Colombiana de Ingenier�a Julio Garavito,

Email: ¹ erikale94@gmail.com, ² alvaro.mejia@mail.escuelaing.edu.co, ³ j-jimenez@javeriana.edu.co, ⁴ sonia.jaimes@escuelaing.edu.co,

Abstract: The objective of this presentation is to socialize a cognitive model, based on the Inove model, of a novice who interacts making decisions in the "beer game". Theoretically, it is based on the categories of the Inove cognitive model, which is based on two phases, the coincidence of routine traffic and the selection of strategies. The methodological approach used is that of verbal protocols. The traditional hypothetical situation used in the teaching and learning of Industrial engineering called "beer game" is used, which consists of a simulation of a short supply chain, in which the manufacturer, the distributor, the wholesaler and the retailer. The resulting cognitive model identifies three stages: the first of preparation in which the novice accumulates experience and knowledge, the second of consolidation in which the novice makes decisions based on the knowledge and experience previously acquired and the third of projection in the that the novice faces challenges that involve drawing on his knowledge and experience base as well as generating new ways of approaching the problem. As a final reflection, the analyzed cognitive model provides three phases that can be considered as preliminary work in the development of a cyber-physical system that incorporates human-machine interaction.

Topic: Industrial and Organizational Engineering

INTELLECTUAL PRODUCTION OF RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION ACTIVITIES OF THE UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER.

PLAZAS ANAYA SAMANTHA ¹, CAMARON YANEZ KEYLA YARITZA ², RAMIREZ DELGADO ROSA PATRICIA ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ³ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER,

Email: ¹ samanthaplan@ufps.edu.co, ² keylayaritzacy@ufps.edu.co, ³ patriciaramirezd@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Research is considered a missionary process in universities that contributes to the development of science, technology and innovation in the country, generating results that impact the scientific community, the productive sector and society in general. Research, technological development and innovation activities in universities are mainly carried out through research projects that are led by the research units, and are aligned to the institutional lines of research; these projects generate different types of products that can be protected by intellectual protection mechanisms either copyright or industrial property, as a strategy to safeguard the interests of the institution and researchers. In this sense, the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander - UFPS has developed guidelines on intellectual property, and seeks to consolidate the inventory of intangible assets of the institution.The main purpose of this research was to identify and characterize the projects financed by the �Fondo Rotatorio de Investigaciones Universitarias � FINU� of the UFPS, within a period from 2015 to 2018, for the Faculties of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Basic Sciences and Engineering. For the collection of information, a format for the characterization of intellectual productivity was designed and a semi-structured interview was applied to the principal investigators. As results of the research, the intellectual productivity generated through the research projects was identified, where it was obtained that the mains products that represent intellectual productivity are articles, books, software, prototypes and patents; likewise, an analysis was made of the relationship between intellectual productivity in comparison with investment, time and cost.

Topic: Industrial and Organizational Engineering

PROPOSAL FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND STORAGE OF INTELLECTUAL PRODUCTION DERIVED FROM RESEARCH AT THE UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER.

Email: ¹ samanthaplan@ufps.edu.co, ² keylayaritzacy@ufps.edu.co, ³ patriciaramirezd@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Universities are entities that generate new knowledge, promote and develop scientific research and new technologies, which feed the indicators of the "Sistema Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnolog�a e Innovaci�n - CTei", which allow identifying the capacities of scientific production at regional and national level. Due to the potential of human talent, financial muscle and management by universities, a large pantry of products are generated, which need to be classified according to their typology and quality. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to identify and consolidate an inventory of the intangible assets of the institution, derived from the projects financed by the �Fondo Rotatorio de Investigaciones Universitarias � FINU� of the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander - UFPS, within a period from 2015 to 2018, in the Faculties of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Basic Sciences and Engineering. As part of the methodology, strategies such as semi-structured and direct interview with the researchers were used, based on an information gathering instrument, where the participants established their products resulting from activities of generation of new knowledge, technological development and innovation, and social appropriation. As a result, a primary classification of products was developed according to their typology and subsequently, they were codified according to their characteristics in terms of intellectual property; copyright and industrial property.

Topic: Industrial and Organizational Engineering

PROPOSAL FOR THE LOCATION OF AMBULANCES FOR THE CARE OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN THE CITY OF CUCUTA

CAICEDO ROL�N ALVARO JR ¹, AYALA ARCINIEGAS JAIME HERNANDO ², TOVAR FLOREZ JHOAN ENRIQUE ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ alvarojuniorcr@ufps.edu.co, ² Jaimehernandoaa@ufps.edu.co, ³ Jhoanenriquetf@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The location of ambulance bases is a strategic decision in the medical emergency system, which impacts the response time and the probability of saving lives or leaving sequelae in patients who suffer traffic accidents or disease crises. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to propose the location of ambulance bases for the timely response to traffic accidents in the city of C�cuta. Initially, we used the center of gravity method to segment the city into sub-quadrants and determine a preliminary location in each of these, considering the location and volume of traffic accidents presented in each geographical area (sub-quadrants) during the year 2019. Then, alternative locations close to the centers in each sub-quadrants were determined through interviews with ambulance paramedics. Afterward, the factor scoring method was used, where the C�cuta emergency medical system managers proceeded to weight micro-location factors and evaluate alternative locations in each sub-quadrant. Finally, a mathematical integer linear programming model was designed to determine the optimal location of ambulances in C�cuta to minimize the number of ambulance bases to assist traffic accidents in a response time of 8 minutes or less. Google My Maps was used for geolocation of accidents and extraction of locations. We developed a code using Python 3.8.2 and the Google Maps Direction API web service to determine the travel times. Two optimal location alternatives were determined. The first one considers five ambulance bases and improves the average response time and standard deviation, from 10.96 and 4.83 minutes of the current situation to 5.39 and 2.46 minutes, reducing 50.82% and 49.07%, respectively. The second considers four ambulance bases and reduces the average response time and its standard deviation to 5.72 and 2.72 minutes, equivalent to an improvement of 47.81% and 43.68%, compared to the current situation. Thus, this research supports strategic decision-making in the emergency medical system to improve the provision of pre-hospital care services in the city of C�cuta, with an average response time of fewer than 6 minutes, improving the standard of 8 minutes mentioned in the literature.

Topic: Industrial and Organizational Engineering

RESEARCH HOTBEDS: CHALLENGES FOR THE TRAINING OF RESEARCHERS IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC

MERCADO POLO VERENA DE JES�S ¹, CORTES HERN�NDEZ LIZETH DAYANE ², RETAMOSO LLAMAS ALONSO DE JES�S ³,
¹ Unidades Tecnol�gicas de Santander, ² Unidades Tecnol�gicas de Santander, ³ Unidades Tecnol�gicas de Santander,

Email: ¹ verenadejesus@correo.uts.edu.co, ² lizethcortes@correo.uts.edu.co, ³ alonsoretamoso@correo.uts.edu.co,

Abstract: Research hotbeds are extracurricular spaces that promote the training of researchers in the educational field. The objective of this work is to present the development of the activities and the challenges faced by the research hotbed of a technological and university institution in Colombia during the pandemic. It is a mixed study, because quantitative and qualitative data are used to verify the effectiveness of the strategies applied in the spaces of the research hotbed. The surveys were applied to students and teachers of the electricity program of the Santander Technological Units (UTS) through a virtual platform. Among the results obtained, it was found that the strategies used in the research hotbed provide theoretical and practical tools that promote the scientific method for problem solving. It is concluded that the spaces of the research hotbed can be used as an alternative for academic debate and research as a means to innovate and solve problems, enhance the research skills of teachers and students, promote interdisciplinarity and promote generational change.

Topic: Industrial and Organizational Engineering

ANALYSIS OF A REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER DESALINATION SYSTEM FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF LA GUAJIRA.

SERRANO FLOREZ DARIO ¹, FLOREZ WHADY FELIPE ²,
¹ Universidad de La Guajira, ² UPB university,

Email: ¹ dserrano@uniguajira.edu.co, ² whady.florez@upb.edu.co,

Abstract: Electric power produced from renewable energy sources can be used to supply water desalination systems and meet the energy needs of populations living in isolated and remote areas. In this work, a spiral wound reverse osmosis (RO) water desalination system will be modeled and simulated, taking advantage of the water sources in the department of La Guajira. The one-dimensional dynamic mathematical models used are based on mass and energy balances. The system is formed by ordinary differential equations (ODE) and partial differential equations (PDE), where the PDE will be solved by the method of lines, forming a system of ODE's that will be solved through the solve_ivp using the 'Radau' method using the free software Python, with a mesh of 50 nodes and a time of 2000 seconds. The results will be validated with the literature. In addition, the specific energy consumption will be calculated and then the sizing of the solar PV system will be performed through algebraic equations. For a drinking water requirement of 2.70 E-4 m^3⁄s and average solar radiation of 5.51 kWh/m2/month in the studied site, a permeate concentration quality of 317.45 mg/L was obtained below the maximum permissible value; according to the Colombian Ministry of Environment. Also, specific energy consumption of 0.405 kWh/m3, requiring 92 photovoltaic panels to supply the system's electrical energy and a total area of 178.63 m2.

Topic: Mechanical Engineering

ANALYSIS OF WEAR IN CUTTING TOOLS BY THE TECHNIQUE OF IMAGE PROCESSING.

AR�VALO RUEDAS JOS� HUMBERTO ¹, ESPINEL BLANCO EDWIN EDGARDO ², FLORES SOLANO EDER NORBERTO ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander seccional Oca�a , ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander seccional Oca�a , ³ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER OCA�A,

Email: ¹ jharevalor@ufpso.edu.co, ² eeespinelb@ufpso.edu.co, ³ enflorezs@ufpso.edu.co,

Abstract: The lifetime of a tool is a very important economic factor in the metals industry, so any improvement in the tools or materials to work with that can extend the life in which a tool can be used is beneficial. The deterioration that occurs in the tool can cause damage, cracking and vibration of the tool, and can even damage the machine. Effective control of tool wear is most important. Currently, there are tools that are available through digital image processing that allows the necessary conditions to study your life status based on your work cycles, as well as possible types of relationships between image pixels, different morphological operations of expansion, erosion, opening, closing, structural overlap; morphological filters and structural elements segmentation based on thresholds, edges and regions, allowing the object under consideration to be extracted or isolated. This work analyzed the diagnosis of wear on cutting tools by using a direct method as imaging techniques on the milling machine and monitored the condition of the isolated area, in addition, an analytical methodology was studied based on a graphical interface, through which the user has access to all the implemented developments, and a set of images verify the functions developed on the basis of MATLAB� software.

Topic: Mechanical Engineering

CHARACTERIZATION AND LOCATION OF GEOTHERMAL ZONES IN C�CUTA AND ITS METROPOLITAN AREA

ARDILA AFANADOR ANDERSON ALBERTO ¹, CONTRERAS FLOREZ NIXON LEONARDO ², GOMEZ GONZALEZ JUAN FERNANDO ³, CASTRILLON JAIMES YUSBELY CECILIA ⁴,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander , ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander , ³ universidad francisco de paula santander, ⁴ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander ,

Email: ¹ andersonalbertoaraf@ufps.edu.co, ² nixonleonardocf@ufps.edu.co, ³ juanfernandogg@ufps.edu.co, ⁴ yusbelyceciliacj@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to classify and characterize the geothermal zones in C�cuta and its metropolitan area, in order to take advantage of the natural resources that come from geothermal energy in the department of Norte de Santander, since it is a way to use thermal water sources to make a thermal process and encourage a new process of obtaining energy in the region. It is sought to understand how these thermal zones located in the municipality and its surroundings work by means of their location and taking surface data such as their flow and temperature on the surface of the water, these data are analyzed with respect to other studies that have been carried out in other places of the country and different parts of the world, the characteristics that they have and how they can be used in the best way, because in our region they have not been taken into account since the lack of information and its little interest has not been given the importance that this natural resource deserves for industrial or energy generation purposes, and they have only been studied for tourist and medicinal use, based on this, processes applied in other areas of the country and the world are implemented, to characterize all these water outgoing points, and to couple the methods used by others to delimit each one of them. As a first instance, the following specific zones are verified: The first zone is the sector of the Don juana which is a corregimiento of the municipality of Los Patios where there is an ear of water outbreak at the edge of the river Pamplonita, where the community has it channeled for therapeutic use. The second is in the village of El Raiz�n, also belonging to the municipality of Bochalema, where there is a tourist site with great thermal qualities and easy access to several thermal water springs. On the other hand, there is the hot springs thermal area located in the municipality of C�cuta where there is a small amount of water that is located, according to the community, on an inactive volcano. This resource has not been used in any way due to the intervention of the people, since they want to turn it into a private site. Based on the above, we seek to take advantage of this resource as a heat carrier flow, to make an energy exchange, for a process of transformation of thermal energy to mechanical energy and therefore to electrical energy. also in agricultural processes that have been very efficient for the dehydration of fruits or other processes that do not require much energy to make the heat exchange and it is not necessary to exploit to a large extent these areas therefore the environmental impact is minimal because it does not affect its ecosystem. The process that geothermal energy will fulfill in the industrial processes of energy generation in thermal plants is to replace the use of coal as the main source of energy to evaporate the water that is injected to the energy generating turbines, being the thermal water a renewable resource, and of great thermal qualities according to the characteristics obtained, to make the process that best suits. Based on the above mentioned, the research seeks the characterization of the sites or thermal water deposits in C�cuta and its surroundings, more specifically in the municipality of Bochalema, since there are no previous studies for the use of thermal energy in the department. Starting from the fact that there is little information about this resource, it is sought to create a study plan to obtain data and then classify them to continue with the pertinent analysis to these activities, knowing that, in Colombia, most of the energy that is generated comes from thermoelectric plants, hydroelectric plants, and in some specific sites photovoltaic plants, being the most essential that there is in our country. Now onwards geothermal energy has a place to be a source for power generation. That is why we emphasize that in Norte de Santander and more specifically, in C�cuta and its surroundings, to have a starting point for future research, where at our level we have economic and time limitations, to reach studies with much more depth, but in the future it will be a project of great potential to make the most of the resources provided by nature. In the same way a series of factors that help us at the time of programming the visit of the points where there are thermal water deposits were carried out, taking into account parameters of the investigation such as temperature sampling and flow rate, in this way the following results were found in the process of investigation until now.

Topic: Mechanical Engineering

CRACK GROWTH ASSESSMENT SUBJECTED TO LOAD CYCLES OF VARIABLE AMPLITUDE AND FREQUENCY

ALVAREZ PACHECO JOSE DARIO ¹,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD JORGE TADEO LOZANO,

Email: ¹ JOSEALVAREZ2685@GMAIL.COM,

Abstract: Liquid hydrocarbon transport systems are subjected to load cycles of variable amplitude and sequence during their operation. Said variations in load levels have a direct effect on the increase or decrease of the propagation speed of fatigue cracks. According to the intensification of stresses generated at the tip of a crack, such a plastic zone can be created that induces compressive stresses with a magnitude capable of generating the crack closure and consequently causing a slowdown in the growth rate. Another important phenomenon associated with the closure is the retardation phenomenon and is originated by the application of a simple overload, which has the potential to create a plastic zone so large that it can induce a slowdown in crack growth in subsequent cycles. the application of this and in some cases until canceling the growth of the crack. To simulate the growth of cracks under the mentioned conditions, an elasto-plastic finite element model coupled with the NASGRO analytical model modified based on the Willemborg model was implemented to capture the effect of closure and retardation on the estimation of the remaining fatigue life of a pipeline cracked in service. Keywords: Crack, crack closure, retardation, plastic zone, overload, residual stress, remaining life.

Topic: Mechanical Engineering

DESIGN OF A FOOT PEDAL VALVE TO IMPROVE THE USE OF WATER IN PLUMBING SYSTEMS

LOPEZ URIBE LUIS FERNANDO ¹, S�NCHEZ RINC�N CARLOS STEVEN ², D�AZ JIM�NEZ MARLON ³, FLORES SOLANO EDER NORBERTO ⁴,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER OCA�A, ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER OCA�A , ³ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER OCA�A , ⁴ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER OCA�A,

Email: ¹ lflopezu@ufpso.edu.co, ² cssanchezri@ufpso.edu.co, ³ mdiazj@ufpso.edu.co, ⁴ enflorezs@ufpso.edu.co,

Abstract: The use of water is a very important economic and environmental factor in all industrial sectors, since the improvement in its use offers an optimization of this resource. The waste of water usually causes damage firstly to the environment by the sources of supply due to the high demand at industrial level and domestic plumbing systems. The valves have some control that allows a more comfortable use of this resource in sinks that provide some savings. Currently, there are valves that usually replace the traditional ones due to their automatic and/or mechanical operation, which allows for innovation and savings of this resource. In this sense, this research was oriented to the design of a foot pedal valve, which allowed to have a more comfortable and graduated control, thus granting the operator control in an immediate way, without wasting the fluid in the middle of the washing and avoiding a manual contact that in a certain way dissipates the risk of contagion of diseases such as COVID-19 by direct manipulation. An analytical methodology supported by computer aided drafting (CAD) programs such as ANSYS FLUENT and SolidWorks was used. Finally, it was determined that, for the dynamic and static studies, the designed valve complies with the Colombian technical standard NTC 1500 and the static design factors.

Topic: Mechanical Engineering

DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED MOTORCYCLE HELMET COOLING SYSTEM

GALVIS PAULA ¹, ZAMBRANO SEBASTIAN ², PEREZ RANGEL NAREN YESITH ³, FLORES SOLANO EDER NORBERTO ⁴, ESPINEL BLANCO EDWIN EDGARDO ⁵,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER OCA�A, ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER OCA�A, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Oca�a, ⁴ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER OCA�A, ⁵ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander seccional Oca�a ,

Email: ¹ paulamgalviss520@gmail.com, ² sfzambranob@ufpso.edu.co, ³ nperezr@ufpso.edu.co, ⁴ enflorezs@ufpso.edu.co, ⁵ eeespinelb@ufpso.edu.co,

Abstract: Colombia is a country that has diverse climates throughout its territory with areas that vary from high to low temperatures, the focus is on those areas that have temperatures that cause discomfort in people, refers to warm places with temperatures ranging from 20�C to 40�C. On the other hand it is also known that the most used means of transport today and that with the passing of the days is increasing is the motorcycle, taking into account that they are governed by legal regulations implemented by the mobility institute, transit and transport at national level, where the mandatory use of the helmet is regulated as a safety measure for the driver and passenger; helmets must be certified and meet the required technical standards, taking into account that its functionality is to protect the individual in the event of an accident, the regulations require that the helmet be completely closed, protecting the entire head and chin; the hulls are designed in such a way that they allow air circulation to enter and that there are no concentrations of temperature in the internal part, all this with the implementation of air flow inlet and outlet ducts, that occurs when the motorcycle is in motion, unfortunately this does not happen in this way, as there are accumulations of temperature in the back of the helmet making the person who has it on feel fatigued and uncomfortable. This research proposes the development of a prototype of a portable motorcycle helmet cooling system that allows the user a sense of comfort when moving in this means of transport; where the perception of heat within the helmet decreases, without neglecting low cost, optimal operation and low energy consumption with the use of peltier cells and the use of natural air flow when driving the motorcycle.

Topic: Mechanical Engineering

EFFECT OF A REGENERATOR ON HYBRID SOLAR GAS-TURBINE PERFORMANCE

MORENO GAMBOA FAUSTINO ¹, ACEVEDO JUAN ², SANIN VILLA DANIEL ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad de Santander, ³ Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano,

Email: ¹ faustinomoreno@ufps.edu.co, ² ing.juancamilo07@gmail.com, ³ danielsanin@itm.edu.co,

Abstract: A thermodynamic analysis of a solar hybrid of gas turbine power plant, represented in three basic subsystems related to the power cycle, the combustion chamber subsystem and the solar concentrator subsystem. The Solar radiation values are estimated with a theoretical model evaluated and validated, the combustion chamber uses natural gas as fuel and the numerical values of the system are taken from the experimental plant Solugas in Spain. The simulation of the plant operation takes place in Barranquilla, Colombia. This paper presents the evolution of the main operating parameters over a medium day of the year, emphasizing the influence the regenerator has on plant performance and solar concentration system. The results show that the regenerator can increase the overall efficiency of the plant by 29% and allows a maximum temperature of the central receptor of the concentrator of 1044 K at noon, when solar radiation is maximum.

Topic: Mechanical Engineering

HEAT CONSUMPTION AND ENERGY LOSSES IN BLOCK FIRING DUE TO ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS GENERATED IN CLAY FIRING

AFANADOR GARC�A NELSON ¹, NOLASCO SERNA CRISTIAN ², GUERRERO G�MEZ GUSTAVO ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander seccional Oca�a, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander seccional Oca�a, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Seccional Oca�a,

Email: ¹ nafanadorg@ufpso.edu.co, ² cnolascos@ufpso.edu.co, ³ gguerrerog@ufpso.edu.co,

Abstract: In the municipality of Oca�a, the production of ceramic materials is done in an empirical and traditional way, generating high concentrations of emissions into the environment, low productivity and a decrease in the quality of its products. For this reason, in this research work, a series of implementations have been developed that will contribute to the improvement of the firing process in the kilns for the production of ceramic materials. In the first phase, the design, programming and implementation of a virtual instrument for the acquisition of temperature data from an executable of the DAQ assistant management software of the compactRIO embedded system was carried out. A NI 9213 I/O acquisition card assembled to a NI cDAQ-9184 Chassis supported by National instruments was used, which allowed the analog-digital processing of the information received from the installed thermocouples, to store them through the Lab view software in the acquisition report and generate the temperature profiles in the firing process. The study was carried out in a Hoffman continuous kiln at Ladrillera Oca�a, which is dedicated to the mass production of H-10 horizontally perforated mansory units for the construction industry and its production process is mechanized. The kiln is composed of 24 chambers or doors (12 on each side) and 5 stacks of approximately 620 blocks are placed in each door, 60 cm apart. The fuel used for firing the material is pulverized coal, with a coal consumption per month of 170 tons/month, which is injected into the holes located in the upper part of the kiln by means of two carbojets at a rate of 8 kg to 12 kg of coal per minute, where the first carbojet starts preheating two chambers before the second carbojet passes through, re-firing the brick. 27060 H 10* 30 bricks with an average moisture content of 6.16 % and 1980 H 10* 40 bricks with an average moisture content of 2.95 % were fired using 1370.76 kg of pulverized charcoal. The firing process lasted twenty-two hours and thirty-eight minutes and the virtual instrument was programmed every 5 minutes and 441 temperature data of the combustion gases were recorded, for which a K-type bulb thermocouple was used. The energy supplied to the brick kiln was 340.16*106 kJ. The heat from loading the products in the kiln was 107.71*106 kJ, which is 31.66 % of the energy supplied. The heat lost by the endothermic reactions of the clay was 105.71*106 kJ which means 31.08 % of the energy supplied. Also, the heat to remove the moisture from the material to be fired in the kiln was 23.31*106 kJ which means 6.85 % of the energy supplied. The heat required for the decomposition of the clay to remove the moisture from the material to be fired was 58.67*106 kJ which means 17.24 % of the energy supplied. The heat from coal moisture was 1.03*106 kJ, which is 0.30 % of the energy supplied. The heat loss from water formed in combustion was 12.96*106 kJ, which is 3.81 % of the energy supplied. Finally, the heat by air humidity was 9.43*106 kJ, which means 2.77 % of the energy supplied. For the evaluation of heat from coal moisture, heat from water formed during combustion and heat from air moisture, the heat was evaluated during the 22 hours of the firing process. For the elemental composition of coal, the emission factors of Colombian fuels, as listed by the Mining and Energy Planning Unit, were taken into account. The results of the research have made it possible to establish trends in temperature distribution, problems during firing and to identify the thermal energy entering the kiln and consumed by the products. The aim is to propose improvements in kiln operation that will increase energy efficiency, reduce fuel consumption and gas emissions into the environment and prevent acute respiratory diseases. The supply of coal with high ash content and percentage of moisture, the preparation, storage and handling of the fuel is a source of endothermic losses that increase energy consumption. Therefore, one measure to mitigate the indirect loss attributable to coal supply is to implement a quality procedure and minimum requirements for the purchase of coal and to implement a coal milling process that leads to an adequate coal grain size.

