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FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS IN THE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN ACCESSORY DEDICATED TO THE HANDLING OF SMART PHONES AND ITS INFLUENCE ON CARPIAN TUNNEL SYNDROME
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CASTRO MALDONADO JOHN JAIRO 1, NIÑO ARDILA MIGUEL ANGEL 2,
1 SENA - Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje, 2 Universidad de Pamplona,
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Email: maninoa@misena.edu.co
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Abstract: This research aims to develop and conceive a new product for the loading and handling of smartphones, which reduces the symptoms of carpal tunnel at the time of using the selected prototype. In the first stage, the method presents three different designs modeled in specialized 3D software called CATIA V5, dedicated to managing the life cycle of new products. In the product lifecycle management process of industrial design, the manufacture of the three designs was obtained by going through a posture analysis with the simulation of one of these designs, such as the AV3 prototype, this being the selected version of the computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing/computer-aided engineering, which beat the hypothesis of this research work. The AV3 version of the prototype supports the three aspects expected in this study, the first and most important the physiological aspect; Due to the fact that it allows using the telephone in a healthy way, minimizing the symptoms or tension of the carpal tunnel, the functional analysis was validated by making comparisons with the results of the different superficial electromyography shots applied to the hand of a patient, holding each of the accessories. (AV3 vs current market accessory) and the information technology device, the second technological aspect; because the prototype offers a safe charging station or stage and finally the functional aspect; because it is an innovative prototype and has versatility in the use and manipulation of information technology as a new product.
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Topic: AM - Additive Manufacturing
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PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A PHOTOPOLYMERIC MATERIAL LOADED WITH COPPER NANO-ADDITIVES
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VALBUENA NIÑO ELY DANNIER 1, PERTUZ COMAS ALBERTO DAVID 2, LIZARAZO DANIEL 3,
1 Fundación of Researchers in Science and Technology of Materials, 2 Universidad Industrial de Santander , 3 Universidad Industrial de Santander UIS,
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Email: daniel7lizarazo@gmail.com
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Abstract: The physicochemical characterization is research considering the effect of mixing a photosensitive resin with copper nanowires in the manufacture of specimens by means of the laser stereolithography technique; likewise, it establishes the relationship between the percentage of additive and the physicochemical properties of the material. The specimens were manufactured with a commercial resin mixed with copper nanowires at two weight/weight concentrations, 0.008% and 0.017%; After manufacturing, the specimens were subjected to indentation, mechanical dynamic, calorimetry, and spectrometry tests in order to determine the impact of nano additives on the physicochemical properties of the material. The viscoelastic resistance shows a tendency to decrease with respect to the increase in the concentration of nanowires, while the storage modulus and the glass transition temperature increase; on the other hand, the plastic resistance does not show significant changes. The results show that with the incorporation of nanowires in the resin, a rigid and mechanically stable with the increase in temperature material is obtained.
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Topic: AM - Additive Manufacturing
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PROCESSING OF METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE MATERIALS USING LASER BEAM FUSION ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
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MARTÍNEZ DÍAZ ELKIN 1,
1 KAMAX S.L.U.,
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Email: elmarda25@gmail.com
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Abstract: The mechanical and tribological properties of steel matrix composites (316L stainless steel reinforced with Cr3C2 ceramic particles) were investigated. The steel matrix composites with three reinforcing percentages (3 wt.%, 6 wt.%, and 9 wt.%) were manufactured by additive manufacturing technologies by selective laser melting technique. The wear behavior was studied by using a pin-on-disk wear test at room temperature. The worn surface was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the friction coefficient does not have a clear tendency or direct correlation with the reinforcement variation while the wear rate decreases with the increasing content of reinforcement. The better properties combination were achieved with 6 wt.% of reinforcement.
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Topic: AM - Additive Manufacturing
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SOCIAL INTEREST HOUSING MODEL THROUGH THE USE OF RECYCLED MATERIALS: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT UNDER CONSTRUCTION
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MARTINEZ AMARIZ ALEJANDRO DAVID 1, PULIDO FERNANDO 2, MONTES EFREN 3,
1 Unidades Tecnológicas de Santander
/ Universidad de Santander, 2 Universidad de Santander, 3 Unidades Tecnologicas de Santander,
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Email: alejandrom@gmail.com
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Abstract: Many countries of the American continent have a high population in large cities due to several factors, one of them if not the most important is industrialization, which together with technological advances is an important demographic factor and with it the immigration that has allowed Throughout history progress and innovation, however, the above brings serious problems such as the high consumption of natural resources to supply the basic needs of these cities that grow without control, large amounts of food, water and energy are necessary for this purpose. Another big problem is that it is necessary to develop housing solutions or massive housing projects, otherwise these cities will collapse. The objective of this work is to develop an architectural and economic design proposal for social housing by using recyclable materials. The material used is designed and characterized by different experimental techniques in order to comply with national standards.