Topic: Mechanical Engineering

MENTAL HEALTH IN ENGINEERING STUDENTS IN COLOMBIA: REFLECTION ARTICLE.

MORALES LIZCANO CAMILO ANDRES ¹, CASTRILLON JAIMES YUSBELY CECILIA ²,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander , ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander ,

Email: ¹ camiloandresml@ufps.edu.co, ² yusbelyceciliacj@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: In order to evaluate the emotional state of professionals in the field of engineering, a documentary analysis on mental health is carried out. This interpretation of studies and data evidences and considers mental health as a state of physical, mental and social well-being according to the World Health Organization. It is considered a fundamental part of the life of individuals and during all stages of development, from childhood to adulthood. Thus, it is found that many of the mental health problems tend to appear at the end of childhood or at the beginning of adolescence, in this way, the young population can be specifically affected, if we take into account that at this time of life they may be pursuing their higher education studies and sometimes it also influences the type of program in which they are, because the loads are greater in some than in others and have different levels of demand and difficulty. For this reason, the main objective of this article is to determine the influence of mental health in engineering students in Colombia. It was found that this population group is normally subjected to a series of responsibilities and burdens that can destabilize them, such as academic demands and difficulties to achieve good learning, which can alter the normal conditions. There is research where it has been shown that academic demands and stress considerably decrease the performance of students, thus producing a low educational level. Finally, it can be concluded that engineering students present anxiety levels above the general population and that other variables such as emotions, feelings, family and personal life can have a negative influence, causing low performance or student desertion.

Topic: Mechanical Engineering

MINIMIZATION OF SAE 1020 STEEL WELD DEPOSITION DEFECTS BY ANALYZING THE EFFECT OF HEAT INPUT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN WELDED JOINTS.

L�ZARO PLATA JOS� LUIS ¹, FLORES SOLANO EDER NORBERTO ², SANCHEZ ANGARITA KEVIN ADRIAN ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Oca�a, ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER OCA�A, ³ Universidad francisco de paula santander "oca�a",

Email: ¹ jllazarop@ufpso.edu.co, ² enflorezs@ufpso.edu.co, ³ kasanchezan@ufpso.edu.co,

Abstract: SAE 1020 steel angles are an equal-wing, hot-rolled, right-angle cross-section profile. They are frequently used in the manufacture of riveted, bolted or welded structures such as power towers, communication towers or shelves. Currently, these metallic structures in the national market are produced and assembled in the field, through welding processes. This research focused on the analysis of the effect of heat input on the mechanical properties of SAE 1020 steel welded joints, in order to minimize defects in welded joints. The weld beads were deposited on flat 60� V-groove butt joint steel plates with a thickness of 4.8 mm (single V-groove), according to AWS procedure. A single pass welding was carried out with current levels of 75A, 90A and 105 A and E6013 electrode with 1/8-inch gauge was selected to join the materials by SMAW (shielded metal arc welding) process. The samples were cut transversely to the weld line to evaluate the different regions formed during the welding process. Before depositing the weld beads on the specimens, all the platens were lightly bonded on the surface and then cleaned with acetone in order to remove any source of dirt present on the platens. Once the tests were performed, the samples were subjected to a series of destructive tests characterizing each sample made. The mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile tests according to ASTM E8 and hardness tests according to ASTM E18 procedure. Furthermore, microscopic observations were made on the cross section of the welded joint, heat affected zone (HAZ) and base metal. The result obtained could demonstrate that good quality welds can be produced by relating the microstructure and the mechanical performance between the welded joints. This represents an alternative of study and work considering that in any welding process the presence of defects should be avoided, because it compromises the quality of the welded joint.

Topic: Mechanical Engineering

NUMERICAL MODEL ANALYSIS TO INCREASE THE PERFORMANCE OF A HEAT EXCHANGER USED IN ENERGY RECOVERY USING THERMOELECTRIC GENERATORS

ORJUELA ABRIL MARTHA SOFIA ¹, ROJAS SUAREZ JHAN PIERO ², PAB�N LE�N JHON ANTUNY ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ sofiaorjuela@ufps.edu.co, ² jhanpierorojas@ufps.edu.co, ³ jhonantuny@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The overall efficiency of internal combustion engines can be increased by harnessing the thermal energy of exhaust gases. Thermoelectric generators are one of the main strategies for energy recovery in motors due to their direct conversion capacity from thermal to electrical energy. The present research aims to analyze the geometric design parameters of a heat exchanger to identify the geometric characteristics that allow improving the power and efficiency of thermoelectric generators. The study was carried out using the numerical model using computational fluid dynamics. The analysis involves studying thermodynamic characteristics, hydraulic losses, energy conversion efficiency, and fuel-saving capacity. The results show that the designed heat exchanger can recover 2% of the engine's mechanical power, which implies a noticeable improvement in the engine's economy and fuel economy. The use of these technologies generates a scientific contribution to recovery systems and the study of physical systems, which will allow their massification in the future.

Topic: Mechanical Engineering

NUMERICAL MODEL FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP OPERATING AS A TURBINE

ORJUELA ABRIL MARTHA SOFIA ¹, ROJAS SU�REZ JHAN PIERO ², PAB�N LE�N JHON ANTUNY ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander , ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ sofiaorjuela@ufps.edu.co, ² Jhanpierorojas@ufps.edu.co, ³ jhonantuny@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Energy efficiency is one of the main strategies for sustainable economic development. Centrifugal pumps are equipment widely used in different types of industries for the transport of fluids. One of the applications of the pumps is their use as a turbine, which implies a need to predict performance under these conditions. In this research, we propose developing a numerical model using computational fluid dynamics to determine the efficiency of a centrifugal pump when it operates as a turbine. Experimental tests on a test bench verify the results of the numerical model. The analysis carried out involves studying the power, head, and efficiency parameters for different volumetric flow conditions. The results predicted by the numerical model showed an error of less than 6% compared to the experimental reports. Therefore, the proposed methodology is a useful tool to predict the performance of centrifugal pumps such as a turbine. The above will improve the development of this type of equipment and generate a significant contribution in studying these physical systems.

Topic: Mechanical Engineering

PROPOSAL OF A TIRE SHREDDER MACHINE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF RUBBER PARTICULATE MATERIAL

GARC�A-LE�N RICARDO ANDR�S ¹, JARAMILLO H Y ², GOMEZ-CAMPEROS J A ³,
¹ UFPSO, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocala, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Oca�a,

Email: ¹ ragarcial@ufpso.edu.co, ² hyjaramillo@ufpso.edu.co, ³ jagomezc@ufpso.edu.co,

Abstract: Introduction: End of Life Tires (NFU) have become a pollution problem worldwide due to the high demand in the automotive sector. Rubber, the main material with which tires are made, is not biodegradable, which generates a great long-term environmental impact. Objective: The main objective of this research is to design a rubber crushing machine to generate rubber particulate material for its implementation in different sectors such as construction, artisanal, and road as aggregates. Methodology: As part of the methodology, conventional design theories were taken into account for the selection of materials for the different elements of the crushing machine, as well as the Solidworks design software to obtain the conceptual design of the prototype. Results and Conclusions: Through design considerations, the prototype of the crushing machine will work in adequate conditions, always guaranteeing high levels of safety and performance. Likewise, it will be of low cost to promote growth and competitive capacity for studies of different products with rubber aggregates to solve the environmental problems generated worldwide.

Topic: Mechanical Engineering

REPRESENTATION OF GMAW-P WELDING PROCESS BEHAVIOR ON BEAD GEOMETRY: A STUDY OF LEADING VARIABLES.

L�ZARO PLATA JOS� LUIS ¹, S�NCHEZ RINC�N CARLOS STEVEN ²,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Oca�a, ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER OCA�A ,

Email: ¹ jllazarop@ufpso.edu.co, ² cssanchezri@ufpso.edu.co,

Abstract: Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is one of the most influential processes in the production and repair of structures and equipment. Therefore, the need to improve the productivity and quality of welded joints has led to the development of techniques for good control of welding parameters. Also, the development of semi-automatic welding processes led to the control of one of the variables such as pulsed current. This technique is characterized by a lower heat input and lower energy expenditure, which directly influences the structural quality of the welded joint and the geometry of the weld bead. This work focused on evaluating the effects of various welding operating parameters using the central composite design (CCD) tool based on the response surface methodology. Next, the experimental development employed an inverter type power source for weld depositions, a commercial grade Stargold Clean 96% Ar and 4% CO2 shielding gas at the rate of 15 L/min stationary arc, a 1.2 mm metal cored wire for welding deposit and a 1020 steel base plate with a thickness of 6 mm. During the welding process, the torch was kept at a 90� inclination and a 16 mm stroke. To examine the adequacy of the empirical models and the significance of the regression coefficients, the anova technique was employed. Consequently, the graphs were obtained through the determination of the model. According to the results, the best configuration conditions were presented indicating the chosen welding parameters and the relationship with the geometry, i.e., with the penetration, width and height of the weld bead. Furthermore, it was observed that the wire feed rate it has a very marked effect on weld bead geometry, followed by frequency pulse and peak current. Finally, the effectiveness of employing these methodologies for the management of variables attributing to the execution of welding tasks with higher accuracy was demonstrated.

Topic: Mechanical Engineering

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF CUTTING TOOL WEAR IN MACHINING CENTERS.

Email: ¹ jharevalor@ufpso.edu.co, ² eeespinelb@ufpso.edu.co, ³ enflorezs@ufpso.edu.co,

Abstract: Cutting tools have great use in the industry, for their great effectiveness at the time of being used, but it is important to know what is their proper use, because the misuse of such tools or their continuous use to perform various cutting actions can generate a continuous wear and tear that will reduce the life time of the tool. There are different methods and equations to measure the useful life of the tool, because it is important to know the useful life time to avoid that at the time that the cutting tool is used cause irreversible damage to the part. One of the best-known equations is the Taylor equation where they relate useful life time, cutting speed and two Taylor constants which are already tabulated. This project was developed in order to demonstrate by means of equations and graphs the life time and wear of the cutting tools, as well as to apply statistical equations that allow us to analyze the results obtained in the laboratory.

Topic: Mechanical Engineering

AIR QUALITY DURING COVID-19: CARBON MONOXIDE ANALYSIS IN COLOMBIA'S 32 CAPITAL CITIES

OVIEDO CARLOS ¹, VARGAS VILLAMIZAR DUBAN ANDRES ²,
¹ UFPS, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ carloshumbertoovsa@ufps.edu.co, ² dubanandresvv@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Currently, the world population is living in a sanitary emergency, due to the appearance of a new viral strain called COVID-19 that originated in Wuhan (China) and is spreading over the entire globe. The health emergency has forced the world population to establish rules that are in isolation for their welfare, leaving aside the outside life. All this caused in the environmental part as the planet regenerates, in the air quality the ESA (European Space Agency) evidenced that there were reductions according to them of up to 30% in some of the epicenters of the world. Therefore, this study will observe the atmospheric changes 4 times, (i) before quarantine, (ii) mandatory isolation, (iii) intelligent isolation, and (iv) selective isolation, in turn, the study was conducted in the 32 departmental capitals of the country, collecting data on the concentrations of CO pollutant obtained from the records of the Sentinel 5-P satellite of the European Space Agency through the Google Earth Engine platform. Likewise, the environmental impact obtained was that in the country's departmental capitals there was an increase in emissions of the pollutant during the period of mandatory isolation.

Topic: Instrumentation and Measurement

AIR QUALITY DURING COVID-19: NITROGEN DIOXIDE ANALYSIS IN SOUTH AMERICAN CAPITALS

OVIEDO CARLOS ¹, L�PEZ G�MEZ DIANA PATRICIA ², REYES DURAN MANUELA ³,
¹ UFPS, ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ carloshumbertoovsa@ufps.edu.co, ² dianapatricialg@ufps.edu.co, ³ manuelard@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Currently, the world population lives a health emergency, the product of the accelerated expansion of a new viral strain over the globe, this emergency originated in the month of December in the city of Wuhan (China), on December 31, 2019, the Chinese Government communicates to The World Health Organization that it had found cases of viral pneumonia in some people. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared a pandemic called COVID-19 when cases were reported in all continents. Due to this event, the governments of all countries took restrictive measures in order to mitigate and control the spread of the virus, reducing deaths, in this case, the capitals of 12 South American countries, implemented mandatory isolations for a few months of the year (being different in each country, depending on the behavior of the virus in the territory), revealing the variability in the levels of NO2 contamination in cities, the product of the confinement that was experienced during this period of the pandemic. The study was carried out by means of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, through the Sentinel 5-P satellite, where the NO2 column density band was identified in order to know the variability of the pollutant, during 4 periods of time (January 1, 2020 - October 31, 2020) each period of 2 and a half months, in order to analyze the different types of isolation. The results showed that in 8 cities there was a decrease in NO2 concentration levels in the second period with respect to the first, concluding that there is a variation of the pollutant in the 12 South American capitals, with most of them having the third and fourth critical periods, as in the case of Quito, Ecuador.

Topic: Instrumentation and Measurement

AIR QUALITY DURING PERIODS OF ISOLATION BY COVID-19: ANALYSIS OF NITROGEN DIOXIDE IN COLOMBIAN CAPITAL CITIES

OVIEDO CARLOS ¹, CARRILLO SOTO GUSTAVO ADOLFO ², ROJAS SU�REZ JHAN PIERO ³,
¹ UFPS, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander - C�cuta, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander ,

Email: ¹ carloshumbertoovsa@ufps.edu.co, ² gustavocarrillo@ufps.edu.co, ³ Jhanpierorojas@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: This research studies the behavior of air quality taking nitrogen dioxide (NO2) as a reference parameter during atypical conditions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. NO2 concentrations in 31 departmental capital cities of Colombia (South America) were evaluated during four periods that correspond to government actions to face the pandemic: (i) before isolation (normal conditions), (ii) mandatory isolation (significant traffic and industrial activity reduction), (iii) intelligent isolation (return of some commercial activities), and (iv) selective isolation (Increase of authorized commercial activities). Sentinel-5P mission data, recorded with the Tropomi spectrophotometer, and ground stations information were processed using Google Earth Engine tools. Ground data shows a good fit with observed satellite information. The behavior of NO2 concentration allowed classifying the cities into three classes and five subclasses with good correspondence to Colombian natural regions. Class 1, formed by the three largest capitals, showed the expected behavior of significant NO2 reduction during period II. In Class 2, Andean regi�n cities appear with non-significant changes in period II and an increase in period III for subclass 2-a corresponding to cities that concentrate cargo vehicular traffic. Classes 3-a and 3-b correspond to cities in the Caribbean and Orinoqu�a regions with a counterintuitive NO2 concentration behavior which increases during period II; the coastal Caribbean cities are classified differentially from the other cities. Subclass 3-c groups cities in the Amazon and Pacific regions, characterized by tropical rainforest ecosystems. Ground data collection is compromised by the reduced number of stations in the monitoring network.

Topic: Instrumentation and Measurement

COMPARISON OF DEEP LEARNING ARCHITECTURES IN REGRESSION AND CLASSIFICATION MODELS FOR PREDICTION OF TEMPERATURE VALUES IN A SIMULATED FIBER SPECKLEGRAM SENSOR

ARANGO MORENO JUAN DAVID ¹, ARISTIZABAL TIQUE VICTOR HUGO ², CARRASQUILLA �LVAREZ JUAN FELIPE ³, G�MEZ L�PEZ JORGE ALBERTO ⁴, QUIJANO P�REZ JAIRO CAMILO ⁵, V�LEZ HOYOS FRANCISCO JAVIER ⁶, HERRERA RAMIREZ JORGE ALEXIS ⁷,
¹ Instituto Tecnol�gico Metropolitano, ² Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, ³ Vector Institute, ⁴ Polit�cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid, ⁵ Polit�cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid, ⁶ Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, ⁷ Instituto Tecnol�gico Metropolitano,

Email: ¹ juanarango220485@correo.itm.edu.co, ² victor.aristizabalt@campusucc.edu.co, ³ carrasqu@vectorinstitute.ai, ⁴ jgomezlopez78@gmail.com, ⁵ jcquijano@elpoli.edu.co, ⁶ francisco.velezh@campusucc.edu.co, ⁷ jorgeherrerar@itm.edu.co,

Abstract: FSS (Fiber Specklegram Sensor) are sensors that use the modal interference pattern, or specklegram, at the end of an optical fiber as a metrological tool. These sensors have been of interest because of their high measurement sensitivity, low cost, and metrological versatility. Conventional interrogation methods for FSSs have been limited to spot measurements of intensity in the speckle pattern and indices of correlations between images. In this way, much of the information provided by the speckle pattern is not exploited. Thus, in this work we propose the use of convolutional networks (CNN) to generate models that represent the relationship between specklegrams and the temperatures to which a fiber is subjected. For this purpose, we generate and compare a classification model and a regression model. To train the proposed models, we created a database of 1001 specklegrams covering a range of temperatures from 0 to 100�C. These data were obtained by optical-physical simulation using the finite element method (FEM). For the classification model, we divided the database into 20 groups or classes, meaning that each class covers a 5�C temperature width. The results show that the classification model has an accuracy of 99.5%, and the regression model has a mean squared error (MSE) of 8.8�C^2, a maximum error of 10�C, and an average error of 2.34�C. These results show the potential capability of this methodology for the interrogation of FSSs by improving the metrological capabilities of these systems. Of the two proposed models, the regression model has the advantage of representing the temperature values without the uncertainty given by the temperature width of the classes defined in the database. This shows that the regression model is a better representation of the phenomenon and that is why we will seek to improve its performance in the continuation of this work.

Topic: Instrumentation and Measurement

ARCHITECTURE FOR THE AUTOMATIC CREATION AND ENRICHMENT OF ONTOLOGIES FROM LINKED DATA

ARCINIEGAS RAMIREZ FREDY YAMID ¹, PUERTO CUADROS EDUARD GILBERTO ², DOS SANTOS RICARDO ³, AGUILAR JOSE ⁴,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad de Los Andes, ⁴ Universidad de Los Andes,

Email: ¹ fredyyamidar@ufps.edu.co, ² eduardpuerto@ufps.edu.co, ³ ricardojdsg@gmail.com, ⁴ aguilarjos@gmail.com,

Abstract: In smart environments (e.g.: smart cities) there are very diverse problems that must be addressed immediately, therefore, these environments must generate knowledge that allows them to respond to those particular needs, taking advantage of information from the context (e.g.: historical data, sensor measurement, problem description, among others). As a proposal for the timely generation of these knowledge bases, in this work an architecture is developed for allows to create and enrich emerging ontologies autonomously, using as input the linked data paradigm, which are data structures that are linked to each other. to serve both human users and other systems within the semantic web. This work specifies the services that offer the ability to generate emerging ontologies according to the problem that arises, seeking to learn the different axioms (concepts or properties) of the structures that the linked data sources used have. Then, these created ontologies are enriched/populated with the information that is extracted from the different linked data sources, to be returned to the requesting system automatically. For the development of this work, the MEDAWEDE methodology is used, which allows specifying this architecture, and conducting the construction of services to consume the sources described as linked data. Its six stages are used from this methodology: i) Specification: to analyze and select the ontological data sources to use. ii) Modeling: to implement the knowledge model of the study area of the ontologies to be generated. iii) Generation: to carry out the process of transformation, filtering, and integration of the data in the generated ontology. iv) Linking: to associate the data from the generated ontology with the knowledge from the linked data sets. v) Publication: to make the generated ontology available in the different standard formats. vi) Exploitation: this stage is considered because it is dedicated to defining interfaces to access the ontology. The article also presents a case study focused on showing the process of generating an emerging ontology in the area of the Covid-19 pandemic, where the information available on the Internet is used through pre-existing ontologies and linked data sources.

Topic: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics

PERSPECTIVES, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF MACHINE LEARNING IN MEDICAL PHYSICS.

PAIPA ALVAREZ HENRY OMAR ¹, PALACIOS ALVARADO WLAMYR ², MEDINA BYRON ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ henryomarpa@ufps.edu.co, ² wlamyrpalacios@ufps.edu.co, ³ byronmedina@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Machine learning is the technology of developing computer algorithms capable of emulating human intelligence. This technology has been applied in fields as diverse as pattern recognition, computer vision, space engineering, finance, entertainment, ecology, computational biology, and biomedical and medical physics applications. Machine learning algorithms have experienced increasing use in medical sciences, most recently, in applications such as breast cancer detection and diagnosis, computational detection of lesions in diagnostic images, classification of malignant and benign tumors, bioinformatics of treatment response, modeling of normal tissue complication probabilities, among others. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to present the subject matter and contrast the relationship between physics and medicine, thus generating a discourse that will make known the applications of medical physics based on new technological developments, with the aim of complementing and generating a contribution to the literature on the subject. The methodology contemplated a systematic analysis of the literature, in search engines and scientific and academic databases, with which, based on main ideas, a map and a cloud of concepts were designed, which directed the search equations of the research. It is concluded that the most important property of these algorithms is their distinctive ability to learn the surrounding environment from the input data with or without an instructor. The application of machine learning in medical physics is in its infancy, with high potential and a promising future for improving the safety and efficiency of medical practice.

Topic: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics

PERSPECTIVES, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF ROBOTICS IN MEDICAL PHYSICS.

PAIPA ALVAREZ HENRY OMAR ¹, MEDINA BYRON ², PALACIOS ALVARADO WLAMYR ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ henryomarpa@ufps.edu.co, ² byronmedina@ufps.edu.co, ³ wlamyrpalacios@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: History has shown man's interest in the development of tools to facilitate his work, starting with the first developments in robotics, which consisted of prototypes with an attempt to emulate nature in their designs. An attempt was made to build machines whose behavior was similar to that of animated beings. With the arrival of the digital era, a vertiginous development begins where the limits in the capacity of the machines begin to move. Technology and medicine follow a parallel path during the last decades, as technological advances are modifying the concept of health and health needs are influencing the development of technology, which implies an increasing number of applications for robotics, from industry to medicine. Thus, in medical physics, the concept of robotic surgery is introduced. Consequently, the purpose of this article is to present an overview of the progress of robotics in the field of medical physics, thus generating a discourse that will make known the applications of medical physics based on new technological developments, with the aim of complementing and contributing to the literature on the subject. The methodology contemplated a systematic analysis of the literature, in search engines and scientific and academic databases, with which, based on main ideas, a map and a cloud of concepts were designed, which directed the search equations of the research. Robotic surgery is already a reality, since it has evolved to become a field of research by different disciplines, with a potential for future developments. The results show that this technology is capable of offering good results and adequate treatment to patients.

Topic: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics

SOLAR RADIATION ESTIMATION FOR C�CUTA USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS

CARDOZO SARMIENTO DARWIN ORLANDO ¹, GUEVARA IBARRA DINAEL ²,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER,

Email: ¹ darwinorlandocs@ufps.edu.co, ² dinaelgi@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Among renewable energies, photovoltaic energy is the leader, due to its durability, zero noise, manufacturing costs that are increasingly decreasing, among others, being the main technology for sustainable electrical systems. However, photovoltaic energy is intermittent and unpredictable due to weather behavior, electricity production depends on temperature, humidity and solar radiation, which makes planning the dispatch of photovoltaic power plants unreliable. Accurate estimation of solar radiation is important, and it is necessary to calculate the production of systems that obtain electricity from solar energy, either for their design and installation, for financial operations, or for solar measurement data. Instruments exist for solar radiation measurements, but they are not easy to obtain and depend on maintenance and calibration to obtain reliable data. Currently, the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) to determine solar radiation estimation models has yielded excellent results, outperforming empirical regression models. Although in the literature there are solar radiation estimation models with ANN, the training is performed with data from specific regions, so using these models in the prediction of radiation could not be applied specifically for the city of C�cuta. In this research a model with ANN is developed for the estimation of solar radiation, using for its training and validation 8688 solar radiation data for the year 2020 and 2021 from a pyranometer installed at the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander in the city of C�cuta. For the creation of the ANN model, 18434 solar radiation data in W/m2 are used for the period between December 2020 and April 2021. The measurement location at the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander in the city of C�cuta, at coordinates latitude 7.89733175119 and longitude -72.4868403106. The data obtained are filtered considering the hours between six in the morning and six in the afternoon, obtaining 8688 measurements. A distribution for the filtered data of 70% for training and 30% for model validation is used. Finally, in the validation of the ANN model, results higher than 90% are obtained in the prediction of solar radiation.

Topic: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics

DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTI-PROFILE ARTIFICIAL VISION SYSTEM FOR THE SPORTS ANALYSIS OF VOLLEYBALL

TORRES RONDON DIANA MILENA ¹, DUQUE SUAREZ MARIA CAROLINA ², DUQUE SUAREZ OSCAR MANUEL ³,
¹ SENA, ² SENA servicio nacional de aprendizaje, ³ SENA,

Email: ¹ dianamil_96@hotmail.com, ² carolinaduke@hotmail.com, ³ oduques@sena.edu.co,

Abstract: : In this article, a Multi-profile artificial vision system is developed, for which two Kinect V2 devices are used where the frontal and lateral image of the movement are captured, this in order to obtain a 3D vision for the analysis of different variables. This system is validated with athletes to check its correct operation and parameterized based on the FIVB standards, where the shooting and blocking techniques are analyzed, which in turn are subdivided into different static and dynamic variables of the athlete. Finally, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of it is carried out, generating a report with its efficiencies and deficiencies for an evolutionary report; This project has a validation system, in order to compare the data obtained in the project with those obtained by a more advanced system, and thus generate a physical and statistical analysis for the technical and tactical improvement of the athlete.

Topic: Mechatronics

ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN TRADE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF COLOMBIA'S TRADE AGREEMENTS WITH OTHER NATIONS IN THE PERIOD 1969-2017

CARVAJAL GUERRERO ANG�LICA MAR�A ¹, BASTOS OSORIO LILIANA MARCELA ², TAMAYO MEDINA ANA ISABEL ³, MERA RAMIREZ OSCAR ARNULFO ⁴,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANATANDER, ⁴ SIDERCI,

Email: ¹ angelicamariacg@ufps.edu.co, ² lilianamarcelabo@ufps.edu.co, ³ anaisabeltm@ufps.edu.co, ⁴ oscararnulfomr@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The globalization process led to the formalization of trade agreements between nations and directly affected the performance of foreign trade and the world economy, a scenario in which Colombia has a manifest presence evidenced in the various free trade agreements in force with other countries. which originated in 1969, a reflection that originated this article whose objective is to analyze foreign trade within the framework of the trade agreements of Colombia with other nations signed for five decades; The applied methodology has a qualitative and quantitative criterion through documentary research in the review and analysis of secondary information sources related to the topics of interest and referenced in the document, which in turn presents the results of the most relevant variables of foreign trade such as exports, imports, trade balance, exchange rate, foreign direct investment and gross domestic product, which are recorded in a matrix for a period from 2012 to 2020 that shows a negative performance despite the various trade agreements in force according to own calculations of the annual cumulative rates that allowed determining the trends of Colombian foreign trade and also to conclude that globalization has not favored the country's economy according to the analysis of the selected indicators that indicate a low degree of economic integration, said of otherwise, Colombian production started It is increasingly involved in foreign trade with nations that have trade agreements.

Topic: International Business

INTERNATIONALIZATION OF THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR IN COLOMBIA AN ANALYSIS FROM THE CONTEXT OF THE PACIFIC ALLIANCE

CALDER�N CAMPOS JOHANA ANDREA ¹, GALLARDO SILVIA PAOLA ², CHAPARRO RUBIO JAVIER LEANDRO ³,
¹ Universidad de Investigaci�n y Desarrollo UDI, ² UDES, ³ Universidad de Investigaci�n y Desarrollo,

Email: ¹ andreacalderoncampos@gmail.com, ² silviagallardof03@gmail.com, ³ jchaparro4@udi.edu.co,

Abstract: The industrial sector in Colombia has been one of the engines of the development of the economy and of EMPLOYMENT with medium and high wages, enough reasons to focus attention on its performance. Being competitive, expanding the market, sustaining a level of operations, boosting interactions are the sector's need and the government guides efforts to promote productive transformation, innovation, and trade agreements, such as the Pacific Alliance. After a literature review, search, structuring and analysis of data, it was possible to build a state of the art and describe quantitative aspects of the international operations that the industrial manufacturing sector of Colombia carries out to and from Chile, Peru and Mexico, with information from sources information, such as reports from public institutions, licensed databases, indexed journals, doctoral theses, technical reports, conference proceedings, and electronic sources (Internet), among others. The methodology implemented in the literature review was the Design Review and consolidation of data from the operations of the last decade to determine which are the main destinations and origins of international operations and to appreciate the advantages and benefits that the alliance refers to the nation.

Topic: International Business

METHODOLOGY THAT SUPPORTS THE PROCESS OF INTERNATIONALIZATION OF SMES, APPLICABLE IN THE CLUSTER TIC �NORTIC DE NORTE DE SANTANDER

GALLARDO SILVIA PAOLA ¹, MART�NEZ LOZADA ANDREA CATALINA ²,
¹ UDES, ² Universidad Aut�noma de Bucaramanga,

Email: ¹ silviagallardof03@gmail.com, ² amartinez368@unab.edu.co,

Abstract: The Cluster of Information and Communication Technologies (NORTIC) of the department of Norte de Santander, is a joint initiative, implemented between the local government and the different business actors in the region, with the primary intention of promoting the growth of companies in the ICT productive sector, through the transformation and consolidation of companies dedicated to the development of software, hardware and other associated goods and services, while these companies are used to promote the entire productive chain of the department. One of the central axes of this project is the internationalization of services, encompassing training processes, accreditation, and participation in international fairs. Despite the foregoing, few companies in the region actively undertake internationalization strategies. Therefore, it is essential to design a clear and accessible methodology that promotes such internationalization, and overcomes the particular problems that prevent it. The research approach used to achieve this objective is qualitative-descriptive, and is given as the product of the analysis of the organizational structures that have previously undergone such activity, added to the consensus of those accessed in the study through of information triangulation. As a result of this project, a methodology of three phases of gradual and consecutive application is obtained, which begins by evaluating the particular viability of each company, and then establishing, consequently, a series of tools that allow to start the globalization of its markets. With the implementation of the proposal, the principle is forged that motivates entrepreneurs to create new markets in other countries in order to increase the economic potential that ultimately evokes in the development not only of those companies but also of society. Keywords: Internationalization, ICT, Cluster

Topic: International Business

SOCIAL MEDIA MANAGEMENT; COMPETITIVENESS AND LEVERAGE IN MICRO SMES

G�MEZ JUAN JOSE ¹, QUINTERO MILEIDA ², SALAS NI�O MARIA PAULA ³, JIM�NEZ RODR�GUEZ LUIS ALFREDO ⁴,
¹ FESC, ² FESC, ³ FESC, ⁴ FESC,

Email: ¹ est_jj_gomez@fesc.edu.co, ² est_m_quintero@fesc.edu.co, ³ est_mp_salas@fesc.edu.co, ⁴ la.jimenes@fesc.edu.co,

Abstract: Community management is widely practiced or aspired to be practiced in today's business world. However, there is a lack of proper understanding on the subject because it is a relatively new concept. Community management roles are either given to unqualified people or added as a responsibility to an employee. Both are unwise. Therefore, community managers are able to specifically define their role in the business and what community management brings to the company. On the other hand, senior management must perceive it as a form of online marketing, which causes a bottleneck in community management efforts. In that sense, the study will address the gaps in the world of community management and suggests that clear objectives, skilled community managers and collective efforts are required for maximum benefit.

Topic: International Business

ACCESS TO MONETARY RESOURCES AS VARIABLES TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY IN COMPANIES IN THE CLOTHING SECTOR

RUEDA VERA GERSON ¹, VELASCO BURGOS BLANCA MERY ², AVENDA�O CASTRO WILLIAM RODRIGO ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander-C�cuta, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander seccional Oca�a, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander ,

Email: ¹ gersonruedavera@ufps.edu.co, ² bmvelasco@ufpso.edu.co, ³ williamavendano@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Production is a variable that organizations try to maximize, for this reason large industries and the global market try to hegemonize the leading products of the different productive sectors, therefore, for organizations in the apparel sector it is important to remain stable in times of difficulty. The purpose of the research establishes the evaluation of monetary resources as a variable to improve productivity in companies in the clothing sector of the city of C�cuta; based on the theory of working capital and the theory of value; The methodology used was framed in the quantitative approach, type of descriptive research, the study population is made up of 58 SME companies, registered in the Chamber of Commerce, the sample was of 51 companies to collect the information, the survey was applied, validated by and peers experts and the Cronbach's alpha statistical coefficient. In the research, the descriptive statistics analysis was carried out showing the percentage values related to the production levels, the main source of obtaining monetary resources, the investment risk levels in this productive sector, the level of rotation of the finished and ready products. For the sale, in addition, a correlational analysis was generated where the variables were crossed to establish if there was a relationship between them, where the statistical indicators of symmetric measures Tau-b of kendall, Gamma, and Kappa were applied. Conclusions were drawn where it is highlighted that entrepreneurs lack information related to access to state resources, production levels are at a medium level, and that there is a perception of risk when investing capital in companies in this productive sector, being It is necessary for organizations to assume new market strategies based on product innovation and customer loyalty.

Topic: Business and Economics

APPROACHES ON THE BEHAVIOR OF SHARING KNOWLEDGE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH INNOVATIVE BEHAVIOR. A THEORETICAL REFLECTION.

REGALADO CALANCHE DUBYS ¹,
¹ Universidad del Valle- Universidad del Magdalena,

Email: ¹ dubyssofia@gmail.com,

Abstract: The objective of this presentation is to reflect on the behavior of sharing knowledge and its relationship with innovative behavior. To achieve this objective, it was necessary to carry out a theoretical reflection based on the literature review. Innovations arise from the knowledge, experience, creativity and other skills of people who are involved in organizational processes to generate and implement new ideas (De Jong & Hartog, 2007; De Spiegelaere & Van Gyes, 2012). Innovative behavior refers to intentional behaviors to create ideas, promote them and introduce them in order to generate innovations. The generation of ideas of innovative behavior refers to the ability to propose ideas, based on knowledge and skills. On the other hand, the promotion of ideas refers to the promotion, defense and achievement of resources of the new idea, while the implementation refers to the implementation of that new idea, transforming itself into innovations (Janssen, 2000; Steyn & de Bruin, 2019; Yuan & Woodman, 2010; Dorenbosch, Bos-Nehles & Veenendaal, 2019; Pukienė & �kudienė, 2016). From the above, it is evident that innovative behavior requires people to get involved in work (Bos-Nehles, Renkema & Janssen, 2017), in other words it depends on the intentionality and commitment of people to generate innovations. In this sense, the behavior of sharing knowledge becomes a relevant input to generate innovative behaviors. Knowledge exchange has been defined as a set of actions carried out in order to share knowledge with co-workers (Helmy et al, 2020) to carry out a task, generating in turn another new knowledge (Pian et al, 2019). From this perspective, the behavior of sharing knowledge is based on the social interaction of the members who are part of an organization. This means that as more social interaction occurs between people in an organization, the possibility of generating improvements and innovations within organizations increases (Afsar et al., 2017; Nguyen, et al., 2019). Based on the above, it can be elucidated that the behavior of sharing knowledge between people enables the generation of innovative behaviors (Wah et al., 2018; Nguyen et al., 2019; Setiawan & Yuniarsih, 2020; Helmy et al., 2020; Ibrahim et al., 2020; Vandavasi et al., 2020), given that by exchanging knowledge, people can strengthen their knowledge, improve their skills and identify opportunities to generate new ideas, develop and apply them (Pian et al., 2019). In this sense, organizations that need to promote their innovations have a call to develop a culture for the exchange of knowledge, with a view to increasing the innovative behaviors of employees (Afsar, et al., 2017; Helmy et al., 2020) , which translates into fostering good attitudes towards the socialization of knowledge, having tools and strategies that make it easier for people to share their knowledge and generate new creative ideas (Seo et al., 2016), instead of forcing them to be innovative ( Lee & Song, 2020). In general, the studies reviewed indicate that the behavior of sharing knowledge encourages innovative behaviors (Kim & Park, 2015), therefore, it is necessary to create favorable environments that promote the socialization of knowledge, in such a way that it becomes part of the organizational culture. According to Afsar et al, (2017), the permanent exchange of knowledge strengthens friendship, communication and trust in socializing new ideas among colleagues or even with their superiors. Finally, it can be noted that there is a positive relationship between knowledge exchange and innovative behavior, knowledge exchange enables the generation of new ideas, their promotion and application. Therefore, it is deduced the need to promote spaces and communication channels that facilitate interaction between the people of the organization, with a view to generating innovative behaviors.

Topic: Business and Economics

BENCHMARKING OF BEST PRACTICES ADAPTED TO THE EDUCATION AND WORK ACTIVITIES OF ORGANIZATIONS IN THE 21ST CENTURY.

PARODI CASTRO GONZALO EDUARDO ¹, FRANCO CARRE�O MICHELL CAMILO ², PANIZO CARDONA CESAR AUGUSTO ³,
¹ Universidad Sim�n Bol�var - UniSim�n C�cuta, Colombia., ² Fundaci�n de Estudios Superiores Comfanorte - FESC C�cuta, Colombia, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander - UFPS,

Email: ¹ g.parodi@unisimonbolivar.edu.co, ² mf_franco@fesc.edu.co, ³ cesaraugustopc@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The economic and social costs of the pandemic are still unknown, but an economic crisis unprecedented in modern history is evident and expected. It is estimated that the generalized falls in GDP worldwide will affect developing countries the most; data that are already evident in the main official economic indicators published by each country. The IDB Macroeconomic Report "Policies to Combat the Pandemic" estimates a drop in regional GDP of up to 5.5%. It is analyzed that the crisis will impact the basic processes of building human capital, so policies to mitigate its effects and preserve educational trajectories in the long term are indispensable (Education in times of the coronavirus: The educational systems of Latin America and the Caribbean in the face of COVID-19. Inter-American Development Bank - IDB, 2020). As a result of globalization and the profound digital transformation, companies, labor and educational training have undergone a paradigm shift that is having a special impact on the economy and its current organizations (Companies and Educational Institutions), thus evidencing the urgency and need for a review and/or reformulation of the managerial competencies and roles at each labor and educational level that are presumed for those who are to guide the new business models and the training of the global workforce in this social sphere in constant transition from scale market economies to new transnational economies, highlighting digitization as the main element of adaptation within the strategies. The digital economy is associated with a stage of economic development that will have a cross-cutting impact on the production models of all sectors and countries, create jobs and give rise to new occupations. The processes of business adaptation and the role of academic management and teachers have been marked by the need to educate from a vision of blended learning, which proposes a complementarity between traditional teaching resources with modern digital tools. However, the incipient teacher training in the use of technologies for pedagogical purposes forced them to enter into a process of constant and progressive training, the result of which has been a radical transformation in their pedagogical vision. In the same way, the various technological tools required to develop work activities were acquired by these systems, with Home Office type strategies. This is why many organizations, both private and public, had to accelerate their acquisition and recognition of technological advances, which were projected to be achieved by the year 2022 or 2023. It is very likely that after overcoming this historical pandemic situation, organizations will decide to continue working in a hybrid work environment (face-to-face and remote), in order to take advantage of these technologies and in turn the opportunities for improvement (in some cases) to increase productivity, both at a personal and collective level of their collaborators. At the same time, just over half of the companies surveyed stated that they plan to reskill only employees in key positions, while only one-third plan to reskill at-risk workers. Unfortunately, many challenges remain to realize this world. Millions of children are still out of school. Technology is making work more efficient, but we urgently need to increase access to the skills, tools and financial services needed to thrive in the new digital economy. In addition to a wide wage gap, women around the world face daily risks of violence, including domestic violence, sex trafficking, child marriage and female genital mutilation. (Report: The Future of Work, World Economic Forum). While nearly 50% of all companies expect their full-time workforce to shrink by 2022 as a result of automation, nearly 40% expect to expand their overall workforce and more than a quarter expect automation to create new positions in their companies. (Report: The Future of Work, World Economic Forum). Five things you need to know about the future of jobs: 1. Automation, robotization and digitization look different in different industries. 2. In the midst of significant labor disruption, there is a net positive outlook for jobs. 3. 3. The division of labor between humans, machines and algorithms is changing rapidly. 4. New tasks in the workplace lead to an increase in demand for new skills. 5. We will all have to become lifelong learners. (Report: The Future of Work, World Economic Forum). What are good practices in education: When we refer to good practices in relation to the experience of sharing knowledge that can be useful to generate innovation, promote educational quality and create knowledge networks, we refer to those that "involve a process of research-action by forcing teachers to rethink their practice, select objectives and content, design interaction strategies between students and the material (activities) and rethink their evaluation" (P�rez, �., and Sola, M. (2006) La emergencia de buenas pr�ctica

Topic: Business and Economics

BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW TO DETERMINE LOGISTICS 4.0 TOOLS IN MYPIMES ON COLOMBIA

BERMUDEZ HERNANDEZ ERICK YESID ¹, BOH�RQUEZ RODR�GUEZ JUAN CAMILO ², SARMIENTO SAAVEDRA OSCAR EDUARDO ³,
¹ SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE - SENA., ² Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje, ³ Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje - SENA,

Email: ¹ eybermudez59@misena.edu.co, ² juancamilo.b@misena.edu.co, ³ oesarmiento682@misena.edu.co,

Abstract: The evolution of the industry, through the so-called fourth industrial revolution, has generated many changes in the activities of companies, therefore, the bibliographic review of the topics of industry 4.0., Logistics 4.0, and the implementation of logistics 4.0, in Colombia, the objective of this review was to identify the transformation processes that have been taking place in the world and, as logistics, as a transversal sector of production processes, is not alien to updating its processes and activities. The review process had a deductive approach, looking at the particularities of the concept of Industry 4.0., In the world, the digital transformation in companies, the tools that have been developed to improve the way of production, from there the branch was selected of logistics 4.0, as an area of digital transformation, which has been changing its processes and integrating tools such as IoT, BigData, Artificial Intelligence, 3D Printing, Robotization, among others, which have improved the performance of companies in the world. And finally, the processes that are taking place in Colombia were identified, compared to the implementation process of the 4.0 logistics tools, determining that the country has a good indicator of technological development, but has infrastructure limitations and the implementation of the Logistics 4.0 is very insipient. This review occurs in the development of the research project called "Design of strategies for the implementation of tools in logistics 4.0 in MSMEs of Soacha and Bogot� that allow the reconverting of industries to increase their competitiveness in post-COVID-19." Identify the 4.0 logistics processes and tools that are being used in the companies of the municipalities of Soacha and Bogot�, based on this, it is intended to build a manual for the implementation of the tools, which are more appropriate, to be implemented at the micro, small and medium enterprises of these municipalities, and with it, help to improve their competitiveness.