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Topic: AM - Additive Manufacturing
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ANODIZED NANOSTRUCTURED TITANIUM SURFACES: PRESENT AND FUTURE
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GIL LINDA 1,
1 UNEXPO,
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Email: lindaegil@gmail.com
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Abstract: Titanium and its alloys have been widely used as materials for implants with biomedical applications, due to their biocompatibility and their chemical, physical and mechanical properties, and very importantly, their corrosion resistance. The goal is that the implant does not fail and therefore that osseointegration occurs in the short term, which is defined as a direct, structural, and functional connection between living, ordered bone and the surface of a prosthesis subjected to functional load. It has been shown in recent years that osseointegration strongly depends on the nano-topography of the implant surface. For this reason, the formation of a passive film of titanium oxide on the metal surface is of vital importance, which increases resistance to corrosion and biological activity. The formation of this layer with the morphology of titanium dioxide nanotubes, through a controlled electrochemical anodizing process, improves the properties of the implant and these properties are strongly dependent on the process parameters. In this research work, we will discuss the most important aspects associated with this technology and future challenges. Finally, the research experiences carried out in Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica Antonio José de Sucre, Venezuela, with other institutions will be presented.
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Topic: BC - Biomedical Coatings
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ADVANCES ON MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING OF 3D PRINTED AUXETIC SCAFFOLDS
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DIAZ MELGAREJO ANDRES MAURICIO 1, RUBIANO FONSECA ASTRID 2, RAMIREZ ARIAS JOSE LUIS 3,
1 UNIVERSIDAD MILITAR NUEVA GRANADA, 2 UNIVERSIDAD MILITAR NUEVA GRANADA, 3 UNIVERSIDAD MILITAR NUEVA GRANADA,
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Email: jose.ramirez@unimilitar.edu.co
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Abstract: The main focus of this work is acomprehensive overview on the development of the scaffold structures were investigated. Mechanical performances of these structures were commented with advantages and disadvantages. This review combines the current development of science and technology and the actual needs of people for biological applications for mimicking the behavior of native tissue mechanics, tissue engineering and soft robotics. Several design strategies were proposed for achieving different design goals. Final results for mechanical characterization and performance analysis of auxetic scaffolds are discussed. There are more natural tissues that have not yet been explored or mimicked, a promising field for tissue engineering.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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BIFEO3-(1-X)BATIO3 AROUND THE MORPHOTROPIC PHASE BOUNDARY
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HERRERA ALVARO 1, LONDOÑO BADILLO FERNANDO ANDRÉS 2, AMAYA ZABALA SEBASTIAN 3, ECHAVARRIA ISAZA ADRIANA 4, SILVA SANCHEZ DAVID 5,
1 Universidad de Antioquia, 2 Universidad de Antioquia , 3 Universidad de Antioquia, 4 Universidad de Antioquia, 5 Universidad de Antioquia,
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Email: david.silvas@udea.edu.co
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Abstract: Currently, there is a great interest in improving memory devices, being BiFeO3 an important material because of the coexistence of ferroelectricity and antiferromagnetism at room temperature that experiments this material. Nevertheless, a high leakage current limits the ferroelectric properties of BiFeO3. Therefore, creating BiFeO3 solutions with BaTiO3 improves the ferroelectric properties of BiFeO3 and optimizes the magnetoelectric coupling factor. In this work, the changes of the structural and microstructural properties of the xBiFeO3-(1-x)BaTiO3 system (for x = 0.66, 0.68, and 0.70) around the morphotropic phase boundary is presented. Particles with a homogeneous microstructure and size less than 1µm with the presence of agglomerations in the calcined powder were observed. The calcination temperature was determined from thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis curves and the ceramic bodies were densified conventionally. The densification temperature allowed us to obtain a totally crystalline material with a high perovskite phase percentage of 93% and high density. In addition to the physical and microstructural properties, structural properties are presented and analyzed using Mossbauer spectroscopy as a complementary technique.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE MADE USING LOW-DENSITY EXPANDED CLAY AGGREGATES
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PALACIOS PABÓN JOSÉ DANIEL 1, MARQUEZ PEÑARANDA JORGE FERNANDO 2, CACERES RUBIO JOSE RAFAEL 3,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 2 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 3 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,
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Email: joserafaelcr@ufps.edu.co
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Abstract: The typology of the concrete can be characterized knowing some physical and mechanical properties such as density and compressive strength. When concrete has a density lower than 2000 kg/m3 it is classified as lightweight concrete. On the other hand, when it has a compressive strength larger than 17.5 MPa it is accepted as a structural material. This work aims to identify how the physical and mechanical properties of concrete are affected when conventional aggregates (sand and crash stone) are replaced by thermally expanded clay aggregates. To achieve this objective, a comprehensive review of literature was complemented with the results of tests applied to real concrete samples. For the literature review, Web of Science and ScienceDirect® databases, several documentary sources, and scientific journals coming from regional, national and worldwide sources were consulted. The main differences between lightweight concrete and conventional concrete reported in literature are those associated to variations in density equilibrium, compressive strength and modulus of elasticity. With regard to the tests, 4 concrete mixes were made applying partial and total replace of conventional aggregates by thermally expanded clay aggregates. Also, an additional sample made of conventional concrete was used as control sample. 