Topic: Business and Economics

BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW TO DETERMINE LOGISTICS 4.0 TOOLS IN MYPIMES ON COLOMBIA

PE�A TORRES MIGUEL ANGEL ¹, BERMUDEZ HERNANDEZ ERICK YESID ², BOH�RQUEZ RODR�GUEZ JUAN CAMILO ³, SARMIENTO SAAVEDRA OSCAR EDUARDO ⁴,
¹ SENA, ² SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE - SENA., ³ Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje, ⁴ Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje - SENA,

Email: ¹ eustacio3210@gmail.com, ² eybermudez59@misena.edu.co, ³ juancamilo.b@misena.edu.co, ⁴ oesarmiento682@misena.edu.co,

Topic: Business and Economics

BUSINESS LEADERSHIP, CASE STUDY SOMOS CACAO S.A.S., IN ITS QUEST TO ACHIEVE FAIR TRADE

MORA URBINA YORLEY ADRIANA ¹, ZARATE OCAMPO DIEGO ², PANIZO CARDONA CESAR AUGUSTO ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander - UFPS, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander - UFPS, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander - UFPS,

Email: ¹ yorleyadrianamu@ufps.edu.co, ² diegozarate@ufps.edu.co, ³ cesaraugustopc@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: World Cocoa Day is celebrated every year on July 7th. Every year in our countries we celebrate it, but we do not analyze the various ways to increase improvements, not only in economic terms, but also in one of the most important elements of the business: human beings and the environment. In our country Colombia; where we have the natural wealth of having a climate and the possibility of participating in the production and supply chain of cocoa; we want to share various experiences that have been carried out globally with the company Somos Cacao S.A.S., being this company, a model of good practices for the cocoa sector. That is why we highlight the idea of participating with a sustainable and environmentally sustainable business model, based on the Sustainable Development Goals of the UN and in the search to apply proposals for a fair and equitable trade with each of the members of the chain (favoring the environment and in turn the people who are part of each link). The Fair Trade, facilitates to the small organized producers, as a direct access to the market, with fair and equitable conditions, creating a channel of sustainable, solidary and quality commercialization; as direct as possible between the producers and the consumers. The basic criteria of fair trade are the establishment of a direct relationship between producers, consumers and each of the participants of the supply chain; through the cancellation as far as possible of intermediaries and speculators involved in business models and with the application of a fair and stable price that allows the producer and his family to live in dignity. Fair Trade organizations globally, propose ideas about the constant deterioration of the quality and durability of products, as a result of the exploitation of many producers, but above all, the insecurity and job instability of families in our territories and globally, subsist with this business (CLAC, Fair Trade Organization and Netflix Documentary Rotten. Chapter: Bitter Chocolate). Entrepreneurship with Social Responsibility, case study Somos Cacao S.A.S.: Taking the attraction of a landscape, to a business idea and then to the implementation of the same; has been in the case of Somos Cacao a love of the territory and its people, which involves from the fruits of nature, the feelings of the farmer, but also to take on the task of rediscovering the past and the wonderful history behind this crop. But it is also important to let the world know the social, economic and production realities of those who have cocoa crops in their hands and especially the conditions to develop their activity; which also allows to recognize those symbolic, intangible values and convert them into monetary values, i.e. better prices for their crops and consequently improve their income and quality of life. For example, symbolic values such as the resilience of their families and their vulnerability to violence and armed conflict, because they are located in rural areas, forgotten by the State. (MinAgricultura and Fedecacao)

Topic: Business and Economics

BUSINESS SKILLS WORKSHOP OUTSIDE THE CLASSROOM, PEDAGOGICAL STRATEGY IN THE TRAINING OF ENTREPRENEURIAL PROFESSIONALS

MOSQUERA CARRASCAL ADRIANA ¹, VERGEL QUINTERO DAMARYS ², BAYONA TRILLOS RAM�N ARMANDO ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Oca�a, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Seccional Oca�a, ³ UFPS Oca�a,

Email: ¹ amosquerac@ufpso.edu.co, ² dvergelq@ufpso.edu.co, ³ rabayonat@ufpso.edu.co,

Abstract: The Business Skills Training Plan, in the second semester of the Business Administration program, develops the �motivational stage�, with the students who take the administrative process subject, who participate in the strategy called �Business Skills Workshop outside the classroom�, whose objective is to apply and reflect on the competences of: Flexibility, empathy, self-confidence, perceptual amplitude, achievement orientation, decision making and social sensitivity. The type of research used is descriptive, with a qualitative approach, for which the information collection instrument was used the reports of the students referring to the strategy developed. Among the most significant findings are: the development of seven activities for the development of seven business competencies developed in three different scenarios, two physical and one online (the university, the 15th Infantry Battalion and virtuality), as a contribution to the business training of the students of the Business Administration program, through the application of the pedagogical strategy. It is concluded that the "Business skills workshop outside the classroom" is an effective tool to motivate and develop entrepreneurial skills and abilities in future Business Administration professionals.

Topic: Business and Economics

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE COLOMBIAN CAPITAL MARKET. A LOOK FROM THE ACADEMY.

FRANCO CUARTAS FERNANDO DE JES�S ¹,
¹ SENA,

Email: ¹ fdjfranco@sena.edu.co,

Abstract: In the literature it is common to refer to the financial system without any discrimination of the subsystems that compose it; the money market, the capital market, the foreign exchange market and the counter market. Each of these markets integrates a series of agents and institutions, with different roles for their operation in the open and globalized market economy, since the eighties of the 20th century under the advent of information and communication technologies that they have permeated every corner of the planet. The objective of this study is to characterize the Colombian financial subsystem called capital market, both intermediated and disintermediated, according to the entry into operation of the Colombian stock market in 2001. The research is mixed with a descriptive, analytical approach and transversal. The methodological design begins with the practice and teaching experience in the subjects, undergraduate and postgraduate, of capital markets, derivatives markets, risk analysis and structuring and management of investment portfolios in more than twenty-five institutions of higher education, for thirty years , In colombia. The constant review of primary and secondary sources have enriched the academic view of the financial system as well as participation as a natural person in the intermediary market demanding credit and as an investor in the sale of securities in the local park. As results we can cite the pedagogical systematization of the capital market in teaching practice and the motivation of countless professionals who see other investment and financing alternatives beyond traditional banking. Apart from the logistical, economic, technological and economic and financial education restrictions, this paper contributes to academic reflection fundamental elements towards the democratization of knowledge and its implementation to demystify the sacralized heteronomies from the hegemonic discourse of the classical financial system and invites to the appropriation of basic tools, from spreadsheets and the use of mobile devices, to active participation in the capital market with an emphasis on disintermediation.

Topic: Business and Economics

CREATION OF A SATIVA L. HEMP FIBER PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING COMPANY FOR TEXTILE USE

PINEDA VALD�S CAMILO ENRIQUE ¹, BAUTISTA TARAZONA IV�N JAMID ²,
¹ Instituto Universitario de la Paz UNIPAZ, ² Instituto Universitario de la Paz UNIPAZ,

Email: ¹ camilo.pineda@unipaz.edu.co, ² ivanjamid@unipaz.edu.co,

Abstract: After analyzing the water intended for human consumption in many cities around the world, high amounts of pesticides used for growing cotton have been found, among many others. According to the registry of some entities, the number of people poisoned by pesticides rises to five million each year. Likewise, a record of the number of poisoned animals could be kept, because, although a record is not kept, the number has several digits. Given this, "the most used natural fiber" in the world no longer seems so "natural". Unfortunately, cotton is becoming more and more resistant to spraying and therefore stronger pesticides are used every day, in addition to increasing the frequency and quantity of doses. Many of these pesticides are extremely toxic because they are derived from petroleum. Although cotton is only found in 3% of the farms on the planet; its harvest consumes 11% of the pesticides used in the world. In short, discouraging words, we have been deceived by cotton because we do not know the details of its production. In contrast, Hemp in addition to having good climatic adaptation, the pesticides necessary for its cultivation are minimal, if not unnecessary. In addition, it can be harvested year after year without depleting the soil Hemp is a textile fiber that results from the treatment of Cannabis Sativa. This plant does not have a specific climate or region to emerge; It is a plant that adapts to practically all places on the planet except the polar zones, having as its only conditions only moderate amounts of water and fertilizers. Hemp, unlike a normal tree, is a fast growing plant, it is also rich in cellulose and fiber, characteristics that make it the ideal substitute for the production of paper and textile fibers. Is the start-up of a sativa hemp fiber production and processing company viable, in the special district of Barrancabermeja, for textile use? Now, the implementation of the possible conditioning of the cultivation of this plant in the district of Barrancabermeja will bring with it the following benefits: economic, cultural and environmental. Economic: The main benefit that this initiative will bring will be the diversification of the different sectors of the Barranca district economy, in addition to this, it will make Barrancabermeja an attractive market for both national and international investors. The hemp industry in the country is still developing very slowly, but, being a pioneering and innovative initiative, it promotes the participation of other sectors to make hemp an industrial and attractive use for other markets.  Cultural: Colombia is known for its drug trafficking problems in the past. In an attempt to address the problem, the government decriminalized personal use of all drugs, including hemp. mysteriously, it was banned in the 1930s as a result of the war on drugs. This is due to a �confusion� due to his physical resemblance to his psychoactive cannabis cousin. Anslinger (a US government official) testified before Congress saying without any statistical proof "Marijuana is the drug that has caused the most violence in the history of mankind." That said, in the part of cultural benefit we want to make known to the inhabitants of Barranquilla that hemp is not a psychoactive drug because its THC levels are very minimal compared to cannabis, so it is not an addictive substance . Also to understand the various uses of hemp not only in textile but also medicinal, industrial among others.  Environmental: Due to its rapid growth, hemp becomes an effective soil protector, preventing erosion and preventing the growth of weeds. The use of this plant in almost 20,000 products helps to reduce the use of materials that are harmful to the environment, in contrast, Hemp, in addition to having good climatic adaptation, the pesticides necessary for its cultivation are minimal, if not unnecessary. In addition, it can be harvested year after year without depleting the soil. The implementation of this project has as one of the main points to help reduce environmental pollution since the use of common textiles that are detrimental to the increase in pollution, thanks to their chemical variables, will be reduced. The development of the project will allow to describe the production process and uses currently given to hemp; know the process of transformation of hemp; know the process of transformation of hemp as fiber for textile use; carry out a study of the legal framework necessary for the start-up of hemp production and its transformation in Colombia; carry out market research to determine the demand and the potential market and its characteristics; design a marketing plan which establishes the penetration and marketing strategies that must be implemented for the start-up of the company; as well as carry out a study that collects information related to legal and tax aspects, regulations and requirements, necessary for the creation of the company.

Topic: Business and Economics

CUSTOMER LOYALTY AND SERVICE QUALITY: BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS USING SCIENCE MAPPING

MARTINEZ GARAVITO DIANA MARCELA ¹, JARAMILLO H Y ², MARTINEZ OVALLOS CIRO ANDREY ³,
¹ UFPS sede C�cuta , ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocala, ³ UFPSO,

Email: ¹ dianamvz.dm@gmail.com, ² hyjaramillo@ufpso.edu.co, ³ camartinezo@ufpso.edu.co,

Abstract: The quality of the service is a determining factor in the success of the entire company and is directly related to customer satisfaction and loyalty, which leads to better results in sales and positioning of the company in the market. There are several studies carried out on the subject, which have been able to show that these factors have a positive impact on customer retention intentions. The quality of service and customer satisfaction has been a topic of extensive analysis in recent years, both aspects have a positive impact on customer retention intentions, although satisfaction is considered a stronger predictor for retention. This review article is developed from a bibliometric analysis developed through the Web of Sciense (Wos) database, where an identification is made of the works, journals, authors, countries and main organizations that have contributed to strengthening this area of knowledge, likewise, networks of authors, countries and co-occurrence co-citations are carried out, which allow us to perceive the relationship between them and their importance. Finally, an analysis is proposed based on the metaphor of the tree, which allows the identification of the oldest documents referring to the subject of analysis, reaching the most recent documents, and in this future way to raise the panorama of the investigations. This research uses the Science Mapping concept, through which, based on bibliometric review methods, it performs an analysis of documents available in the literature on different fields, specialties and disciplines. The methodological process addressed is divided into two parts, an initial stage that includes the bibliometric analysis, which was developed from the documentary search in the Web Of Science (WoS) database, in which it was possible to filter the search to starting from bibliometric indicators. And later in the second stage, an analysis of the collected documents was carried out in order to build the R network from the co-citations, using the analogy of the tree, and in this way to be able to structure the documents found that would allow finally identify and establish research prospects. It was found that the main countries that have developed research in this area are China and the United States, additionally the journals, organizations and authors with the greatest activity related to the subject of. Finally, as part of the network analysis carried out, the metaphor of the tree was elaborated, with which the classic, structural and recent documents that constitute the current bibliography regarding the quality of the service and decisions are the perspectives in this area were established.

Topic: Business and Economics

DESIGN OF A SOCIAL INNOVATION ROUTE IN OCA�A COMPANIES

PACHECO S�NCHEZ CARLOS ALBERTO ¹, NAVARRO CLARO GENNY TORCOROMA ², PINEDA L�PEZ CINDY PAOLA ³,
¹ Corporaci�n Universitaria Minuto de Dios, ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER OCA�A , ³ Corporaci�n de gesti�n de empresarial, investigativa y de proyectos,

Email: ¹ carlos.pacheco.s@uniminuto.edu, ² gtnavarroc@ufpso.edu.co, ³ cipapilo.04@gmail.com,

Abstract: Social innovation is an important agent to achieve technical-scientific invention, also, to contribute to a better development of society, however, it must be led by any institution that recognizes a philosophy of social purpose, in cohesion to the following dimensions: 1. The content dimension. 2. The process dimension. 3. The empowerment dimension (Hern�ndez-Ascanio, Tirado-Valencia, & Ariza-Montes, 2016). Hence, social innovation will align the politics of the country and the world to create collective societies with a high desire for cooperation, that is, it will be based on values that sustain resilience, solidarity and reciprocity to work on different problems and / or better understand the cycles and social, environmental and economic dynamics that a locality, company or community goes through. By 2030, companies must carry out a strategic process based on the promotion of social innovation that allows them to achieve competitiveness and sustainability in territories with high potential for their socio-economic development, the above, encourages every institution to guarantee and work collectively by the communities ensuring positive implications in contexts where the communities present different social, economic and environmental problems. Now, from the theoretical and conceptual approaches, different routes are promoted that prioritize enlisting situations, understanding the social structure according to the interest groups, identifying solutions, creating the ideation process, implementing strategies and scaling the appropriation of social technology and knowledge transfer (UNIMINUTO, 2021). For Sinergiak (2011), social innovation must be understood as attitudes, ideas, initiatives, activities, organizations, services or products that are motivated to respond to needs and at the same time pursue and produce social, economic, cultural or organizational benefits (Hern�ndez -Ascanio, Tirado-Valencia, & Ariza-Montes, 2016). From the methodological approach, the study uses a descriptive methodology of a quantitative nature, for this, the survey technique was applied to 20 entrepreneurs from different economic sectors of the Oca�a region, with the aim of collecting information on the management and applicability of the principles of social innovation. With the results obtained, it is evidenced that organizations fail to promote social innovation strategies, causes of the weak administrative structure, that is, lack and deficiencies in strategic planning, on the other hand, 30% of entrepreneurs consider that working with the community is an indispensable challenge to build territories that are more humane and committed to future generations. However, they recognize that there are very few incentives on the part of the institutions and the government for a policy and ideology of change to be prioritized in an articulated way. In that order of ideas and under the realities of the territory, the social innovation route is built in business scenarios, through a process map representation that indicates the following phases: I. Contextualization of problems. II. Ideation. III. Participation mechanisms. IV. Implementation of solutions. V. Systematization of experience and results. SAW. Acknowledgments. VII. Monitoring and evaluation of innovation.

Topic: Business and Economics

DETERMINATION OF LEAD PRICE VOLATILITY, IN THE INTERNATIONAL MARKETS THROUGH AN ECONOMETRIC MODEL

ALVARADO M�NDEZ CLAUDIA MARIA ¹,
¹ Instituto Universitario de la Paz UNIPAZ,

Email: ¹ claudia.alvarado@unipaz.edu.co,

Abstract: The study included the application of the econometric models most used to measure volatilities, in time series; With the objective of defining the most significant for the calculation of lead price volatility (Pb). It is carried out in two moments with two different data series, being one, the original series from June 2010 to June 2015, that when performing the test of normality and seasonality, throws rejection of the H0, in addition its reflex histogram A leptokurtic distribution, typical of volatile time series, showing a possible adjustment with the ARIMA models, later the GARCH - ARCH models were used, estimating the GARCH component of the residues to estimate the variance. Then ARCH type models are incorporated, presenting little adjustment, since there is a sudden change of structure as of April 2011, which entails determining a new dataset from May 2011 to June 2015 . The results showed the following conclusions: The residuals of any model were considered to be white noise, so that the most significant and best fit models were chosen using the information criteria of (AIC) and (BIC). The series of yields analyzed are asymmetric and leptoc�rticas, since their variance is very changing with the passage of time, alternate periods of low volatility, followed by others of high volatility, denoting a persistence of the same, being a deterministic function of the Historical behavior and therefore of the ARCH - GARCH models. The volatility found, for the two periods studied, show that there are higher spikes both bulls and bearers, for the period from May 2011 to June 2015, having a higher investment risk, since the price is more unstable, with higher oscillations

Topic: Business and Economics

DIAGNOSIS ON EDUCATION AND TAX CULTURE IN THE INCOME AND COMPLEMENTARY TAXES OF NATURAL PERSONS IN BUCARAMANGA

PINO JAIMES CINDY LORENA ¹, SANDOVAL VILLAMIZAR DIANEY YAMILE ², ACEVEDO JHON JAIME ³,
¹ Unidades Tecnol�gicas de Santander , ² Unidades Tecnol�gicas de Santander , ³ Unidades Tecnol�gicas de Santander,

Email: ¹ cindypino@correo.uts.edu.co, ² dianeysandoval@correo.uts.edu.co, ³ jhonacevedo@correo.uts.edu.co,

Abstract: Tax culture is an important issue from the economic, political and academic sphere that has been dealt with in organizations such as: UNESCO, CEPAL and within the academy authors such as: Nerr�, B. (2001), M�ndez (2004), , Estrada (2014), Bonilla (2014), Benalcazar (2015), Castillo (2016), Yaguache (2018), Heydari (2020), Atuguba (2021) among others. Tax education is the conduit through which the change in the feeling, thinking and doing of each one is achieved, (Armas y Colmenares, 2009); The formation of tax conscience and morality is not an easy job, it requires time, as it implies a continuous process of learning and commitment, on this basis, tax education strategies should be formulated that lead citizens from an early age to become aware of their responsibilities to the government. (Castillo, & Castillo, 2016). The present work aims to carry out a diagnosis on tax education and culture in relation to the obligation to declare income and supplementary taxes for natural persons in Bucaramanga, in order to formulate an innovative strategy. The research was exploratory and descriptive, with a quantitative and qualitative approach, using the method of analysis to the results obtained from a survey applied to 384 natural persons not declaring income, it was possible to determine that more than 60% of the population is clear about the basic aspects of the generalities of the income tax, with some ignorance of the benefits obtained when paying taxes and with a high degree of acceptance of the strategy proposed on the creation of an interactive and friendly mobile application that determines the obligation to file the return, promotes tax education and tax contribution as a citizen duty. Keywords: Taxpayer, Tax Culture, Tax Education, Tax, Income.

Topic: Business and Economics

DIGITAL MARKETING AND BRAND POSITIONING OF THE HOTEL SECTOR COMPANIES IN THE CITY OF C�CUTA

FORERO SEPULVEDA LUIS AUGUSTO ¹, VEGA MENDEZ MARA YISSETH ², SEP�LVEDA ANGARITA MAGDA ZARELA ³,
¹ UFPS, ² UFPS, ³ ufps,

Email: ¹ luisaugustofs@ufps.edu.co, ² marayissethvm@ufps.edu.co, ³ MAGDAZARELASA@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The growth in supply and demand, together with the processes of globalization, the impulse of telecommunications, and means of transport, have made the hotel sector diversify and face great challenges. The hotel industry worldwide has been transforming and adapting to the needs of different times. The development of the tourism industry is undoubtedly one of the sectors that contributes the most to economic growth, however, in recent years at the national and local level the occupancy of hotels has decreased, levels are fluctuating and there is still an oversupply, situation that evidences the latent need to formulate strategies that promote the growth of the sector. In this sense, the present research aims to analyze the incidence of Digital Marketing in the brand positioning of companies in the hotel sector in the city of C�cuta. For this, a quantitative research is proposed, with an expo facto method and a non-experimental, transectional, correlational design. In the first instance, based on the review of the literature, the theoretical development of digital marketing and the way in which it influences brand positioning will be analyzed, which will allow identifying the elements and indicators that indicate or account for the incidence relationship among the variables studied. It will also inquire about the current situation of brand positioning and the use of digital marketing tools in the city's hotel sector. Based on the findings, a route of action based on digital marketing strategies will be designed, which will serve as a practical guide to strengthen the brand positioning of the hotel sector in the city of C�cuta. Among the preliminary results, at the documentary level, there is evidence of the direct relationship between the analyzed constructs and the identification of factors such as advertising and technology adoption that significantly affect the behavior of the sector. At the sectoral level, these results will serve as input for the city's hotel companies to make the right decisions.

Topic: Business and Economics

DIGITAL MATURITY IN MIPYMES WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE #MIPYMESSETRANFORMA STRATEGY IN NORTE DE SANTANDER

POSADA HADDAD MIGUEL EDUARDO ¹, TRIANA SANCHEZ MARGARITA ROSA ², VILLAMIZAR NU�EZ CESAR ANTONIO ³,
¹ SENA, ² SENA, ³ SENA,

Email: ¹ meposada7@misena.edu.co, ² mrtrianas@sena.edu.co, ³ cavillamizar@sena.edu.co,

Abstract: The SENA accompanies Colombian Mipymes in the digital transformation, through a virtual technical assistance strategy to contribute to the strengthening of capacities and business models. The objective of this strategy is to improve the degree of digital maturity of Colombian pymes in their organizational processes. The methodology consists of virtual technical assistance that allowed the entrepreneur to identify business model opportunities, improve their processes and take advantage of technology at the service of their businesses. It is concluded that this strategy improved the levels of digital transformation, qualify human talent and implement greater digitization actions.

Topic: Business and Economics

DIGITAL MATURITY IN ORGANIZATIONS: AN APPROACH TO MEASUREMENT

VILLAMIZAR HERN�NDEZ CLAIRE ALESSANDRA ¹, ARENAS PEREZ LUZ STELLA ²,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER,

Email: ¹ clairealessandravh@upfs.edu.co, ² luzstellaap@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Currently, the disruption of digital technologies and the digital future are leading to changes in the relationship between companies and individuals, in organizational processes, culture, innovation and therefore in the way of doing business, forcing the development of transformation and innovation strategies in a hyperconnected market. Derived from the research project "Opportunities of the industrial sector of C�cuta in the context of the Colombian digital ecosystem" this document aims to present the trajectory of contributions that identifies the evolution and main trends in scientific production of measuring the level of digital maturity in organizations, recognizing this is a relevant topic in the world for companies of all sizes and sectors, which is part of the ongoing academic efforts, on processes, roadmaps, mapping of dimensions, technological platforms to measure the degree of digital maturity in a company. The methodology employed includes the literature review using concepts of network and graph theory for the visualization and behavioral analysis of the main areas of research in the topic of study; the search algorithm was determined considering keywords such as digital maturity and digital maturity models, selecting related studies according to the criteria established for the collection, organization, processing and analysis of information; current trends in scientific production were identified through the ToS and Gephi tools (Robledo , Osorio, & Lopez, 2014). The results analysis contemplates the main trends and perspectives to build a roadmap that allows the alignment of a company's present and future resources in the face of the challenges and opportunities of the new digital environment. Four approaches were identified: Interaction of digital transformation strategies with the development of the industry's digital ecosystem value chains, Creation of new digital competencies to manage digital transformation, Positioning of digital maturity measurement models, Capabilities and best practices for digital maturity in SMEs. It is important to realize that digital transformation is a process in which the company incorporates technologies through methodologies with the objective of improving the operational efficiency of its business model, providing an increase in value through its products and services. Most of the results demonstrate limited progress in digital maturity; the most commonly used techniques to test the model include validation through questionnaires, some are the result of case studies, generally between 3 and 6 levels of maturity are contemplated, supported by more than 10 dimensions, with their particular aspects and characteristics. The structure of the dimensions and the proposed maturity levels are based on internal aspects, in terms of capabilities on the results of sectors differentiated by automation, application of digital technologies, business structure, among others. In this way, the maturity assessment is based on weighted average of indicators whose results allow to build the path to develop an adequate value layer for digital transformation.