28 days after casting, the prepared concrete samples were subjected to tests to determine the physical and mechanical properties. Samples made using lightweight aggregates showed a reduction of volumetric weight or density equilibrium ranging from 10% to 50% of its initial value confirming that the produced material can be considered as lightweight concrete. A slight decrease was observed for the compressive strength of samples. However, all the tested concrete samples showed values of compressive strength greater than 17 MPa leading to consider this material as structural lightweight concrete. The decrease in compressive strength is directly related to the type of failure exhibited by lightweight concrete. The material behaves like a cement-sand paste and the failure extends along the lightweight aggregates in contrast with conventional concrete which uses to fail by adhesion between the coarse aggregate and the mortar paste. Finally, the modulus of elasticity can be as low as 60% of that measured in conventional concrete tests. This reduced value represents a disadvantage because lightweight concrete becomes more elastic and it is most difficult to guarantee an acceptable stiffness when it is used in structural elements.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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CHARACTERIZATION OF REFRACTORY BRICKS USED IN THE COKE PROCESSING KILNS IN COLOMBIA
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GELVES DÍAZ JOHN FREDDY 1, SÁNCHEZ MOLINA JORGE 2, SÁNCHEZ ZUÑIGA JESSICA 3,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 2 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 3 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,
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Email: arq.jessisanchez@gmail.com
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Abstract: Colombia is a territory with great mining potential, where mineral coal is one of its great references and generator of royalties for the nation [1]. Within the different classes of mineral coal, the metallurgical one plays a very significant role for the Colombian economy, since due to its good physicochemical properties it allows its transformation to high-quality coke which is quite in demand in international markets [1]. The departments of Boyacá, Cundinamarca, and Norte de Santander, are the main territories with the presence of production units dedicated to obtaining coke in Colombia [1]. According to a state report, there are more than 144 coke processing plants, which have more than 6400 processing kilns (90% beehive kilns), which are grouped into manufacturing units called "batteries" [1]. These traditional kilns, such as the “beehive”, require to withstand working temperatures that can range from 1000 °C inside the chamber to more than 1300 °C in the ducts and in the combustion zone prior to the chimney. The construction of this class of kilns requires the use of materials that withstand these temperatures, but in addition, the materials must have properties that reduce heat exchange by conduction, good mechanical resistance to compression, low reactivity with vapors (especially due to iron present in the brick), low thermal expansion and resistance to sudden changes in temperature (a typical situation in this industry, which occurs during the wetting of the coke to achieve the quenching of the material) [2]. In relation to the aforementioned, it has been possible to identify that for the refractory bricks that are currently used in the construction of this type of kiln (mainly manufactured on the Ubaté-Zipaquirá road and transferred by the builders to the three departments), there is very limited knowledge about the technological properties mentioned above. Therefore, the purpose of this work has been to identify the main physicochemical properties of these bricks in order to show their strengths and weaknesses. For this, techniques such as X-ray diffraction and fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, dilatometry, thermal conductivity, pyroscopic resistance, and percentage of water absorption have been used. The results obtained reveal high shrinkages in the analyzed material (> 4.0% at 1200 °C), an effect that may be associated with a low firing temperature in the factory, a fact that puts the stability of the kiln at risk once it is set in operation, especially in the dome or ceiling area that reaches very high temperatures. Likewise, a high presence of quartz in the material (40% or more) is evidenced, which could favor dilatometric changes and thermal shock due to the current handling of the kiln. From the chemical point of view, limited aluminum content is evidenced (between 22% and 23% located mainly in the amorphous fraction of the material) with respect to other reference refractories [3-4], which brings with it the beginning of the fusion of these materials close to 1360 °C, a fact that explains in a way many of the collapse problems that occur today. The iron contents are moderate (4.1% and 5.7%), but they could be enough to get to react and form iron carbide [4], from contact with the volatile phases of coal. The thermal conductivity obtained can be considered moderate (between 0.634 W/mK and 0.760 W/mK), which shows that this material has limited applications as an insulator, either in this industry or in the manufacturing of brick kilns where they are also often used [ 5]. The determination of the water absorption percentage shows values between 12% and 14%, results that support the hypothesis of the low firing temperature of the refractory brick, however, by means of electron microscopy it was possible to show that these materials also have large grain size that contributes to increased open porosity. These results, although they show aspects that are not so favorable in the materials currently used, are very useful, since they will allow producers to take actions in order to obtain a higher quality material, even with the mere fact of increasing the firing temperature it could be reduced the risks of contraction of the material once it has been put in place and it could also favor the formation of more stable and refractory phases such as mullite [3], which is currently at values below 5%.