Topic: Business and Economics

EVOLUTION, DECLINE AND REBIRTH OF TOURISM IN COLOMBIA

HERN�NDEZ QUINTERO ANDREA FERNANDA ¹, GUTIERREZ MOLINA MARIA DEL PILAR ², CHAC�N CHINCHILLA ALEX EDUARDO ³,
¹ FESC, ² FESC, ³ FESC,

Email: ¹ est_af_hernandez@fesc.edu.co, ² doc_mp_gutierrez@fesc.edu.co, ³ est_ae_chacon@fesc.edu.co,

Abstract: The article delves into how tourism has been affected in Colombia after COVID-19, how it has been its evolution, its decay and rebirth before this strain. As a result, the national government has implemented different strategies in order to gain momentum in this activity that has been so affected. As is well known Colombia was being a great enhancer of tourism, in 2019 it broke a record with the arrival of non-resident travelers to the country, this was a great boost for tourism in Colombia, therefore, the goal to overcome for 2020 was greater, something that was not achieved due to the arrival of COVID-19. It also highlights the changes that this industry may have as a result of this pandemic, since it is estimated that the different measures and strategies implemented by the government, where the new tourism law 2068 implemented on December 31, 2020 and the ZESE program promote sustainability, competitiveness, development and attraction of local and foreign currency to the country. It should be noted that, if the correct implementation of these measures is made, there could be great advantages, one of them is to be included in the list of one of the safest destinations to visit, which is a great opportunity for ProColombia since it will have the opportunity to participate in the events organized by the UNWTO , this will mostly contribute a lot in the reactivation and tourism competitiveness of the country.

Topic: Business and Economics

EVOLUTION OF LAST-MILE LOGISTICS DISTRIBUTION IN THE FACE OF THE CHALLENGES POSED BY THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Email: ¹ eybermudez59@misena.edu.co, ² juancamilo.b@misena.edu.co, ³ oesarmiento682@misena.edu.co,

Abstract: Urban distribution has been transformed in recent years, even more so with the arrival of the pandemic generated by the COVID-19 virus, drug distribution companies have had to adapt to this new environment for drug delivery. According to the above, applied research was proposed to the company "MEDICAL LOGISTICS SAS", with the aim of designing strategies applicable to urban distribution, which would allow the supply of drugs to all patients in urban or rural areas, from the municipalities of Bogot� DC and Soacha. The study characterized the company's logistics capacity, in addition, the appropriate indicators were determined to measure the benefits of the implementation of last-mile logistics in distribution, this through the optimization of delivery times, quality of the products and implementing the biosafety protocols in accordance with the provisions of the law. Carrying out the research in a company in the real sector made it possible to diagnose and apply the results in improving logistics processes, thereby optimizing the entity's productivity rates, it also allowed establishing the appropriate procedures to avoid generating sources of proliferation of the virus in the processes. All of the above determines last-mile logistics as a sustainable practice in the operation of the companies' distribution network. The main objective of the research was to identify the neuralgic points of the operation, for this, measurement instruments of the different processes were implemented, with this it was detected that delivery and routing times were the most critical points of the operation, in this enterprise. With the identification carried out, proposals for improvement were presented for the processes and key management indicators (KPIs) were proposed according to the operation. All of the above helped to generate a positive impact on the company under study, in addition to direct transfer of the results to its owners and collaborators. The review process had a deductive approach, looking at the particularities of the concept of Industry 4.0., In the world, the digital transformation in companies, the tools that have been developed to improve the way of production, from there the branch was selected of logistics 4.0, as an area of digital transformation, which has been changing its processes and integrating tools such as IoT, BigData, Artificial Intelligence, 3D Printing, Robotization, among others, which have improved the performance of companies in the world. And finally, the processes that are taking place in Colombia were identified, compared to the implementation process of the 4.0 logistics tools, determining that the country has a good indicator of technological development, but has infrastructure limitations and the implementation of the Logistics 4.0 is very insipient. This review occurs in the development of the research project called "Design of strategies for the implementation of tools in logistics 4.0 in MSMEs of Soacha and Bogot� that allow the reconverting of industries to increase their competitiveness in post-COVID-19." Identify the 4.0 logistics processes and tools that are being used in the companies of the municipalities of Soacha and Bogot�, based on this, it is intended to build a manual for the implementation of the tools, which are more appropriate, to be implemented at the micro, small and medium enterprises of these municipalities, and with it, help to improve their competitiveness.

Topic: Business and Economics

FINANCIAL EDUCATION IN CLIENTS IN PRIVATE BANKING IN THE CITY OF C�CUTA

SOTO RIVERO ENRIQUE ¹, LUNA PEREIRA HENRY ORLANDO ², RIA�O SOLANO MILLER ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander , ² UFPS, ³ UNIVESIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER,

Email: ¹ enso0903@hotmail.com, ² henryorlandolp@ufps.edu.co, ³ millerrs@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The general objective of the research was to evaluate the levels of Financial Education in private banking clients in the city of C�cuta. For this, it was supported by a quantitative research, under the documentary and field design with a correlational descriptive level, the source of information was clients of financial institutions. (Private banking) in the city of C�cuta. The field study was applied to the selected sample through a consultation using a questionnaire applied to 121 randomly chosen clients as an instrument. Among the most important results are: among those surveyed, 13.2% affirmed having knowledge �above average�, 24% high or very high and 43% less than average. Regarding financial behavior, 15.7% affirmed having knowledge �above average�, 21.5% high or very high and 43.8% lower than average. The Financial Education index was 11.5 according to the components analyzed. It is concluded that financial behavior in the analyzed sample is the most lagging component (4.9) and presents values that are close to the national average (4.6), while in the financial knowledge component it is above the national average, which is which could be explained by the characteristic of the sample analyzed. By virtue of the study results, the proposal was prepared under the following heading: actions that help implement financial education programs in private banks in the city of C�cuta. Keywords: financial education index, behavior, knowledge, financial institutions, private banking.

Topic: Business and Economics

FINANCIAL INCIDENCE OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT OF THE UNIDAD DE GESTI�N PENSIONAL Y PARAFISCALES IN COLOMBIA

CORDERO D�AZ MARLING CAROLINA ¹, CAMACHO DE ARMAS FREDDY RONALDI�O ², RUIZ FERNANDEZ YAQUELIN ³, CEBALLOS LEIVA NUBIOLA ⁴,
¹ UFPS, ² Francisco De Paula Santander, ³ UFPS, ⁴ UFPS,

Email: ¹ marlingcarolinacd@ufps.edu.co, ² ronalcamacho91@gmail.com, ³ yaquelinrf@ufps.edu.co, ⁴ nucely@gmail.com,

Abstract: The special unit for pension management and parafiscal contributions of the social protection (UGPP) since its creation has been carrying out an arduous task in the control of tax evasion related to labor rights, where it proposed the task of generating a social culture with the purpose of monitoring people, so that they, as a legal provision in their condition of contributors, guarantee the payment of parafiscal contributions of the social protection. Since its creation this entity with the passage of time and thanks to the strengthening of its fiscal policies, currently has more power; that is why the present work seeks to solve the following problematizing question what has been the financial impact of the administrative management of the Pension and parafiscal Management Unit during the period 2015-2018 in Colombia through the active application of control policies to mitigate fiscal gaps due to the evasion of these obligations, for which we seek to carry out a detailed documentary analysis to determine the effectiveness of its role in social protection and compliance with parafiscal obligations in Colombia. This work was developed under the quantitative approach, this approach classifies, orders and systematizes the information using tables, graphs, financial tools and statistical techniques. This is how this information could be analyzed in the consolidated report contained in the article, also to serve as a source of interpretation of the management developed by the UGPP during the period 2015-2018. The design worked was descriptive, in that the financial statements and bulletins of the 32 departments of the national territory were studied and interpreted, obtained from the databases of the National Administrative Department of Statistics and the UGPP Unit, which contain information on the collections that have been made during the periods 2015 - 2018 in Colombia. It can be concluded that the National Government has been waging a battle against evasion and avoidance; phenomena that in general, as shown by the statistics, is reflected in the independent persons or well called natural persons, who ignore their contributions to the social security system, thanks to the anonymity represented by the informal trade, a system that the government has been fighting with the promotion of regulations that bring people closer and invite them to legality, thus encouraging employers to hire these people. On the other hand, the administrative management of the UGPP is considered to be of support to the National Government, helping to maintain and ensure the correct payment of tax contributions, even when occupancy rates showed negative balances, the Unit continued to improve its collection rates, attesting to the work carried out throughout the national territory. However, the above shows the lack of dissemination of information, added to the culture of non-payment in the country, guilty in many cases of the Unit's sanctions. In general, it may be pointed out that since the creation of the Pension and Parafiscal Management Unit (UGPP), its management has been reflected, since in addition to exercising a strong control over defaulting, inaccurate and delinquent taxpayers, there has also been a notorious decrease in the percentage of evasion, which implies a projected increase in the collection of contributions directly proportional to the decrease in the imposition of penalties.

Topic: Business and Economics

IMPACT OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY

PAZ MONTES LUISA STELLA ¹, MAC�AS FOLIACO ROSANNA PATRICIA ², ALVAREZ PAZ DIEGO MAURICIO ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad El Bosque,

Email: ¹ luisastellapm@ufps.edu.co, ² rosannapatriciamf@ufps.edu.co, ³ dmalvarezp@unbosque.edu.co,

Abstract: Poultry plants are one of the companies that by their nature generate a large amount of organic waste, which means that if they are not managed properly; their effect on the environment is negative. The study seeks to evaluate the role of corporate social responsibility, as a financial strengthening strategy, based on the use of solid remains (chicken manure, feathers, viscera, among others). It was framed within the qualitative approach, developed under the action research method, since it allowed identifying, analyzing and seeking a solution to a specific problem. Among the results, it was found that the transformation of waste into an organic fertilizer is an alternative to give added value to said waste, which leads to mitigating the negative environmental effect that surpluses can generate due to their misuse or disposal, and implicitly the financial impact of outsourcing a business for this purpose. It is also important to consider the impact of the use of the remains of the products, when reusing them in the production of flours for animal feed, thus contributing to a decrease in contamination and starting up the sale of other products that give it value added to the company.

Topic: Business and Economics

IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTISANAL CHOCOLATE AND FINE CONFECTIONERY PROCESSES AS A COMPETITIVENESS STRATEGY FOR THE COCOA SECTOR OF SAN VICENTE DE CHUCURI

RINC�N ORTIZ MAR�A ALEJANDRA ¹,
¹ Instituto Universitario de la Paz UNIPAZ,

Email: ¹ maria.rincon@unipaz.edu.co,

Abstract: This project refers to the establishment of a fine artisan chocolate and confectionery with artisanal and national products in the municipality of San Vicente de Chucur�, Colombia. Chocolates Ciccolato was born as an independent project, as an opportunity to establish a solid base where it is possible to implement processes that lead to a final confectionery product, with fruit aggregates; determine the existence of supply and potential demand; design a marketing plan where advertising, promotion and marketing strategies are established, which also allow establishing competitive advantages. The creation of a fine artisan chocolate and confectionery company is a challenge, but before exposing the problems that allow us to visualize the realization of this project, let us begin by analyzing and contextualizing the essential factors for the viability of this project, figures and important data on the matter. A fundamental premium that will be used for its respective transformation into a product with added value, it is known that the Colombian cocoa flavor is one of the most valued varieties in the world, much of this is due to the geographical conditions and the climate of the territory. This agro-industrial product has taken on considerable importance over time not only in production but also in consumption. According to FEDECACAO, approximately 34,000 tons were produced in the first half of 2017 (the total for 2016 was approximately 56,000 tons) and it is believed that it may exceed 60,000 this year and its increase in production has gone hand in hand with the construction of a union similar to that of coffee growers, representing families and small cocoa producers (Dinero, 2017). These data indicate that the sector is in a positive moment in terms of production and the maturity of the sector has brought a greater organization and greater exposure and appreciation in the country. Additionally, given the national situation regarding post-peace agreement issues, cocoa can be a response to the spaces where coca was grown and replace it with cocoa crops, providing new job opportunities in the production of an internationally valued product, as in the Paris Chocolate Show (W Radio, 2017). It is important to highlight the constant work that has been developed in the municipality of San Vicente de Chucur�, Santander and the great recognition received in 2019 with the �Cocoa Of Excellence� award, the cocoa that is produced in our municipality, was recognized as one of the best in the world with clones 1 (FSV1), Fedecacao San Vicente 41 (FSV41), Fedecacao San Vicente 155 (FSV155) and Fedecacao Chigorod� 8 (FCHI8). Currently 7,500 tons of cocoa are produced annually, equivalent to 12.44% of the total national production (59,740 tons) and around 29% of departmental production (25,090 tons), and approximately 3,500 families cultivate this agricultural product in 15,000 hectares planted and distributed In 37 villages, in the same way they have been organized in recent years in different associations of cocoa farmers with the aim of improving the quality, processes and distribution of the flagship product of the Chucure�os. In this region of Santander called the cocoa capital of Colombia, cocoa is also being transformed into by-products that, such as fine chocolate, cup chocolate, chocolate-based sweets, wines, among others, have been positioning themselves as a benchmark in the world. Currently, the chocolate and confectionery sector is largely industrialized, however, despite the fact that the large industrial chocolate brands have a presence throughout the world, and Latin America is no exception. However, artisan chocolate has a high level of importance and a select group of consumers from the world population are lovers of these products, likewise, consuming authentic chocolate is essential for its production to support the exporting economies of several countries. The price of cocoa butter has fluctuated considerably in recent years. Social and political instability in producing countries has affected the commercialization of crops, prices at origin, however, have not risen. For producers at origin, price stability is more important for the prosperity of their business, in addition to having a good demand from select consumers for this taste of true chocolate.

Topic: Business and Economics

INCIDENCE OF SECONDARY ACTIVITIES ON THE GDP OF THE CITY OF C�CUTA, COMPARED TO THE ADDED VALUE OF THE SEVEN MAIN CITIES OF COLOMBIA IN THE PERIOD 2014-2019

PIC�N CONTRERAS JUAN ALVARO ¹, MALDONADO NI�O LISSETTE GABRIELA ²,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ juanalvaropc@ufps.edu.co, ² lissettegabrielamn@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The project aims to denote the incidence of secondary activities in the GDP of the city of C�cuta, compared to the added value of the seven main cities of Colombia in the period 2014-2019, in order to analyze the economic growth of the north-eastern capital in the study period and give recommendations that lead to an improvement in the economic situation. According to the figures, the north-western capital of Santander has been showing a growth in its product in monetary terms in the order of 50.28% when comparing the year 2019 ($ 9,014 billion) with the year 2014 ($ 5,998 billion) The growth presented, except for the years 2017 and 2019, places the city of C�cuta as the one with the lowest performance when compared to Bogot�, Cali, Medell�n, Barranquilla, Cartagena and Bucaramanga. This leads us to ask: What are the incidents of the secondary sector compared to the product of the city of C�cuta in the period 2014-2019? The objective of the research is to Analyze the Incidence of secondary activities on the GDP of the city of C�cuta, compared with the added value of the seven main cities of Colombia in the period 2014-2019. The study method is quantitative, with a bibliographic review and a descriptive approach, taking into account the figures from the national accounts published by DANE. Finally, it is concluded that, despite the economic growth of the city of C�cuta between the years 2014 to 2019, it presents symptoms of economic lag with respect to the other cities, caused by the minimal investment of the industrial sector in the city, therefore It is recommended that the appropriate channels be created, through synergies between the government and private sectors, to attract foreign and national investment and thereby mitigate the unemployment and informality that prevail, according to DANE figures.

Topic: Business and Economics

KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER AND INNOVATION IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC POLICY AND GENDER, A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.

RODRIGUEZ GIRALDO WILLIAM HERNAN R ¹,
¹ Universidad del Valle-Colombia,

Email: ¹ william.rodriguez@correounivalle.edu.co,

Abstract: This article presents a bibliometric analysis, in relation to the publications made on the transfer of knowledge, innovation and gender in the implementation of public policies. The main objective is to know the evolution of publications on this topic during the last 20 years, that is, between 2001 and 2020. Specifically, the most representative thesauri, authors, countries and institutions are analyzed. This analysis allowed finding that the proposed constructs have been investigated from many disciplines �medicine, technology, social sciences, administration, etc.-, but there is an academic gap in terms of the application of these concepts in public policies and their implementation. The ISI WoS database was used for the analysis. Quantitative methods of analysis of co-occurrence were also used, providing a framework of the research performance in these topics.

Topic: Business and Economics

LEASING, WORKING CAPITAL AND PROFITABILITY IN COMPANIES OF THE PRE-HOSPITAL TRANSPORT SECTOR IN C�CUTA, PERIOD 2010-2014.

RODR�GUEZ AYALA ZOMAYDA ¹, BARAJAS GUEVARA YOLANDA ², CALIXTO DEISY YOHANNA ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ zomaydara@ufps.edu.co, ² yolandabg@ufps.edu.co, ³ deisyyohannacv@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: This research consisted of determining the relationship between leasing, working capital and profitability of companies in the pre-hospital transport sector in C�cuta, in the period 2010-2014. It was carried out within the framework of a descriptive, documentary, field and correlational research resulting from the financial analysis of the financial statements of UMEDICAS S.A.S. and EMERMOVIL LTDA and the application of a guided interview to managers of the companies in the sector. It was found that the Colombian economic policy of recent years has supported the development of leasing in the country through the tax advantages of its use, as a way to irrigate resources to the companies that most face difficulties in accessing traditional bank financing. The transportation, industry and construction sectors are the economic sectors that most use financial leasing as a financing mechanism. Financial leasing represents 8.5%, 5.6% and 5.6% of the companies' assets, respectively. In reference to ROA and ROE, the companies are being efficient in the use of assets and are generating surplus for the owners. As for KTNO, the trend was upward, a situation that is not entirely good, because the more working capital is required, the greater the pressures on cash flow and the need to maintain liquidity. It is recommended to pre-hospital transport companies in C�cuta to plan the financial area to show solid results and have more possibilities of financial loans (leasing), taking into account that the conditions applied by financial institutions in relation to terms and interest rates are in accordance with the study and the conditions of the client and the market to continue growing and be more competitive in the market. Key words: Prehospital Sector, Financial Leasing, Operational Profitability, Working Capital.

Topic: Business and Economics

LINKAGE OF THE FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER UNIVERSITY TO THE PRODUCTIVE SECTOR OF THE CITY OF C�CUTA, TO PROPOSE FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

DELGADO EMILCE ¹, LOPEZ CONTRERAS AUGUSTO ²,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER,

Email: ¹ emilcedd@ufps.edu.co, ² augustolopez@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The objective of the research is to evaluate the link between the Francisco de Paula Santander University and the productive sector of the city of C�cuta, in order to promote socioeconomic development. For it, it takes into account the evaluation, University and Productive Sector Linkage, Francisco de Paula Santander University, The Productive Sector and Socioeconomic Development

Topic: Business and Economics

LOGISTICS AS A TOOL FOR ACHIEVING THE OBJECTIVES OF COMPANIES IN THE MASS CONSUMPTION SECTOR.

BALLESTEROS GALVIS FRANCISCO JAVIER ¹, CABALLERO IBARRA SHIRLEY DAYANNA ²,
¹ FESC, ² FESC,

Email: ¹ est_fj_ballesteros@fesc.edu.co, ² est_sd_caballero@fesc.edu.co,

Abstract: The reality that the world is living at the moment is increasingly demanding, facing a pandemic as humanity is a challenge that implies great challenges; Among them, changing customs and adapting to practices that imply less contact between people, practices that, although they were already being implemented, were not the predominant ones, but this new reality implies that the world and activities should try to function without major setbacks. Products must continue to meet the needs of all people regardless of the obstacles they must overcome, and many activities must continue to function without setbacks; it is more until one could say that even in the uncertainty that generates an unknown situation like the one that is lived; logistics must enter to meet the challenges posed by current adversities with professionalism and manage to deliver to the whole of humanity responses to their vital and non-vital needs. Logistics is a fundamental part of every business, work, event, activity in short, it is an important part in everything but at this time in history it was shown that logistics is the key that allows the perfect functioning of the supply chain to reach to consumers through mass consumer companies

Topic: Business and Economics

MANAGEMENT AND FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING TRAINING PLAN FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED PRODUCERS IN OCA�A AND THE CATATUMBO AREA.

SANCHEZ JAIME YENY ALEJANDRA ¹, VEL�SQUEZ CARRASCAL BLANCA LILIANA ², SAYAGO VELASQUEZ LILIAN NATALIA ³,
¹ FESC, ² FESC, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paual Santander Oca�a,

Email: ¹ Est_ya.sanchez@fesc.edu.co, ² bl_velasquez@fesc.edu.co, ³ velasqueznati29@gmail.com,

Abstract: The objective of this research was to determine the most important aspects for the design of a training plan in administrative, financial and accounting aspects for the producers of Oca�a and the Catatumbo area. To this end, an analysis of bibliography was made and a survey was applied to 48 producers of the region, allowing the identification of topics of interest and that the producers recognize from the exercise of their activities require support to strengthen their productive units. The research was based on a descriptive type of research, characterizing the productions of the region recognized that in the province of Oca�a and the Catatumbo area the strongest production is agricultural and the interest expressed by the producers in training aspects of administrative management such as marketing, value proposition, associativity, credit lines, export and distribution logistics for their products.

Topic: Business and Economics

MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS OF ESAL FOR THE PERMANENCE IN THE SPECIAL TAX REGIME, LAW 1819 OF 2016

GARC�A YANES THAILY VANESSA ¹, AYALA MELO KEVIN ANDREY ², JAIMES CASALLAS MARIA DEL PILAR ³, NI�O GALLARDO CAROLINA ⁴, LOPEZ RUIZ JORGE LUIS ⁵,
¹ FESC, ² FESC, ³ FESC, ⁴ FESC, ⁵ FESC,

Email: ¹ est_tv_garcia@fesc.edu.co, ² est_ka_ayala@fesc.edu.co, ³ JAIMES CASALLAS, ⁴ est_c.nino@fesc.edu.co, ⁵ est_jl_lopez@fesc.edu.co,

Abstract: The qualification process of the ESAL before the DIAN, was formed from the interest of the Colombian government to regulate the tax benefit that had entities with meritorious activities and that for that reason were considered non-profit. Unfortunately, it was evidenced the excessive increase of companies that far from performing meritorious activities, took advantage of that status for asset laundering or tax evasion. Law 1819 of 2016, created for such regulation has generated numerous inconveniences within the group of entities (Associations, Foundations and corporations), which watch over the development of better opportunities for Colombians. Some factors such as the lack of knowledge of technological tools, the lack of the necessary documents, and the ignorance of the process, have generated that hundreds of organizations have deserted their status. The present research project allowed to guide in a simple way Non-Profit Organizations, which allocate their resources to the development of their social purpose and wish to perform the qualification process.

Topic: Business and Economics

METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN FOR THE CREATION OF AN ENTREPRENEURSHIP CLUB AS A STRATEGY FOR ECONOMIC REACTIVATION IN THE CITY OF C�CUTA.

JIM�NEZ L�PEZ JES�S MANUEL ¹, GOMEZ GRAZZIAN DIANA PAOLA ², MONTES SALDARRIAGA EDWIN ³, MENDOZA MENDOZA NELLY ESPERANZA ⁴, REMOLINA ORTIZ MAYRA ALEJANDRA ⁵, BEDOYA VILLAMIZAR LISBETH YULIANA ⁶,
¹ FESC, ² FESC, ³ FESC, ⁴ FESC, ⁵ FESC, ⁶ FESC,

Email: ¹ jimenez-209@gmail.com, ² piola_30_@hotmail.com, ³ doc_emontes@fesc.edu.co, ⁴ santi-1704@hotmail.com, ⁵ maremolina6@misena.edu.co, ⁶ bedoya20@gmail.com,

Abstract: The economic situation for the inhabitants of the city of C�cuta is quite complex, since according to the DANE, the capital of C�cuta became in May the Colombian city with the highest number of unemployed, with a rate of 22.3% and 72.5% of informality. Many of our cucute�os, see entrepreneurship as an option in which they can earn income and generate employment, but they face a major problem, represented in the lack of knowledge to shape their idea, structure a business plan that enables their permanence in the market, a formalization process that allows access to sources of funding, as well as the lack of skills in digital, financial, human talent management and teamwork issues. Today, when the world is facing one of the biggest problems of humanity, not only in health, but also in the economic context, one of the alternatives to face these problems is entrepreneurship. For Duarte (2009), training in entrepreneurship is significant for local development, which is considered as the benefit that society receives when facing in a more efficient way the satisfaction of needs and the solution of problems with prompt answers to the demands of the community, which recognizes the entrepreneur as an authentic figure in the permanent progress of a locality at a municipal and/or regional level. What we will find in our project is a methodological tool for the creation of an entrepreneurship club, aligned with our training project (SENA) to an entrepreneurship route (FESC) and administrative policies of national and local character (PND 2018-2022 - Law 3069 of 2020 of entrepreneurship) as a strategy of economic revival of our City.

Topic: Business and Economics

ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE IN CAR DEALERSHIPS: BELO HORIZONTE - BRAZIL

ESLAVA ROLANDO ¹, GONZALEZ HILARIO ², CHAC�N EDIXON ³,
¹ Universidad Libre Colombia Seccional C�cuta, ² Universidad de Los Andes , ³ Universidad de Los Andes,

Email: ¹ rolandoa.eslavaz@unilibre.edu.co, ² hilariogonzalezjunior@gmail.com, ³ Edixonch@yahoo.com,

Abstract: This article aims to study the organizational climate of the automobile agencies located in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. To this end, supported by a quantitative type of research and following a documentary and descriptive work. The instrument is made up of 46 items on the Likert scale in which work-related variables such as post, address, environment, communication, conditions, training, improvement and motivation are examined. From a sample of 51 respondents, the findings make it possible to conclude that the organizational climate is a fundamental tool to know the perceptions of the collaborators in the companies and in the case that concerns us, it is evident that we have to improve The conditions of the environment in the organization in order to achieve the business objectives.

Topic: Business and Economics

ORIENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE TRENDS IN THE FACE OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE COLLABORATIVE ECONOMY AND THE 4.0 REVOLUTION

MOGROVEJO ANDRADE JOHANNA MILENA ¹, GARC�A TORRES NELSON EMILIO ², PANIZO CARDONA CESAR AUGUSTO ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander - UFPS, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander - UFPS, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander - UFPS,

Email: ¹ johannamogrovejo@ufps.edu.co, ² nelsonemiliogt@ufps.edu.co, ³ cesaraugustopc@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The business world is evolving as production processes and the provision of services have become automated in many of the activities that were previously managed by humans. In many developed countries, unemployment levels have increased as corporations are using robots and implementing new technologies in the development of activities related to hard skills and in recent years even in soft skills. This is generating an alert in the business world, since companies must optimize processes and reduce operating expenses; but the labor force of the people who work in them, we are quite concerned about the uncertainty generated by the increase in unemployment. Global populations have benefited from the advent of the digital world and the use of devices that improve the quality of life of these communities. However, the transformation process will only benefit those who are able to innovate and adapt to rapidly growing digital cultures and dramatically changing consumption patterns. The fourth revolution has the potential to raise global income levels and improve the quality of life of entire populations, (comments by Schwab, creator of the Revolution 4.0 concept and founder of the World Economic Forum). Although entrepreneurs seem excited - rather than intimidated - by the magnitude of the challenge: A survey reveals that 70% have positive expectations about the fourth industrial revolution (Reflections from the latest Global Innovation Barometer, a measurement published annually by General Electric that gathers opinions from more than 4,000 leaders and people interested in transformations in 23 countries). "The reality of our moment frames our lifestyle in a constant transformation, international trade is one of the manifestations of globalization, which generates a change in the business constant; currently it is evident that market forces alone are not enough to bring all the benefits of globalization to our companies and that we have to generate strategic actions and new instruments to channel them, ensuring that benefits materialize in our societies and that the transformations that this brings with it are properly addressed." (Ochoa, 2019). Being possible, all this, thanks to the joint implementation of the collaborative economy, industry 4.0 and analyzing the impacts on organizations and the local, regional, national and global economy; we compare the competitiveness of companies that implement the trends with those that have not yet accessed these important ones and we evidence a significant gap both in costs of automating processes, and in the advances, benefits and affectations among members of the business economy. That is why the Universities from the academy, we must begin to guide new forms of training and qualification of jobs, professions and other areas of study at various levels; in order that new professionals in Commerce and International Business know what skills should focus on to avoid that new jobs are only accessed by people who know about the evolution of the collaborative economy and the revolution 4. 0, or also called the fourth industrial revolution; that authors and researchers in this area such as Andr�s Oppenheimer; recommend that we must be prepared so that the changes of the future-present do not take us by surprise.

Topic: Business and Economics

PERCEPTION OF C�CUTA CITY EMPLOYEES TOWARDS THE GRADUATES OF THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTING PROGRAM OF THE FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER UNIVERSITY

CELIS QUINTERO SERGIO ANDRES ¹, CASADIEGO DUQUE YAIR ROLANDO ², CONTRERAS CACERES MAR�A ESMERALDA ³,
¹ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER , ³ UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER,

Email: ¹ sergioandrescq@ufps.edu.co, ² yaircasadiego@ufps.edu.co, ³ mariaesmeraldacc@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Public Accountants are considered as a professional who is dedicated to taking advantage, examining and deciphering the accounting data, as well as the economic data of the business structures, with the purpose of outlining and carrying out tools, instruments and support devices to the regents of the organizations in the procedure in the acquisition of provisions. According to Colombian legislation, public accountants are natural individuals, who have their own capacities, competencies and abilities to develop their own functions; Hence, it handles mathematical, financial, accounting, legal notions, among others, for the evaluation of the advancement of accounting techniques, since among its obligations are tax and managerial advice. (Arias, 2018) In this sense, among the skills that accountants possess are listed creativity or the ability to face and adapt to the continuous transformations of the environment, as well as to design possible solutions to difficulties, in addition to meeting objectives that favor companies, capacity To lead teamwork, likewise, talent to study and reflect on data in a timely manner, at the same time, facilitate suitable strategies, numerical ability, among others, for this reason it is considered an essential professional in organizations. (Marcelino & Diany, 2021) In addition, the University has consecutively inspected the different mechanisms and methodologies for the procedure for teaching and learning, at the same time, the adjustment of programmatic contents of the different disciplines, in order to provide environments that generate significant knowledge, promoting professional training (Academy), the reproduction of knowledge (Exploration) and the interaction with its environment (Social Interaction). In this sense, the current research aims to examine the appreciation that the attorneys of the city of C�cuta have towards the professionals who practice public accounting who studied at the Francisco De Paula De Santander University to establish the quality of their graduates through analysis of their competencies and abilities within the labor field, thus, it is important to note that this university institution has successfully taught several study programs in the region since its foundation, which has perennially sought to maintain high standards of effectiveness, guaranteeing the incorporation of its students to different fields, in this way, their activities are recognized at all levels. Accordingly, the exploration is made up of five chapters: Chapter 1 description of the problem, the statement of the problem, the objectives, justification, the scope and limitations, however, Chapter 2 exhibits the referential framework, the antecedents, the theoretical framework , the legal framework, the conceptual framework, as well as the Variables Operationalization Matrix. At the same time, Chapter 3 reveals the methodological framework, type of research, design, population and sample, design of the data collection instrument, in this way, its analysis. At the same time, Chapter 4 indicates the synthetic content or development, on the other hand, Chapter 5 presents both material and human Administrative Resources.

Topic: Business and Economics

REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AND INNOVATION COMMISSIONS IN PUBLIC TRADE POLICIES: THE CASE OF NORTHEASTERN COLOMBIA.

BASTOS OSORIO LILIANA MARCELA ¹, MORENO CUERLLAR JUAN MIGUEL ², ORTEGA RAMOS LUIS MIGUEL ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² UFPS, ³ UFPS,

Email: ¹ lilianamarcelabo@ufps.edu.co, ² juanmiguelmc@ufps.edu.co, ³ luismiguelor@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: After 2006, the Colombian national government saw the need to establish new trade strategies with countries other than Venezuela, given the political conflicts between the two neighboring nations. Thus, it began to develop an institutional framework for foreign trade, competitiveness and productivity, for which the Regional Competitiveness Commissions were created in the main cities of the departments, in order to give a direction to this business issue and to support the competitiveness of the regions. The present study is part of a directed work on the analysis of the Regional Commissions of Competitiveness and Innovation in commercial public policies: the case of northeastern Colombia. It is based on the following specific objectives: Characterize the evolution of the Regional Commissions of Competitiveness and Innovation in northeastern Colombia; Describe the success cases of the Regional Commissions of Competitiveness and Innovation in the departments of Colombia; Review the commercial public policies in Colombia from 2006 to 2021 related to the case of northeastern Colombia; and Establish the strategies or actions by the Regional Commissions of Competitiveness and Innovation in the commercial public policies affecting northeastern Colombia. The research methodology is through the quantitative method, descriptive and field work. The population and sample of this research will be the institutional structures of the Regional Commissions of Competitiveness and Innovation of Colombia (Arauca, Boyac�, Norte de Santander and Santander). In the first decade of the 21st century, not only public but also private actors and civil society began to play an important role in the development of public policies. This is the case of the relevant role played by the Regional Competitiveness and Innovation Commissions as part of the National Competitiveness System, which is important to review the successful experiences of some of them that have supported the growth of the economies of the Colombian departments.

Topic: Business and Economics

RESTAURANT COST MANAGEMENT: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN C�CUTA - COLOMBIA

ESLAVA ROLANDO ¹, PARRA BEATRIZ ², CHAC�N EDIXON ³,
¹ Universidad Libre Colombia Seccional C�cuta, ² UNIVERSIDAD LIBRE COLOMBIA SECCIONAL C�CUTA, ³ Universidad de Los Andes,

Email: ¹ rolandoa.eslavaz@unilibre.edu.co, ² beatriz.parra@unilibre.edu.co, ³ Edixonch@yahoo.com,

Abstract: The objective of this article is to analyze the cost management of the most capitalized restaurants in C�cuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia. In order to achieve this objective, the management carried out by the managers on the production costs of the dishes is identified. Following a quantitative research and supported by an exploratory and descriptive phase, a questionnaire consisting of 60 items is applied to a sample of twenty-one restaurants belonging to the Colombian Association of the Gastronomic Industry (ACODR�S) - C�cuta. The results allow concluding that some companies are not managing costs on some variables related to materials, labor and indirect manufacturing costs; this fact obstructs the achievement of adequate efficiency levels.

Topic: Business and Economics

SOCIAL MANAGEMENT AS A TOOL TO OPTIMIZE THE SERVICE PUBLIC OF DRINKING WATER IN THE EMZULIA E.S.P.

SAYAGO ORTEGA JUAN CARLOS ¹,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander C�cuta,

Email: ¹ Juancarlosso@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Factors such as the growth of the population that is expanding in the upper zone and the lack of investment in the components of the drinking water system show a critical scenario in the short and medium term in the continuity of the public drinking water service that according to the Article 366 establishes the improvement of the population's living conditions by solving the unmet needs in environmental sanitation and drinking water. This research identified and analyzed the factors that affect the optimal provision of the public drinking water service in EMZULIA E.S.P. in the urban area of the El Zulia municipality and proposes a social management system in the EMZULIA E.S.P. that contributes to optimizing the provision of drinking water service. The proposed methodological approach is mixed, combining and complementing the quantitative and qualitative approaches, the level of depth is explanatory and surveys for clients or users and interviews for EMZULIA ESP workers were applied as instruments, the method is descriptive, the techniques that were used as a case, with a fieldwork and documentary; concluding with a proposal for social management as a strategy for the optimal provision of the public drinking water service in the EMZULIA E.S.P .; which constitutes a development trend for the entity. In the Republic of Colombia, the state directly managed the monopoly of supply, control and regulation of domestic public services, until the 1991 political constitution opened the space for the private sector to participate in this market, through laws 142 and 143 of 1994. The participation of the private sector was not allowed, considering that they did not have the capacity to offer these services. However, the experience after more than twenty years has shown great significant advances in the provision of the service in terms of investment, quality and coverage, demonstrating that the private companies did have the capacity to provide these services. Home public services, including drinking water, present a double condition as they are considered by users and the constitution as essential for life, social service and, therefore, should be offered at low cost, on the other hand, being Considered a business with the participation of the private sector, it must offer profitability, generating a clash between the different vision of the two parties. Faced with this situation, it is not good to give the monopoly back to the state that stagnates and degrades the quality of the service and even permeates it into politics.In this dual scenario, an alternative that allows working on solutions to this situation is social management, since it brings together in his name is the same two elements that home public services have: he thinks from the private logic the social interests and from the social logic the interests of the private sector. In this research work, the current provision of the public drinking water service in the urban area of the municipality of El Zulia was diagnosed and it was determined that it is not provided in optimal conditions, with the information obtained from the result of the quantitative and qualitative study and information secondary, the factors that affect the optimal provision of the public drinking water service were determined and it is proposed to social management as a strategy for the optimal provision of the drinking water service in the EMZULIA ESP, through the application of strategies that lead to presenting an improvement plan that involves technical, social, environmental and financial aspects.

Topic: Business and Economics

SPECIAL EFFECTS FOR AUDIOVISUAL PRODUCTION APPLIED TO MULTIMEDIA PRODUCTS

LE�N BUEND�A JHON CARLOS ¹, Y��EZ RUEDA ISA�AS ², ARREDONDO GEREDA DANIELA ALEXANDRA ³, CACERES GONZALEZ FANNY ARELYS ⁴, CARRILLO AYALA YADY YORGELYS ⁵, CASADIEGOS VACA LEIDY MARGELY ⁶, GAMBOA CHAC�N LEIDY TATIANA ⁷, GUEVARA MOJICA JOSU� DAVID ⁸, HERNANDEZ ORTEGA BRIGITTE MABELIS ⁹, HERNANDEZ RINCON JONNATHAN ALEXIS ¹⁰, LEAL HERRERA FREDDY STIVEN ¹¹, MEDINA BASTOS KAREN DAYANA ¹², PEREZ CAMPOS HEILY GABRIELA ¹³, VELOZA SUAREZ ANDREA YORLET ¹⁴,
¹ FESC, ² FESC, ³ FESC, ⁴ FESC, ⁵ FESC, ⁶ FESC, ⁷ FESC, ⁸ FESC, ⁹ FESC, ¹⁰ FESC, ¹¹ FESC, ¹² FESC, ¹³ FESC, ¹⁴ FESC,

Email: ¹ Jherico317@yahoo.com, ² doc_iyanez@fesc.edu.co, ³ arredondodanielaalexandra@gmail.com, ⁴ fannyacaceresgo@gmail.com, ⁵ yadicarrillo123@gmail.com, ⁶ leidymultimedia@gmail.com, ⁷ leidytatianagamboa2@gmail.com, ⁸ guevaramojica11@gmail.com, ⁹ hernandezortegabrigitemabelis@gmail.com, ¹⁰ joalheri2014@gmail.com, ¹¹ stiven.11leal1@gmail.com, ¹² karenmedina447@gmail.com, ¹³ gabipe469@gmail.com, ¹⁴ velozaandrea75@gmail.com,

Abstract: For some years there has been a problem with the development of audiovisuals worldwide, when analyzing its realization, the dimension of special effects and its impact on multimedia products must be specified, therefore it is important to maintain the development process within the different platforms such as AFTER EFFECTS with a constant interaction and research that allows a clear and informative visual result within the different products. We will use as a means of research, the interaction of the different tools offered by the AFTER EFFECTS platform, for the realization of products in the company of other design and editing programs, in order to achieve optimal content of high quality.

Topic: Business and Economics

STRATEGIC PLANNING APPLIED TO COMPANIES IN THE FURNITURE INDUSTRY.

HIGUERA ESPINEL ERIKA EMISLESH ¹,
¹ universidad francisco de paula santander ,

Email: ¹ erikaemisleshhe@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: This article originates from a study and is evidenced as a result of a literature review on strategic planning Strategic planning is for the field of management research, one of the most important lines of research and one of the central axes of organizational management that is applied in companies in the wood and furniture industrial sector. This investigation arises from the analysis with the objective of contributing a compilation of studies referred to the subject, it will be using as method the review of secondary literary sources, both national and international located in countries like: Ecuador, Peru, Spain and others. Methodologically, this study focused on the qualitative method, under a descriptive and documentary design, since the results show that the spectrum of application of strategic planning as a management tool is wide within the analyzed sector, being able to be used in different business moments to direct and support management decision making. Finally, the literature review showed that there are several models of strategic planning, being the applied strategic planning the most used in the wood and furniture sector, both in Colombia and in other countries, it is very varied, providing various solutions of importance, in different business moments studied. Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)

Topic: Business and Economics

STRUCTURE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP UNITS AND TICS IN BASIC PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION

SOLANO BECERRA EDUARDO ¹, ROJAS PUENTES MARIA DEL PILAR ², CHACON GLORIA NURY ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, ³ UFPS,

Email: ¹ eduardosolano@ufps.edu.co, ² pilarrojas@ufps.edu.co, ³ gloriachacon@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Introduction: In Colombia through the (Law 1014 of 2006) establishes the guidelines and principles that promote entrepreneurship in all Educational Institutions (EI) in the country. In 2009, the (Law 1014 of 2006) was regulated through Decree 1192, which directed the creation and articulation of regional networks for entrepreneurship nationwide. Educational institutions from preschool to technical high school must apply the general guidelines of the culture of entrepreneurship set out in the (Guide 39 of 2011). Therefore, in order to promote entrepreneurship in the regions, the IEs must generate models or operational structures that through a work path and taking advantage of the technological infrastructure available in the institution, facilitate the process of developing business initiatives in students to formulate business plans, which will contribute to the economic and social growth of the community, this is recognized as "Entrepreneurship Units in the IEs". The above, allowed the development of the training product entitled (Rol�n and Benavides, 2021) "Creation of a model of the entrepreneurship unit of the Educational Institutions Nuestra Se�ora de las Mercedes, Alirio Vergel Pacheco and Argelino Dur�n Quintero of the municipality of Sardinata Norte de Santander". , led by the Research Groups, Development in Software Engineering - GIDIS and Accounting Research Group CINERA - GICC of the Francisco de Paula Santander University, from the research project "Model of comprehensive care for the promotion of the culture of entrepreneurship, environmental education, human rights training, training for sexuality and the construction of citizenship through the use and appropriation of ICT in the IE of the NS - Phase I Sardinata" (Rojas P, MP et al. 2018). Objective: To build the functional structure of the Entrepreneurship Unit in the IEs by taking advantage of the installed technological infrastructure. Methodology: The structure of the Entrepreneurship Unit was worked with a quantitative approach and a descriptive type of research, where according to M�ndez points out that "in the descriptive study, characteristics of the research universe are identified, forms of behavior and attitudes of the total research population are pointed out" and documentary review; the information collection instruments used were structured surveys and consultation of secondary sources; where, the functional requirements for the Entrepreneurship Unit of the IEs under study were determined. The sample size corresponds to 330 students and 70 teachers from the three educational institutions. Results: For the development of the structure of the Entrepreneurship Units of the IEs, the strategic direction process was established as the first stage of the work route; the second stage comprised in the preliminary diagnosis of the student's entrepreneurial profile based on a test; the third stage consists of entrepreneurship training, supported by pedagogical tools and used in those students where their entrepreneurial profile obtained a result below 75 points in the components of Leadership, Teamwork, Resilience, Innovation and Creativity; the fourth stage allows students who are still in the entrepreneurial process to establish the business idea, through the use of tools and techniques such as the canvas and a guide that orients in the development of the business idea; the fifth stage corresponds to the formulation of the business plan with the accompaniment of the tutor teacher and the last stage allows showing a range of financial institutions that support the financing of business plans that have been approved to seek resources. Finally, in those educational institutions that have installed technological infrastructure, a technological support tool is made available that contemplates each of the stages mentioned in the work route for the creation of Entrepreneurship Units (Rojas P, MP et al. 2018).