[1] UPME 2012 Estudio de producción de coque y carbón metalúrgico, uso y comercialización
[2] Inoriza R 2003 Introducción a los materiales refractarios. Técnica Industrial, 248, 54
[3] Mesa 2011 Estudio de la producción de agregados mullíticos para la industria refractaria
[4]. Brosnan D 2004 Alumina-Silica Brick, in Refractories handbook. Taylor & Francis
[5] García, et al. 2010 Thermal conductivity de traditional ceramics, part II. Ceramics International, 36,2017-2024.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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CHARACTERIZATION OF SYNTHETIC ZEOLITE AND ITS APPLICATION AS A FILTERING SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION WATER IN THE OIL INDUSTRY.
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ROA ARDILA MANUEL FERNANDO 1, ROJAS DELGADO JONATHAN JAVIER 2, ORTEGÓN OVALLE DIVEY JULIANA 3, DIAZ SIERRA ELDER EDINSON 4, MEZA JORGE 5,
1 Universidad de Santander , 2 Universidad de Santander, 3 Universidad de Santander , 4 Universidad de Santander , 5 Universidad de Santander ,
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Email: dir.geologia@udes.edu.co
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Abstract: Zeolites are microporous minerals, with a composition of aluminosilicates, they have a tetrahedral structure, which weakly interacts with ions such as Ca + 2, Mg + 2, Na +, K +, these ions are easily exchanged in the pores of the structure, These characteristics make them candidate materials for use in metal removal processes. In addition, they have been used in the petrochemical industry as catalysts in oil refining processes.
The production waters generated in the oil industry, have high fat and oil content, in addition to a large amount of organic compounds, said water is used to reinject it into the wells with different treatments both for stimulation and for improved recovery, of quality The treatment transported and dissolved in it depends on this water to be effective in the producing formations, for this reason the need to develop technologies that allow improving the quality of said water, so that it does not interfere with the treatment to be injected, is imperative.