Topic: Business and Economics

SUSTAINABLE FASHION- ORGANIC T-SHIRTS- INNOVATING IS LIVING

IB��EZ ROZO YURLEY LILIANA ¹, PALLARES ORTIZ YASBEY DAYANY ², ALVEAR PIC�N MAR�A CLAUDIA ³, SEPULVEDA BOTERO YURY ANDREA ⁴, SOLANO AYALA MAR�A LUC�A ⁵, ANDRADE SANTOS ADRIANA CAROLINA ⁶, CA�IZARES BELTR�N HANIT ALEXANDRA ⁷, FUENTES LIEVANO ANA KARINA ⁸,
¹ FESC, ² FESC, ³ FESC, ⁴ FESC, ⁵ FESC , ⁶ FESC, ⁷ FESC, ⁸ FESC,

Email: ¹ est_yl_ibanez@fesc.edu.co, ² est_yd_pallares@fesc.edu.co, ³ est_mc_alvear@fesc.edu.co, ⁴ est_ya_sepulveda@fesc.edu.co, ⁵ est_ml_solano@fesc-edu.co, ⁶ ac_andrade@fesc.edu.co, ⁷ est_ha_canizares@fesc.edu.co, ⁸ ak_fuentes@fesc.edu.co,

Abstract: To carry out this research topic, we socialized several alternatives that led us to the same goal "SUSTAINABLE FASHION". Our thinking is focused on the care of the planet and the commitment not to compromise the resources of future generations. We want to take advantage of resources that have already been used to give them a second chance and turn them into garments (T-shirts) that meet the needs of our target customers. We will use natural resources that will help the change or transformation of these elements, proposing an added value such as the handmade part. (handmade elaboration). We will venture into SLOW FASHION fashion, quality garments and exclusive designs. A socialization was carried out, where it was rescued the little importance in the world of fashion design that focuses on women of very thin constitution or women of very bulky constitution or who have an overweight. Since it is very difficult to find items that meet the needs of this female field. ORGANIC T-SHIRTS, is a future brand whose vision is to dress this type of female bodies, highlighting the design and self-esteem with motivational phrases, highlighting how wonderful women of these body types are. Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)

Topic: Business and Economics

TOURIST ROUTE TO THE PARADISE OF NORTE DE SANTANDER AS AN INTERNATIONAL PROJECTION TOOL

ASCANIO C�MARGO NOHEMI ¹, VARGAS RIVERA LILIANA ², GAY�N MANRIQUE YASM�N PAOLA ³, FL�REZ VEGA NELLY AMPARO ⁴, CARRILLO G�MEZ GISSELD ANGELINNE ⁵, CARRILLO PALACIOS YIRETH ROXANA ⁶, BLANCO BOTELLO LUZ �NGELA ⁷, CARRASCAL JAIMES GUSTAVO ADOLFO ⁸, PARRA �LVAREZ JENNY SOF�A ⁹, VIVAS MICHELL ¹⁰,
¹ FESC, ² FESC, ³ FESC, ⁴ FESC, ⁵ FESC, ⁶ FESC, ⁷ FESC, ⁸ FESC, ⁹ FESC, ¹⁰ FESC,

Email: ¹ nohemi.ascanio.ace@gmail.com, ² l_vargas@fesc.edu.co, ³ tatamanrrique@gmail.com, ⁴ vegaflorez43@gmail.com, ⁵ carrillogisseld@gmail.com, ⁶ yireth18.rp@gmail.com, ⁷ blancoange049@gmail.com, ⁸ gustacarrascal@hotmail.com, ⁹ parra20@gmail.com, ¹⁰ vivasm@gmail.com,

Abstract: To make known through the tourist route to the paradise of Norte de Santander, the diversity in fauna, flora, climate, culture, gastronomy, sports and adventure tourism of each municipality of our region that frames its richness. We will also propose solutions to the problems that prevent our region from being recognized by foreign national tourists and thus contribute to their economic reactivation. For this we count with native people of these selected municipalities and thus to know the history of each one and to identify the reality of these places.

Topic: Business and Economics

VALUE DRIVERS AND FINANCIAL MEASURES OF SMES: A CORRELATIONAL MODEL FOR VALUE GENERATION.

JACOME CASTILLA NAYDU JUDITH ¹, JACOME CASTILLA ERWIN HERNANDO ², JACOME CASTILLA EDUARDO LUIS ³,
¹ UFPSO, ² UFPS, ³ UFPS,

Email: ¹ njjacomec@ufpso.edu.co, ² erwinhernandojc@ufps.edu.co, ³ eduardoluisjc@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Value drivers are financial measures that express the performance of organizations for the generation of value over time, ensuring that companies develop activities in each of the functional areas, maximizing the resources of the partners above the cost of capital. In this way, the companies evaluate the components of the business operation, in order to establish how they affect the results of the company so that value is generated over time. In this order of ideas, being the small and medium-sized companies the dynamizers of economic development in Colombia, this article shows the results of a project that sought to correlate the value drivers and the financial management of the SMEs of Oca�a, Norte de Santander. From the perspective of value, it was analyzed in terms of inducers, EBITDA margin, working capital productivity, economic value added and free cash flow, establishing the behavior in terms of value generation of SMEs, of the main sectors of the business fabric of Oca�a, Norte de Santander. On the other hand, to determine the incidence of financial management and value drivers, the financial decisions of liquidity, indebtedness and profitability were correlated with the value drivers. The methodology applied was descriptive and correlational, using secondary sources of information from the financial statements provided by the companies, which allowed the determination and analysis of the main indicators of financial management and financial value. The study allowed the creation of a correlational model based on the application of the SPS23 statistical program, which made it possible to identify the main financial measures that are generating value destruction over time.

Topic: Business and Economics

DESIGN OF A DIGITAL STETHOSCOPE FOR THE ANALYSIS OF SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA

PABON KEVIN ¹, GARCIA MARCO ²,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander ,

Email: ¹ kevinsleiderpl@ufps.edu.co, ² magarcia@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: 1.TITLE: Design of a Digital Stethoscope for the analysis of supraventricular tachycardia. INTRODUCTION: Through the years science has been evolving exponentially, so much so that we can combine different processes for a single purpose, in this case electronics and health devices. In 1816 the physician Ren� La�nnec invented the stethoscope to better listen to auscultations of heart and lung sounds. A normal heart rate is estimated in a range of 60-100 bpm, if it exceeds a range between 190-200 bpm it is considered supraventricular tachycardia (Mayo Clinic,2019) This design of a digital stethoscope seeks a better quality in hearing cardiac auscultations and a better analysis at the time of its procedure. 2.PROBLEM STATEMENT AND JUSTIFICATION: Problem Statement. One of the biggest problems and the one we pay the least attention to is the radiation emitted by X-ray examinations, MRI, etc.. Specifically a Coronary Angiography Computed Tomography (CACT) for its acronym. Its radiation is equal to 12 mSv and this amount of radiation is the equivalent to the natural radiation received in 4 years. (Radiology Info,2019) So: How can we design a digital stethoscope to improve the quality of cardiac and pulmonary auscultations thereby reducing the radiation levels to which the patient is exposed? Rationale The digital stethoscope as an electronic device already exists, but if we could improve it, we would have a better sound of cardiac and pulmonary auscultations having a better analysis than with its conventional method. According to the problem, radiation is one of the things proposed to be eliminated from conventional examinations. With the design of a digital stethoscope, the levels of radiation that a person would receive each time he/she undergoes an examination (CABG) would be reduced. 4. OBJECTIVES: 4.1 General Objective. To design a digital stethoscope to improve the quality of cardiac and pulmonary auscultations, in addition, to allow a safe contact by reducing radiation levels. 4.2 Specific Objectives: -Select the tools that will integrate the design of the digital stethoscope taking into account its sensitivity. -To carry out simulations to determine the correct functioning of the digital stethoscope. -To disseminate the results obtained in this research to the local and national scientific community. 5. THEORETICAL REFERENCE: 5.1 Theoretical Framework STETHOSCOPE: Also called phonendoscope, it is an acoustic device used in medicine, nursing, kinesiology, phonoaudiology and veterinary medicine, for auscultation or to hear the internal sounds of the human or animal body. (Wade, Nicholas; Deutsch, Diana,2008). AUSCULTATIONS: Auscultation is listening to body sounds during a physical examination. Auscultation is performed using an instrument called a stethoscope to assess these characteristics of sounds: frequency, intensity, duration, quantity, and quality. (Medline,2019). 5.2 State of the art TITLE: Design and construction of a system for cardiopulmonary auscultations. Abstract: "In order to contribute to the improvement of bioelectronic devices, a sound acquisition system was developed which, by means of a sound sensor module (microphone) captures the sounds produced by some internal parts of the body (heart, lungs, intestines) these data are sent to a microcontroller and through this sent to a mobile device. The means by which the data was transmitted was through a bluetooth module and thus make use of one of the means of data transmission that have smart mobile devices." (Torres, 2018) 6. METHODOLOGY: We start with the selection of the devices and the programming language to be used in the digital design of the stethoscope, after this we will schematize the electronic circuit for the design of the prototype. When this first part is completed, the respective simulations will be made to verify the operation comparing with the results obtained by a conventional test. At the end, the results obtained will be disclosed in a scientific research article. RESULTS: The design of the digital stethoscope together with the simulations are the main expected result of this proposal. In addition to a comparative statistical study between the designed stethoscope and a conventional examination. As a second result we will obtain an article of scientific divulgation. CONCLUSIONS: It will be demonstrated if it is possible to obtain better results with the digital stethoscope than with the conventional method and the subsequent reduction in radiation levels.

Topic: Digital Signal Processing

DESIGN OF A TOOL FOR THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF SIGNALS IN THE UNIVERSITY ENVIRONMENT USING THE MATLAB GUIDE

ROJAS ORTEGA SEBASTIAN ¹, CASTRO CORREA PAOLA ANDREA ², HERN�NDEZ P�REZ CAMILO ANDR�S ³, BRUGES HEREDIA MIGUEL JOSE ⁴, CASTA�EDA PICO CARLOS OSWALDO ⁵,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ⁴ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ⁵ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ sebastianro@ufps.edu.co, ² paolaandreacaco@ufps.edu.co, ³ camiloandreshp@ufps.edu.co, ⁴ herediamigueljoseb@ufps.edu.co, ⁵ carlososwaldocp@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The study of signals comes from the curiosity of ourselves as humans to understand the behavior of what surrounds us, it is well known that signals are everywhere in many forms that we as smart people have learned to use as an advantage to improve our lives. It is for this reason, that it is necessary to know how they work and what are the differences that each one presents, for this purpose it was developed an application that seeks to provide a solution to different problems that occur when simulating digital signals, therefore, using the GUIDE tool included in the Software MATLAB in its R2017b version we made a tool that has the possibility of graphing signals by entering the required values that are requested in the input interface, in order to help the user understand the behavior of the signals by varying their characteristics.

Topic: Digital Signal Processing

DESIGN OF A SAFETY INSTRUCTION FOR WORKING AT HEIGHTS WITH THE AIRCLIMB EQUIPMENT IN THE ASSEMBLY AND MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRICAL STRUCTURES IN THE COMPANY CAM COLOMBIA MULTISERVICIOS S.A.S

P�REZ FERN�NDEZ BLANCA JOHANNA ¹, BELTR�N C�CERES KATHERIN ANDREA ², URIBE RAM�N GERSON FABI�N ³,
¹ Corporaci�n Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO. Centro Regional C�cuta, ² Corporaci�n Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO. Centro Regional C�cuta., ³ Corporaci�n Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO. Centro Regional C�cuta,

Email: ¹ johisperez@hotmail.com, ² katherin.beltran@uniminuto.edu.co, ³ gerson.uribe@uniminuto.edu.co,

Abstract: Work at heights in Colombia is considered as one in which work is done above 1.5 m at ground level, and likewise it is also work at heights that in which one works after 1.5 m below ground level, the risk of injury from that height is high in different sectors / companies nationwide. This research focused on in the energy sector, focusing its objectives on improving work at heights that is carried out in the company CAM Colombia Multiservicios SAS. Work at heights that is carried out in the company is on electricity poles in which they use elements such as they are harnesses, lifelines for climbing these poles. An attempt was made to improve the methodology of ascent and descent for work at heights, therefore this investigation was framed under the research line of social management, participation and development community; and the sub-line of management of the actors in the working and health conditions.

Topic: Occupational health

ACCOMPANIMENT TO VICTIMS OF THE ARMED CONFLICT, FROM THE HEALTH SECTOR IN THE PREPARATION OF REPORTS TO THE JEP.

BAUTISTA ESPINEL GLORIA OMAIRA ¹,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ gloriabautista@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The statutory law of the JEP establishes how victims' organizations may participate in the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP) by submitting oral or written reports. One of the characteristics is that these are collective, as a gateway for the JEP to investigate and punish these crimes. The health personnel in Norte de Santander are a group of workers located in 40 municipalities of the department, most of them have worked there for more than 20 years and have been exceptional witnesses of the armed conflict. This process was consolidated within the framework of a consultancy between two universities in Norte de Santander and the Colombia Transforma Agency. Objective: To accompany a group of victims of the armed conflict in the elaboration of reports to the JEP. Methodology: Participatory Action Research, qualitative type. Twenty-six health workers, located in 5 municipalities, participated in virtual meetings, focus groups, and the application of designed instruments. Results: In Norte de Santander, the impacts of the conflict on health personnel occurred in 4 areas: Individual and Internal Institutional, External Institutional, Health Sector, and Territories. More than 14 forms of violence against the health sector were identified. The armed actors that were most affected were the self-defense groups, followed by the FARC, and the participation of state actors was also evidenced. The Victims Report of the Medical Mission of Norte de Santander was effectively delivered, appealing to the differential approach of violations of international humanitarian law in protected persons to the public sector's health personnel. The state does not identify them as victims of the armed conflict in Colombia.

Topic: Public health

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MUCA GENE IN PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA STRAINS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC INFECTION PRODUCED IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS

VELEZ LOZANO VALERIA ANDREA ¹,
¹ Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca,

Email: ¹ valeria.velez270@gmail.com,

Abstract: Characterization of the mucA gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains associated with chronic infection produced in cystic fibrosis Valeria Andrea V�lez Lozano1, Romero IC2 1Semillero de Biotecnolog�a y Gen�tica, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, Bogot� D.C. 2 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede La Paz, Cesar. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a microorganism of great importance at the clinical level, as it is commonly isolated from infections associated with health care (IAAS) and infections produced in humans, highlighting the case of cystic fibrosis (F.Q). Said is a genetic disease of recessive autosomal type, characterized by having a multisystemic involvement and, in turn, by presenting mucus accumulation within the lungs of the patients, allowing the colonization of a broad spectrum of microorganisms. In the case of the Chronic Stadium of P. aeruginosa, a wide variety of mutations in the genome, due to prolonged exposure to stressors, such as the anaerobic environment produced by the mucus, nutritional insufficiency, the presence of high concentrations of antibiotics to eradicate the infection and the constant activation of the immune response headed by neutrophils and oxygen reactive species (ROS). In the case of the muca gene, under normal conditions, it is responsible for controlling the production of alginate. However, when the mutation is presented, the mucoid conversion of the bacteria is generated. In this sense, the objective of this research is to characterize the muca gene in strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that are associated with chronic infection produced in cystic fibrosis. For this, it is proposed to carry out the obtaining of strains and, also, the cultivation and identification of the isolates, by means of sowing on Cetrimide Agar and the Vitek team; the induction of the mucoid phenotype of PAO1 strains of P. aeruginosa and 2 clinical isolates from patients with F.Q, making use of hydrogen peroxide at a 2 Mm concentration, with an exposure of 60 minutes a day; make the extraction of the genome by means of the phenol-chloroform method, to carry out the amplification of the gene by using the respective Forward and Reverse primers; and allow the sequence of the same for the identification of the mutations that are inside it. As preliminary results, from the samples from orotracheal secretions of patients with cystic fibrosis, the insulation and identification of the bacteria was performed, where it was possible to identify that the bacteria that was infecting the patients was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Regarding the isolation from the samples, it was determined that the phenotype of these was not mucoid and that presented a profile of resistance, in the case of the first sample (resistance to carbepenemic such as, imipenem, doripenem and meropenem) and in the Second sample (tigecichlin resistance). In addition, the design of the firsts was performed both Forward and Reverse, on the Primer Blast platform, based on the sequence obtained from pseudomonas.com and the sequence of each corresponding to (5'-atgagtcgtgagagcccccc-3 ') and (5 '- TCAGCGGTTTTTCCAGGCT-3') respectively.

Topic: Public health

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE VETERINARIAN PHARMACIES IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF CUCUTA

GARCIA PINO CAROLINA ¹, MORA DELGADO LIGIA TERESA ²,
¹ Carolina Garc�a Pino, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ carolinagp@ufps.edu.co, ² ligiamora@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: The adequate handle of medicines is a global interest problem that applies not only to humans, but animals as well, and in particular those animals that are pets and others that are for consume purpose. In Cucuta city there are different establishments that sell medicines for animals, but, �do they sell them the proper way? This ongoing research, seeks to identify those establishments characterize their services and describe the processes related to the purchase, reception, storage, dispensing and final disposal of the medicines for animal use. So far, there had been found 55 establishments in 6 communes in Cucuta city and in Los Patios, these establishments commercialize free sell medicines, special control medicines, and hospital medicines. Most of those establishments are leaded by staff without a veterinary college degree, about the storage, it was able to conclude that the stability of the medicines may be compromise do to sun light exposure, the break of cool line, and the right temperature. It is recommended to all those establishments to apply the norm to correctly handle medicines for animal use, as well as qualify the staff in charge of the veterinary service.

Topic: Public health

CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS SEROVAR L2: ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF 23688 PEPTIDE DERIVATIVES IN INFECTED HEP-2 CELLS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE MSM POPULATION.

AR�VALO PINZ�N GABRIELA ¹, G�MEZ J�MENEZ MARTHA ², S�NCHEZ MORA RUTH M�LIDA ³, CASTELLANOS HERN�NDEZ NATALIA ⁴, RUBIO M�NDEZ LAURA DANIELA ⁵, GALEANO S�NCHEZ DANIEL FELIPE ⁶, ALC�NTARA CORT�S JOHAN STEVEN ⁷,
¹ Universidad colegio mayor de Cundinamarca, ² Universidad colegio mayor de Cundinamarca, ³ Universidad colegio mayor de Cundinamarca, ⁴ Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, ⁵ Universidad colegio mayor de cundinamarca, ⁶ Universidad colegio mayor de Cundinamarca, ⁷ Universidad colegio mayor de cundinamarca,

Email: ¹ gabarpi@gmail.com, ² marthagomez@unicolmayor.edu.co, ³ rmsanchezm@unicolmayor.edu.co, ⁴ natiliacastellanosh@gmail.com, ⁵ lau.rm0529@gmail.com, ⁶ dfgaleano@unicolmayor.edu.co, ⁷ jalcantara@unicolmayor.edu.co,

Abstract: Over time, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have been a problem of great importance in public health, in most cases these infections are asymptomatic or manifest with mild symptoms, which makes timely detection difficult. One of the most common STIs in young adults is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis), a nonmotile, gram-negative bacterium with an obligate intracellular parasitic life that is transmitted through unprotected oral or anal intercourse. "Approximately 50% of men do not show any signs or symptoms", however, among the symptoms that are reflected in the other part of the population are: pruritus, dysuria, dyspareunia, and urethral discharge, which, since they are not Treated leads to complications such as proctitis, urethritis and epididymitis, as well as extragenital infections, such as rectal or oropharyngeal infections. C. trachomatis, presents different serovars (D to L) involved in generating infections of the genitourinary tract, highlighting within these serovar L (comprised by L1, L2, L3), which causes lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). LGV is an invasive ulcer disease, whose outbreaks have been more prevalent and have been verified among men who have sex with men (MSM); It should be noted that epidemiological information on the magnitude of the STI problem and, in particular, infection by C. trachomatis in adolescents and young adults is limited to a small number of studies and incomplete official data from the countries of the region. In recent years, resistance to antibiotic treatment for STIs has increased rapidly, as well as the reduction of therapeutic options, therefore, concerns have been raised about clinical failures in the treatment of C. trachomatis in infected patients, often due to the loss of efficacy of antibiotics, due to their improper or excessive use. Thus, the search for new therapeutic strategies has great relevance, being an alternative the use of antimicrobial peptides (PAMs); Therefore, the objective is to evaluate derivatives of the synthetic peptide 23688 that have been shown to be capable of inhibiting the growth of different microorganisms, on a model of infection of HEp-2 cells infected with Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2 (EB's / LGV VR-902B) , in addition to work with the MSM community, with which a screening will be carried out from the application of POCT tests and subsequent molecular confirmation, applying the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique that allows identifying known regions of the cryptic plasmid of C. trachomatis to know its prevalence in the population. The project in question is in execution, initially its development is divided into two parts, the cellular tests and the molecular tests, as for the cellular tests, HEp-2 cells have been cultivated and maintained, which were visualized by staining. Giemsa for the recognition of morphology prior to cell infection with Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2 (EB's / LGV VR-902B). Regarding molecular assays, around 50 rectal swabs obtained from the MSM population have been processed so far, carrying out a total DNA extraction process, and, after that, three PCRs were performed, the first two with two pairs of primers. different that are directed to the cryptic plasmid of C. trachomatis, thus allowing to increase the sensitivity and specificity at the time of bacterial identification and the third PCR amplifies beta globin as a constitutive gene that allows guaranteeing a correct sample collection with the presence of cellularity . Therefore, to date, it has been possible to standardize the culture of the Hep-2 cell line as the optimal model for future infection tests with the Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2 strain ATCC VR-902B in order to perform tests with the aforementioned peptides of interest. Furthermore, the specific conditions required by the three PCRs were standardized, both those that amplify the cryptic plasmid of Chlamydia trachomatis and those that amplify beta globin as a constitutive gene for cellularity control when taking the sample (anorectal swab).