Faced with the panorama of improving the quality of production water, in order to guarantee the injection processes in oil fields, the evaluation of a zeolite is proposed, as a filtration and removal system of organic compounds in production waters, for this case it is I take the synthetic zeolite Cliloptilolite
An X-ray diffraction characterization of the synthetic zeolite Cliloptilolite was carried out, these results were analyzed using the PDF-4 database, where it was confirmed that it was sodium Cliloptilolite, with the presence of other crystalline phases such as quartz, Muscovite and albite, additionally elemental composition analysis and IR spectroscopy were carried out in order to better understand its structural properties and chemical composition, to use said zeolite as a filtering system for production water from the oil industry, the Methylene blue index of Cliloptilolite, obtaining high percentages of removal of said compound, taking into account the chemical structure of methylene blue, which has a polyaromatic structure, with heteroatoms such as nitrogen and sulfur, forming pyridine and thiophene groups, it is a molecule that has high similarity to molecules present in hydrocarbons, po r which is a good indicator of the filtering power of zeolite, in order to review the behavior of Cliloptilolite in a more real scenario, water-oil mixtures were prepared, using post-consumer cooking oil, and they were filtered by gravity into the material. , coming to observe removals of about 80%. These results position this type of minerals as promising filtration systems, for systems with a high load of organic compounds, a subsequent modification of it could lead to an improvement in filtration performance.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MATERIAL OF A CLAMP USED IN A MECHANICAL RESISTANCE TESTING MACHINE
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PEREZ RANGEL NAREN YESITH 1, ESPINEL BLANCO EDWIN 2, FLOREZ SOLANO EDER NORBERTO 3,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña, 2 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña, 3 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña,
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Email: enflorezs@ufpso.edu.co
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Abstract: The material of a clamp used to support the specimens in a universal resistance testing machine was characterized in order to determine if the material supports the stresses to which the piece is subjected. Initially, a visual inspection of the fracture presented in the material was carried out, later the material was characterized by arc and spark microscopy, metallography, and scanning electron microscopy. Visual inspection revealed that the jaw was stressed and exhibited a fracture corresponding to a brittle material, arc/spark optical emission spectrometry revealed the composition of the material. Metallography showed the typical martensite formation of medium carbon steels subjected to heat quenching treatment. Scanning electron microscopy showed carbide precipitation at the grain boundary, as well as the presence of voids and other metallic and non-metallic inclusions in the microstructure. Using the MatWeb online materials database with the results of the characterization, it was found that the material of the jaw is a water-tempered AISI 1040 steel, which was not subjected to adequate heat treatment, which led to the sudden fracture of the piece.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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COMPARISON OF THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF FIQUE NON WOVEN MATERIALS USING TWO MEASURING TECHNIQUES
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GUZMÁN LÓPEZ ROLANDO 1, GARCÍA SÁNCHEZ GABRIEL FERNANDO 2, ZULUAGA PALACIO SANTIAGO 3,
1 Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, 2 Universidad Industrial de Santander UIS, 3 Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana,
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Email: santiago.zuluaga@upb.edu.co
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Abstract: In this work, thermal conductivity was measured by two methods, the transient state method, and the steady-state method. The hot plate guard method (ASTM C177) was used to determine the thermal conductivity in steady-state and the thermal needle method (ASTM D5334) was used to determine the thermal conductivity in transient state. The thermal conductivity of fique nonwovens materials is calculated by using a semi-empirical approach based on the global thermal resistance concept. The influence the fique nonwovens density, frequency of strokes in thermal conductivity was studied, because density was one of the manufacturing parameters, that it was controlled during the preparation of sample by needle punching, where three levels of bulk density were used 50 kg/m3, 65 kg/m3 and 80 kg/m3.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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COMPOSITIONAL, THERMAL AND MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF KAOLIN TO OBTAIN METAKAOLIN AS A SUPPLEMENTARY ALTERNATIVE CEMENTITIOUS AGENT.
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HERNANDEZ CARRILLO CARLOS GABRIEL 1, TORRES RUBIO NELSON VIRGILIO 2, SARMIENTO ROJAS JORGE ANDRES 3,
1 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, 2 Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia , 3 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia,
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Email: jorge.sarmiento02@uptc.edu.co
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Abstract: Geopolymers are a robust source for the development of new cement with mechanical and physicochemical properties with higher performance than traditional cement; this supplementary alternative cement partially or totally replaces Portland cement and contributing to sustainable development and reduction of pollutant gas emissions that occur in the manufacture of conventional cement; consequently, it is of great importance the search for materials with high mechanical properties made from new formulations from materials used in different industries such as waste or calcination of clays at lower temperatures. In this respect, the present project is based on the possibility of incorporating metakaolin after thermogravimetric analysis to establish optimum calcination temperatures of kaolin (precursor) to elaborate geopolymers activated with sodium silicate (Na2SiO3). For this purpose, the characterization of precursors and mixtures was carried out to establish their elemental chemical composition and functional groups by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, characterization crystalline phases, and their variations were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, and microstructural changes evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The above characterization allowed the identification of calcination temperatures together with the establishment of compositional variations that allow their potential application as supplementary cementitious materials to mitigate the environmental effect generated by commercial cement.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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CORRELATION BETWEEN TENSILE STRENGTH AND HARDNESS IN WELDED JOINTS
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PERTUZ COMAS ALBERTO DAVID 1, BOHÓRQUEZ BECERRA OSCAR RODOLFO 2, CALDERÓN VERGEL LUIS MARIO 3, ROJAS MAURICIO 4,
1 Universidad Industrial de Santander , 2 GIC, School of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia., 3 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 4 GIEMA, School of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.,
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Email: andrsnov@gmail.com
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Abstract: Welding is one of the commonly used bonding methods for manufacturing metal structures or machine elements in the industry. The generation of heat-affected areas and microstructural changes caused by thermal impact are common phenomena of this application that produce changes in its resistance, affecting the base material. Variation in mechanical properties that occur due to joining methods is not contemplated during design calculations. In this work, a correlation was determined between tensile strength and hardness in ASTM A36 structural steel welded joints under the gas metal arc welding process. Standard applications were made to perform welding techniques and sample production for testing of mechanical properties of tensile strength and hardness under ASTM E8 and ASTM E92 standards. The data shows an existing correlation that can be established as the basis for designing machine elements or structures that are subjected to this joining method.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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EFFECT OF NATURAL FIBERS WITH AND WITHOUT ADDITIONAL TREATMENT IN MIXTURES OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT MORTAR
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HERNANDEZ CARRILLO CARLOS GABRIEL 1, MARTÍNEZ SUÁREZ CARLOS EDUARDO 2, GUTIERREZ OSCAR 3, VERA LÓPEZ ENRIQUE 4,
1 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, 2 Uptc, 3 Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, 4 Uptc,
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Email: enrique.vera@uptc.edu.co
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Abstract: For several decades, the exploitation of fossil fuels has provided the energy and raw materials necessary for the development of the construction sector and the production of artificial fibers used in cement mixtures; Despite the increase in greenhouse gases and the future decrease in non-renewable resources, these materials predominate in the market and there are no clear policies to reduce their use, thus the use of natural fibers has been considered a clear option for a replacement for synthetic fibers. Based on the above, this research focuses on the addition of natural fibers, hemp (cannabis sativa L) and fique (Furcraea andina), added to the mortar matrix, the previous fibers were superficially treated with sodium hydroxide and were added in concentrations of 1%, 2%, 5%, and 10%. Impregnation of inorganic sodium silicate compounds was carried out by immersing the fibers for 24 hours. Subsequently, the fibers were chemically characterized by infrared spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, and gravimetric techniques, determining the functional groups present and the microstructure. Mortar cubes (NTC 220) and mortar beams (NTC 120) were made evaluating the mechanical behavior with and without the addition of 1% natural fibers with and without treatment. From the above, it was obtained that the hemp fiber is the most resistant in its natural state with respect to the fique, and the chemical treatments and impregnation of the sodium silicate, improve the mechanical properties of the fibers and their adherence between the cementing matrix, in this way The fibers and the treatment used to improve the mechanical properties of the fibers and in the cement mixtures no substantial improvements were obtained in their strengths compared to the control.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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EFFECT OF THE CRYSTALLINE FIELD ON THE SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF THE ND3+ ION
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HERRERA ALVARO 1, GIRALDO MARCO ANTONIO 2, QUINTERO GÓMEZ XIOMARA 3,
1 Universidad de Antioquia, 2 Universidad de Antioquia, 3 Universidad de Antioquia,
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Email: xiomara.quintero@udea.edu.co
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Abstract: In this work was investigated a set of Nd3+ doped samples using spectroscopic technique and the Judd-Ofelt theory [1,2]. Precisely, investigations were carried out on the Nd:YALB, Nd:LSCAS, Nd:BNaPbAl, Nd:BNaPbAlTi glasses, Nd:YAG ceramics, and Nd:YVO4 and GdVO4 crystals. Using Judd-Ofelt theory were obtained various parameters such as transition probabilities (Ajj’), radiative lifetimes(𝜏R), and calculated branching ratios(𝛽jj'). Analyzing the Ωλ (λ = 2, 4, and 6) intensity parameters we get to conclude what is the best system among the investigated for specific proposes. The variation in Ω2 was discussed in terms of the covalent nature of the interaction between Nd3+ ion and the ligand field of the glass matrix. The parameter Ω4 presents a completely random behavior, being difficult to interpret its role in the matrix. Results obtained to enhance the usefulness of the glass and crystal systems in optical devices and laser.