Topic: Public health

COMPARISON OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN AMPUTEES ACCORDING TO TYPE OF PROSTHETIC KNEES

HINCAPI� GALL�N OLGA LUCIA ¹, AGUDELO PARRA MICHELLE ², SANTOFIMIO HERN�NDEZ DIANA MARCELA ³, TORRES S�NCHEZ ANA MAR�A ⁴, CAMPO SALAZAR OSCAR IV�N ⁵, RUBIO WILSON HELMUT ALEXANDER ⁶,
¹ Instituci�n Universitaria escuela Nacional del deporte , ² Instituci�n Universitaria Escuela Nacional del Deporte, ³ Instituci�n Universitaria Escuela Nacional del Deporte, ⁴ Instituci�n Universitaria Escuela Nacional de Deporte, ⁵ Universidad Aut�noma de Occidente, ⁶ Universidad Aut�noma de Occidente,

Email: ¹ olga.hincapie@endeporte.edu.co, ² michelle.agudelo@endeporte.edu.co, ³ marce4santofimio@gmail.com, ⁴ anamaria97.torres@hotmail.com, ⁵ oicampo@uao.edu.co, ⁶ harubio@uao.edu.co,

Abstract: The quality of life has become a predictor of satisfaction in relation to the goods or services to which one has access. Therefore, it was proposed to compare how the quality of life is perceived in transfemoral amputees when using three different prosthetic knees. Methods: Case study where the GENCAT scale was applied to assess the level of quality of life in 7 participants, using 3 prosthetic knees (Conventional, ATK-PA-01, 3P26). Results: The users scored high quality of life in the use of the 3 knees, with a significant association for the Rights dimension, showing a strong association when comparing the conventional prosthetic knee and the ATK-PA-01, with the former obtaining a better score. . Conclusions: A high level of quality of life is evidenced with the three prostheses regardless of their cost, however, users notice changes in some aspects of their lives when modifications are made to their prostheses

Topic: Public health

DETERMINATION OF GENES ASSOCIATED WITH BIOFILM FORMATION AND THE KPC GENE IN CLINICAL ISOLATES OF K. PNEUMONIAE AND P. AERUGINOSA IN A THIRD LEVEL HOSPITAL IN BOGOT�, COLOMBIA

ACOSTA U. EDITH ¹, MARTINEZ L. WENDY ², MEJIA C. WENDY DANIELA ³, CRUZ CLAUDIA ⁴, SANTOS R. PAOLA ⁵, NAVARRETE O. JEANNETTE ⁶, PEREZ A. LAURA PATRICIA ⁷, OCHOA R. SHARON HASSBLEIDY ⁸, PINILLA B. GLADYS ⁹,
¹ Semillero REMA, J�venes Talento Conv. 874 Minciencias, ² Semillero REMA, J�venes Talento conv. 874 Minciencias, ³ Semillero REMA, J�venes Talento conv. 874 Minciencias, ⁴ Universidad Colegio Mayor De Cundinamarca, ⁵ Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Programa de Bacteriolog�a y Laboratorio Cl�nico, ⁶ Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Programa de Bacteriolog�a y Laboratorio Cl�nico, ⁷ Hospital General de Medell�n Luz Castro de Guti�rrez E.S.E , ⁸ Subred Integral de Servicios de Salud Sur. E.S.E. Hospital El Tunal, ⁹ Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Programa de Bacteriolog�a y Laboratorio Cl�nico,

Email: ¹ eyacosta@unicolmayor.edu.co, ² wgmartinez@unicolmayor.edu.co, ³ wmejia@unicolmayor.edu.co, ⁴ candreacruz@unicolmayor.edu.co, ⁵ psantos@unicolmayor.edu.co, ⁶ jnavarrete@unicolmayor.edu.co, ⁷ luchy.p72@gmail.com, ⁸ sharon.yuki.94@gmail.com, ⁹ gpinillab@unicolmayor.edu.co,

Abstract: Microorganisms such as K. pneumoniae, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and other enterobacteria usually cause hospital-acquired infections which are persistent and difficult to treat, generating an increase in morbidity and mortality rates and raising health care costs. These pathogens possess virulence characteristics and factors such as the production of enzymes capable of hydrolyzing carbapenemics (KPC, VIM, IMP, NMD), and some of these have the ability to form biofilm thanks to proteins such as MrkA, pslA and others. These mechanisms favor resistance to the last line antimicrobials available for their treatment. A total of 61 samples were collected from which 43 Klebsiella spp. and 6 P. aeruginosa samples obtained from a third level hospital in the city of Bogota, and isolated mainly from urine, blood and peritoneal fluid samples, which were identified in genus and species, and phenotypically characterized by susceptibility testing with BD Phoenix 100� equipment. Biofilm formation was genotypically evaluated through genes involved in the initial phase of biofilm formation (mrkA and pslA); in addition, the presence of the bla KPC gene related to carbapenem resistance was evaluated by PCR. Of the 43 samples belonging to the genus Klebsiella spp. analyzed, 42 were found to possess the mrkA gene, and of the P. aeruginosa isolates studied, all presented the pslA gene. All (43) of the Klebsiella spp. isolates analyzed were found to have the blaKPC gene and 6/5 of the P. aeruginosa isolates presented this gene. This study shows that antimicrobial resistance is significantly associated with the presence of structural components of these microorganisms such as the mrkA and pslA genes related to the binding to the extracellular matrix necessary for the formation of the biofilm and its structural support; in addition, the gene with the highest prevalence associated with carbapenem resistance in our environment is bla KPC. Therefore, control, follow-up and prevention strategies should be reconsidered, as well as the implementation of molecular diagnostic methods, given the dissemination and circulation of these genes in tertiary hospitals, since they cause a major public health problem, which exacerbates the current situation of Pandemic COVID 19, and evidence that the measures implemented so far have not been effective or sufficient to mitigate this problem.

Topic: Public health

DIAGNOSIS OF THE PERCEPTION OF THE PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL HEALTH OF OLDER ADULTS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF LOS PATIOS

HERN�NDEZ VERGEL VIVIANA KARINA ¹, NUVAN HURTADO IRMA LISETH ², PRADA N��EZ RA�L ³,
¹ Universidad de Santander, ² Universidad de Santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ vivi.hernandez@mail.udes.edu.co, ² irma.nuvan@mail.udes.edu.co, ³ raulprada@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: This research will focus on the degree of well-being of a group of older adults in the associations of the municipality of Los Patios, Department of Norte de Santander, in Colombia. In line with global trends, life expectancy in Colombia has increased significantly in recent years. In this sense, it is necessary to know not only the current proportion and demographic projections regarding the number of older adults, their health and access to adequate health care. In addition to these aspects, it is necessary to know how this segment of the population perceives their living conditions (biological, psychological and environmental), which together constitute well-being. The importance of this type of measurement lies in the need to establish public policies of social assistance for this segment of the population. The results derived from this research have been organised in such a way as to respond to each of the specific objectives proposed. A sample size of 423 older adults from the associations attached to the municipality of Los Patios, Colombia, was consolidated, of which 313 are women and 110 are men, which is equivalent to saying that for every three women there is one man, and the PERMA Profile by Butler and Kern (2016) was applied (Positive emotions, Engagement, Positive Relation, Meaning and Accomplishment), which in Spanish measures positive emotions, commitment, relationships, meaning and achievements, where it was obtained that the overall average of the PERMA Profile can be identified as a value that slightly exceeds five points, i.e., that at a general level a slight positive perception could be evidenced on the various aspects that were surveyed. When analysing the dimensions in detail, it could be determined that the presence of negative feelings is infrequent in them; while in the other dimensions a slight positive perception is evident, highlighting the meaning they give to their lives from the activities they have developed and which they carry out nowadays. They are followed in importance by the enthusiasm, pleasure and fascination they perceive for what they do, a situation that leads them to feel happy, optimistic and content with life.

Topic: Public health

INCIDENCE OF PUBLIC POLICIES FOR THE CONTROL AND PREVENTION OF VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES

SANCHEZ VELASQUEZ MARIA CAMILA ¹, VELASQUEZ PEREZ TORCOROMA ², CASTRO SILVA HUGO FERNANDO ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Oca�a, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Oca�a, ³ Universidad Pedag�gica y Tecnol�gica de Colombia ,

Email: ¹ mcsanchezv@ufpso.edu.co, ² tvelasquezp@ufpso.edu.co, ³ hugofernando.castro@uptc.edu.co,

Abstract: Public health in Colombia is made up of a set of policies that have the purpose of guaranteeing the health of the population, through actions that occur from the individual to the collective, these actions have the objective of contributing to the development of indicators of living conditions, well-being and development; the policies are executed from the Ministerio de Salud, stand out, healthy lifestyles, vulnerable population, epidemiology, demography, and vaccination. In Norte de Santander, 5 fundamental axes are handled within the health participation policies, axis 5 is specifically mentioned, which is the control and guarantee in health with participation in the decision-making process based on the appropriation of instruments and tools that allow citizens to be actors in the process of definition, implementation, control of policies and programs for prevention. All these policies and actions mentioned above are aimed at preventing diseases that have been increasing in recent years, according to the Ministerio de Salud, the most frequent communicable diseases in Colombia are: Covid-19, Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI), Zika, dengue, chikungunya and chagas. Dengue presented 1055 cases in Norte de Santander in 2019, being the second most affected department followed by Meta with 689 cases. In Malaria, the department ranked 8th with 162 cases. Norte de Santander has been characterized as an endemic area for vector-borne diseases (VTE). This research is quantitative and its purpose is to analyze the impact of public policies on TVE generated in the department.

Topic: Public health

PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF LOW INCOME PEOPLE IN NORTH OF SANTANDER

RUIZ-ROA SILVIA LILIANA ¹, MARTINEZ ROJAS SANDRA MILENA ²,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER,

Email: ¹ silvialilianarr@ufps.edu.co, ² sandramilenamr@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Introduction: Mental health is a component of human health, public health has shown an increase in mental disorders in the adult population worldwide and nationally, without differentiating by socioeconomic level and demographic area, generating high economic and emotional impact in the person, family and society. Multiple genetic and epidemiological advances of the COVID-19 infection have been generated since the beginning of the pandemic, however, there is no clarity on the effects of the pandemic on the mental health of individuals and groups. Objective: To establish the psychological profile of members of low-income families during the period of health emergency due to COVID-19. Materials and methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional study that determined Harold J Dupuy's psychological well-being index (PGWBI) in 83 subjects belonging to 35 families of strata 1, 2 and 3, residents in urban areas of municipalities of Norte de Santander. The measurement was performed at the end of the period of confinement due to the health emergency caused by COVID-19 in September 2020. The results are presented using measures of central tendency, absolute and relative frequencies. Results: The participants were predominantly female, aged between 36-60 years, married marital status, playing the parental and provider role in their homes; with no history of chronic non-communicable disease or of having presented acute disease in the confinement period from March to September 2020. In the comparative analysis by dimensions and sociodemographic variables, the PGWBI identified greater anxiety in female subjects (p=0.02), higher perception of health in people aged 18-35 years (p <0.01) and lower perception in people with parental role (p=0.02). Conclusion: Despite the changes evidenced in the dimensions perception of health and anxiety, in general the families present absence of psychological distress, which can contribute to the adherence of self-care measures in the period of health emergency, without being evidence of psychological or mental well-being in these subjects.

Topic: Public health

SELF-MEDICATION IN STUDENT OF THE FACULTY OF EDUCATION, ARTS AND HUMANITIES OF THE FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER UNIVERSITY

GARCIA PINO CAROLINA ¹, PE�ALOZA DUR�N MARGARITA ²,
¹ Carolina Garc�a Pino, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ carolinagp@ufps.edu.co, ² margaritarosapd@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Self-medication is a behavior that is part of the selfcare that people do as an alternative to maintain their health, it is the use of medicines without a medical prescription. This research proposal looks forward to characterize the self-medication practices in the students of the faculty of Education, Arts and humanities of the Francisco de Paula Santander University in order to identify the main diseases and medicines that are use by the students in their self-medication practices, also to identify the risk behaviors and the causes of this behavior. The study is quantitative and has an instrument that was validated for experts in this topic with a pharmaceutical chemistry degree. The results will allow to created socialization spaces with the academic community to educate about the adequate use of medicines.

Topic: Public health

THE NURSING STUDENT EXPERIENCE IN THE PANDEMIC: UNDERSTANDINGS FROM A FOCUS GROUP ASSISTED BY TIC

PARADA RICO DORIS AMPARO ¹, SILVA S�NCHEZ DIANA CAROLINA ², FRANCO JHOSSELIN ³, BAUTISTA GAUTA ANGIE STEFANNY ⁴, GARC�A JOEL DAVID ⁵,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander , ² UFPS, ³ UFPS, ⁴ UFPS, ⁵ UFPS,

Email: ¹ dorisparada@ufps.edu.co, ² dianacarolinass@ufps.edu.co, ³ jhosselinkaterinefr@ufpse.edu.co, ⁴ angiestefannybg@ufps.edu.co, ⁵ joeldavidgp@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Introduction: The pandemic led to distancing and loss of face-to-face in the educational interaction between teachers and students. Likewise, new family dynamics emerged, ruptures in the social context and in some cases the acquisition of the workload that the student accessed, all of which is interwoven in the middle of the learning processes and limits the scope of training competencies. OBJECTIVE: To understand the educational experiences of university students in the Nursing program of a public university through the technology-assisted focus group technique. METHODOLOGY: A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was carried out, using the technology-assisted focus group technique, in which five students from the Nursing program participated. A preliminary script was designed, an introduction to the topic and a moderator was prepared, as well as a person to collect field notes. All of the above assisted through the Meet platform. The information was transcribed and with field notes, analyzed using the grounded theory method, and the Atlas Ti program. RESULTS. There are three general categories. One called: academic journey between scarcity and overload, a second: interwoven and family twists and the last: adjusting the body to the demands of those interwoven in the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: The TIC-assisted focus group allows group interaction, openly addressing issues, responding to the intervention of the other, as well as exposing emotions and interweaves that are formed in the context of the pandemic during the process of learning. Thus, the students express difficulties in virtual training such as lack of concentration and absence of spaces to define their role as student. On the other hand, the new family dynamics, the continuous stay at home, the break with the group of friends, the difficulties for the virtual connection, and the need to work due to economic difficulties, imply for some the increase of stress and create physical problems, which are faced in various ways in order to advance in the academy.

Topic: Public health

USE OF MEDICINES AND MEDICAL DEVICES IN THE RESIDENTIAL HOMES OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD SAN NICOLAS TOWERS IN LOS PATIOS

FERRER SANDRA LEONORA ¹, VACA ORTIZ YURETSY ALEJANDRA ², GARCIA PINO CAROLINA ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ³ Carolina Garc�a Pino,

Email: ¹ sandraleonoraf@ufps.edu.co, ² yuretsyalejandravort@ufps.edu.co, ³ carolinagp@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: In January of 2020 Colombia register the dead of to under age children due to a mistake that was made in the dispensing of the medicine, when the seller and the parents didn�t verify the content of the medicine box before they give it to the children. Those kind of mistakes in the management process of medicines and medical devices (purchase, storage, use, and final disposal) may cause risks that goes from adverse reactions to dead. For that reason, the program in Farmacy Management Technology from the Francisco de Paula Santander University propose the research characterization of the use of medicines and medical devices in the residential homes in San Nicolas Towers in Los Patios. This is part of a bigger project tan looks forward to describe the management process of medicines and medical devices at home, identify the most use medicines and medical devices and stablish the main risk people is incurring to in each process. In the first stage of this quantitate research (2019) the survey was applied in the neighborhoods Ciudad Rodeo and Las Cumbres, and in this second stage the survey was improve by the previous experience and revised by experts in this topic with a pharmaceutical chemistry degree. In 2021 the survey will be applied in the residential homes of the neighborhood San Nicolas Towers in Los Patios.

Topic: Public health

EVALUATION OF THE THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF CERAMIC CONSTRUCTION UNITS OF THE NORTESANTANDEREANA INDUSTRY.

NARVAEZ STEPHANNY ¹, SANCHEZ MOLINA JORGE ², SANCHEZ Z��IGA JESSICA ³,
¹ UFPS, ² UFPS, ³ UFPS,

Email: ¹ stephannynarvaezortega@outlook.com, ² jorgesm@ufps.edu.co, ³ Jessicavivianasz@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: In Norte de Santander there is a ceramics cluster made up of 59 companies dedicated to the production of construction materials derived from clay, a vernacular material with ample extraction potential in the region; fired clay products in different hollow block presentations represent 15% of industrial production, These constructive pieces are low cost and show a high demand in the local market masonry, therefore, the Cucuta envelope is largely built with fired red clay blocks whose thermo-physical characteristics make up a large percentage of the thermal load of the building. This research seeks to comparatively evaluate the thermal behavior of four types of ceramic blocks with different perforations, in order to establish their performance in relation to the temperature transfer allowed by their morphology, considering a thermal conductivity for clay of 0, 407 W/m�C finite element method is applied in thermal simulations through ANSYS R16 software, establishing the temperature distribution and heat flow from the external face to the internal face of each piece subjected to specific extreme environmental conditions, taking as reference the month of September as the period of highest solar incidence and an hour between 12:00 - 13:00 noon: 00 - 13:00 noon as the time that presents the highest temperature for the city of C�cuta, Colombia; the results of the study allow identifying the ceramic block of 6 rectangular holes as the product that due to its physical thermal characteristics presents a better alternative to be applied in constructions that seek energy efficiency.

Topic: Synthesis and characterization of materials

SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION ADAPTED IN PIPPETE-TIP USING MOLECULARLY PRINTED POLYMERS AS ADSORBENT MATERIALS FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF AVERMECTINS IN ENVIRONMENTAL

ANGULO FLOREZ DIEGO HERNANDO ¹, CIPAGAUTA ESQUIVEL EDNA CAROLINA ², GONZALES YESID ORLANDO ³, TORRES NEIRA OLGA LUCIA ⁴,
¹ FUNDACI�N UNIVERSITARIA JUAN DE CASTELLANOS, ² UNIVERSIDAD DE BOYACA, ³ FUNDACION UNIVERSITARIA JUAN DE CASTELLANOS, ⁴ FUNDACI�N UNIVERSITARIA JUAN DE CASTELLANOS,

Email: ¹ dangulo@jdc.edu.co, ² eccipagauta@uniboyaca.edu.co, ³ ygonzalez@jdc.edu.co, ⁴ otorres@jdc.edu.co,

Abstract: A simple HPLC method was developed for the determination of abamectin (ABA), eprinomectin (EPR) and moxidectin (MOX), using a tip-adapted solid phase extraction from a polymer with molecular imprinting (PT-MIP-SPE ), the polymer was synthesized based on poly (1-vinylimidazole-co-trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate) and was used as a selective adsorbent material. The preparation of samples in environmental matrices was studied in detail, focusing on water samples, the optimized parameters were: washing solvent, type and volume of eluent, pH, amount of adsorbent material and sample volume. The performance criteria of linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, recovery, robustness and stability were evaluated and are within the recommended guidelines. The mean extraction / relative recoveries The standard deviation for ABA 1b, EPR, ABA 1a and MOX was 98.77 � 3.82%, 88.19 � 2.57%, 110.54 � 1.52% and 100, 42 � 0.59%, respectively. Finally, the results showed that PT-MIP-SPE coupled to HPLC-UV is an economical, simple and easy to perform technique, and presented a high potential for the extraction of macrocyclic lactones in drinking water of interest for human consumption.

Topic: Synthesis and characterization of materials

STUDY OF ADDITION OF INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS TO TICRV ALLOYS USED IN HYDROGEN STORAGE

MARTINEZ AMARIZ ALEJANDRO DAVID ¹, MONTES VERA EFREN ²,
¹ Unidades Tecnol�gicas de Santander, ² Unidades Tecnol�gicas de Santander,

Email: ¹ alejandrm@gmail.com, ² eda_mon@hotmail.com,

Abstract: Hydrogen has become a promising energy carrier element, thus, routes are currently being developed worldwide to implement it in their energy matrix, however, there are challenges for its total development, among which production stands out. Low cost, safe storage, and transportation. In this sense, this work is characterized by the study of alloys that store hydrogen safely in the solid-state, various intermetallic compounds are studied such as Zr2Fe, ZrMn2, Zr7Ni10, Cu7Ni10 added as co-fused to TiCrV based alloys as this is a promising candidate for hydrogen storage. The results show that the addition promotes rapid absorption due to a catalytic effect at room temperature and pressures of 2 bars.

Topic: Synthesis and characterization of materials

ARGUMENTATOR - MOTIVATING THE ARGUMENTATION IN THE NAVAL TECHNOLOGIES CABIN BOYS AT THE ENSB

ALVAREZ CAMPOS HAROLD ¹, CASTA�O TORRES JORGE ELIECER ²,
¹ Escuela Naval de Suboficiales A.R.C. �Barranquilla�, ² Escuela Naval de Suboficiales A.R.C. �Barranquilla�,

Email: ¹ harold1906@hotmail.com, ² Jorge.castano@armada.mil.co,

Abstract: The Escuela Naval de Suboficiales A.R.C. "Barranquilla", hereinafter ENSB, is the technological training school of the Colombian National Navy, whose mission is to train the naval non-commissioned officers, in order to ensure the protection of national sovereignty on coasts, seas and rivers, following the guidelines of the naval command, attached to the Ministry of National Defense. This implies appropriating training, updating and training processes, so that its crew members can have the adequate knowledge to be able to man, operate and maintain the different units afloat that the National Navy has. In this context, the strategy called "Argumentator - Motivating the argumentation in the Naval Technologies cabin boys at the ENSB", is designed to be able to combine technology-based elements with physical elements, in order to motivate the argumentation in the students in front of a specific theme. Likewise, the argumentation process is taken into account as a domain of the subject, knowing that the argumentation consists of explaining in order to persuade the other interlocutor in order to demonstrate the mastery of a particular subject, and that in any process of education is an indicator of thematic domain. The proposal integrates a physical device (argumentative), a website that dynamizes the subject and its questions in a random way (use of ICT), and a table of particular subjects for each subject. The population of students belonging to the different technologies offered by the ENSB are young people from all over Colombia, whose ages range from approximately 16 to 20 years. They belong to the socio-economic strata 1, 2 and 3 of each of the Departments of Colombia. Currently, male students are accepted as regular cabin boys, given the guidelines of the naval command, since it is a call for admission at the national level. To choose to study in the different naval technologies available at the ENSB, the cabin boys must maintain a high score, given the diverse competencies of each naval technology, and with the ease that the students remain on board the school all day ; which means that they have enough time and space to be able to optimally tackle the studies within the naval institution. Students who are accepted by the national convocation in the process of linking the new contingents of cabin boys each time, must be graduated high school graduates and must undergo a knowledge test in the admission process. The cabin students in each of the different naval technologies learn teamwork, since they will be the ones who man and operate the different afloat units of the Army, and it is of great importance to be able to develop collaborative competencies against all the situations that arise on board. The project "Argumentator - Motivating the argumentation in the Naval Technologies cabin boys at the ENSB", does not present limitations so far. It should be noted that, as access to a Web portal that presents the assignment of the questions is used, it is necessary for the teacher to have access to the internet from their mobile device.

Topic: Applied Technologies

OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN HYDROGEN PRODUCTION IN COLOMBIA

MARTINEZ AMARIZ ALEJANDRO DAVID ¹, MONTES VERA EFREN ²,
¹ Unidades Tecnol�gicas de Santander, ² Unidades Tecnol�gicas de Santander,

Email: ¹ alejandrm@gmail.com, ² eda_mon@hotmail.com,

Abstract: Hydrogen is showing great interest as a key instrument in the global energy transition process, industrialized countries are developing technology for its use. Colombia has conditions that can be used to turn hydrogen into a fundamental element and become a regional leader in the energy transition thanks to its privileged geographical location, therefore it is important to develop a stable legal and political framework, capable of attracting long-term investments. term. In a first approximation, it is necessary to analyze the production capacity, demand, export potential and regulation to propose a hydrogen deployment plan in Colombia. In this work, the different forms of hydrogen production are compared and it is determined which are the most viable to implement in Colombia.

Topic: Applied Technologies

TALENT 4.0 AND GENDER AT THE FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER UNIVERSITY

PARDO GARC�A CARLOS EDUARDO ¹, DIAZ LEAL NELLY ROSANA ², HERRERA C�CERES MAT�AS ³,
¹ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, ² universidad francisco de paula santander, ³ Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,

Email: ¹ carlospardo@ufps.edu.co, ² nellyrosanadl@ufps.edu.co, ³ matiashc@ufps.edu.co,

Abstract: Information and communications technologies ICT are valued as a key factor for innovation for the productive sector in the country and in the world, especially with the industry 4.0 revolution, supported by data and algorithms that will lead to the automation and robotization of jobs in the following years; however, automation and technology are improving productivity and creating jobs that require greater skills, especially technological capabilities, problem solving and critical reasoning; therefore, this is one of the great challenges that women in Colombia must face, do to the fact that employability in the coming years leans towards STEAM areas. (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Mathematics). Therefore, this context is not only changing the way of living but the way of working which brings with it a look and reflection from the cultural and educational perspective on employability, to respond to the needs of the labor market without ceasing to taking into account an important aspect such as gender equality of the human talent that is being trained, it is necessary to contextualize education programs and thus close the gender gap in access to vocational training. Consequently, women participation in this research was approached and reviewed in detail, in the study programs related to STEAM at the Francisco de Paula Santander University, the reasons for the low choice and income of women in these studies were determined, desertion of women from STEAM careers, the interrelation between diverse studies and the insertion in the work environment of STEAM areas as well as the difficulties of women to access the labor market despite the advances in gender equality and equity policies in public and private sectors. Finally, the alternatives and solution proposals are addressed.

Topic: Applied Technologies