References
[1] Hehlen M P, Brik M G, Krämer K W 2013 50th anniversary of the Judd-Ofelt theory: An experimentalist’s view of the formalism and its application, J. Lumin. 136 221–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2012.10.035
[2] Ofelt G S 1962 Intensities of crystal spectra of rare-earth ions, J. Chem. Phys. 37 511–520. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1701366
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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EFFECT OF THE INCORPORATION OF GOLD AND SILVER NANOPARTICLES IN THE SPECTROSCOPY PROPERTIES OF ND3+ DOPED IN GEO2 -PBO GLASS
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HERRERA ALVARO 1, GIRALDO MARCO ANTONIO 2, CARDONA ALEXANDRA 3,
1 Universidad de Antioquia, 2 Universidad de Antioquia, 3 Universidad de Antioquia,
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Email: alexandram.cardona@udea.edu.co
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Abstract: The vitreous system GeO2- PbO is a material with applications in optoelectronics due to its optical and structural properties [1,2]. This vitreous system has the capacity to serve as a host material for the incorporation of rare-earth ions in its trivalent state (RE3+). Within the so-called RE3+ group, Nd3+ plays an important role in laser, medical and nano-biological areas, among others [3–5]. The incorporation of metal nanoparticles has shown the enhancement of emission intensities due to the plasmonic effect [6]. In this work, gold and silver metal nanoparticles were synthesized via ionic implantation using an energy of 500 KeV with a dose of 1x10^16 ions/cm2. The Judd-Ofelt parameters Ω𝜆 (𝜆=2,4,6) for the Nd3+ in the vitreous system 59GeO2-41PbO -1Nd2O3 were calculated with and without the metal nanoparticles with the aim of obtaining the effects on the spectroscopic properties. Parameters such as the emission probability (AJJ'), the lifetime of the excited state (𝜏R), and luminescence branching ratio (𝛽JJ') were also calculated. The participation of gold and silver metal nanoparticles in the glass network induces modification in the structure of the chemical environment around the Nd3+ ion due to the generated electromagnetic field, which consequently influences the values of the spectroscopical parameters.
References:
[1] Herrera A, R.G. Fernandes R G, De Camargo A S S, Hernandes A C, Buchner S, Jacinto C, Balzaretti N M 2016 Visible-NIR emission and structural properties of Sm3+ doped heavy-metal oxide glass with composition B2O3-PbO-Bi2O3-GeO2, J. Lumin. 171 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2015.10.065
[2] Balda R, Fernández J, Sanz M, Oleaga A, De Pablos A, Fernández-Navarro J 1999 Site-selective spectroscopy of Nd3+ ions in heavy metal oxide glasses, J. Non. Cryst. Solids. 256 271–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3093(99)00329-4
[3] Pfau C, Skrzypczak U, Ahrens B, Schweizer S 2014 Multiphonon relaxation in rare-earth-doped fluorozirconate-based glasses containing BaCl2 nanocrystals., J. Physics. Condens. Matter. 26 025406. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24334404
[4] Xu B, Zhang X, Huang W, Yang Y, Ma Y, Gu Z, Zhai T, Zhao Y 2016 Nd3+ sensitized dumbbell-like upconversion nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy application, J. Mater. Chem. B https://doi.org/10.1039/c6tb00542j
[5] Wei T, Tian Y, Tian C, Jing X, Cai M, Zhang J, Zhang L, Xu S 2015 Comprehensive evaluation of the structural, absorption, energy transfer, luminescent properties, and near-infrared applications of the neodymium-doped germanate glass, J. Alloys Compd. 618 95–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.08.139
[6] Su K H, Wei Q H, Zhang X, Mock J J, Smith D R, Schultz S 2003 Interparticle coupling effects on plasmon resonances of nanogold particles, Nano Lett. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl034197f
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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EFFECTS OF ALKALINE TREATMENTS ON NATURAL FIBERS
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MARTÍNEZ SUÁREZ CARLOS EDUARDO 1, GUTIERREZ OSCAR 2, ROJAS MONTEJO PAULA GABRIELA 3,
1 Uptc, 2 Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, 3 Universidad pedagógica y tecnológica de colombia,
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Email: paula.rojas02@uptc.edu.co
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Abstract: The modern world requires sustainable alternatives that allow reducing the production of materials that are harmful to humans and the environment. In recent years the consequences on the health of many people have been devastating, therefore, various investigations have been carried out in order to guarantee the use of sustainable and quality materials, which has encouraged the search for biomaterials that also contribute to an economic and social balance. In this research, analyzes of the alkalization effects of three types of natural fibers (fique, pineapple, and linen) were carried out, taking into account the various uses in the construction sector. Likewise, analyzes of the results obtained were carried out in order to identify a specific treatment that improves the physical, chemical, mechanical, and hydrophobic characteristics of natural fibers in order to obtain quality fibers and encourage further research on its use in engineering industry. Two chemical treatments were carried out on the natural fibers, the first using a surface treatment and the second using a chemical reactor. The surface treatments were carried out by leaving the fibers immersed for a certain time and at room temperature. The surface cleaning of the fiber was carried out, using sodium hydroxide, immersed in the solution for 1, 2, 8, and 24 hours, in the same way, calcium carbonate in concentrations of 30%, 50%, 80%, and 100%. On the other hand, a fiber impregnation treatment was carried out using sodium silicate, at a concentration of 68% for a single time of 24 hours. The second treatment consisted of subjecting the fibers to a chemical reactor at a temperature of 30 °C, for 30 and 60 minutes, using the compounds of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate at concentrations of 1%, 5%, and 10%. calcium carbonate in concentrations of 30%, 50%, and 100% in the same time periods. Hydrophobicity tests were carried out, optical microscopy tests with which the diameter and cross-sectional area of the fibers were determined before and after having been subjected to the different treatments. Finally, tensile tests were carried out according to the ASTM D3822-01 standard, by means of a 24 factorial design from which 510 specimens were made for the surface treatments and 270 for the treatments in the reactor. The results show those surface treatments: eliminate some components of the fibers such as lignins and hemicelluloses, being more noticeable in the treatment with sodium hydroxide. Likewise, an increase in the crystallization of the three fibers is evidenced with the calcium carbonate treatment, improving the mechanical properties of the fiber, while the sodium silicate improves hydrophobicity. The results of the chemical reactor treatments showed similar improvements compared to the surface treatments.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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ELABORATION OF AN ECO-BRICK BASED ON MANURE, COFFEE STEM AND CEMENT
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GÓMEZ CAMPEROS JULY ANDREA 1, JARAMILLO HAIDEE Y. 2, GUEVARA WILMER 3,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 2 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña, 3 Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje SENA,
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Email: wguevara@sena.edu.co
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Abstract: This research seeks to develop new materials that contribute to sustainable construction with thermal characteristics and mechanical strength, having as object of study the sustainable construction articulated with the sustainable development goals provided by the United Nations, so a quantitative methodology was established to determine their physical-mechanical characteristics and costs, where the materials to be used in the development eco-brick are coffee stem, a binder such as general use cement and beef cow manure, as instruments were necessary a metal mold for the brick form, mixer, and minor tool, this with the purpose that any community can develop it, since it does not require industrialized ovens or drying. In the results it was observed that the Eco bricks with a dosage of 2:3, presented a resistance of 4.5 MPa, in addition, it was observed that the test pieces do not present fractures after having carried out the test; likewise, the densities of the blocks correspond to medium type blocks according to the Colombian technical norm. From this it can be concluded that the eco-bricks are suitable to be used as non-structural dividing elements, so we seek to promote the rational use of available resources, applying the technique that generates the elaboration of environmentally friendly bricks and strengthening innovation processes in the creation of new materials.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF NIFE2O4 THIN FILMS GROWTH ON DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES
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ARNACHE OSCAR 1, OSTOS CARLOS 2, GIL MONSALVE JOHANNA 3, MARTÍNEZ MARCELO 4, URIBE JOSÉ IGNACIO 5, OSORIO JAIME ALBERTO 6,
1 Universidad de Antioquia, 2 Universidad de Antioquia, 3 Universidad de Antioquia, 4 Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C. (CIMAV), 5 Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Institución Universitaria Salazar y Herrera-IUSH, 6 Universidad de Antioquia,
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Email: jaime.osorio@udea.edu.co
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Abstract: Inverse spinel of nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) has been investigated extensively due to its potential applications in magnetic components such as resonators, tunable signal filters, and, more recently, in spintronics [1,2]. For an ideal inverse spinel, B sites are occupied mainly by Ni2+ ions, while half of the Fe3+ ions occupy A sites and the other half B sites [3]. In this study NiFe2O4, thin films have been grown on Si(100), MgO(100), and SrTiO3-100 single-crystal substrates by using radio frequency magnetron sputtering. In order to investigate the electronic structure of NiFe2O4 films, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy were employed. The thin films were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to obtain information about the oxidation states. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra of Fe 3p indicated the presence of Fe2+ and Fe3+ species in the films; also, Ni2+ and Ni3+ were identified in the spectra of Ni 3p. An atomic ratio of 2.0 was found for Fe/Ni, which is in agreement with the nominal atomic ratio. By means of reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy found band gaps between 1.7 eV and 1.96 eV. The magnetic properties were analyzed by vibrating sample magnetometry, indicating in-plane easy magnetization for the nickel ferrite growth in SrTiO3-100 and the highest coercive field for the silicon sample.
[1] Dileep K, et al. 2014 Probing optical band gaps at the nanoscale in NiFe2O4 and CoFe2O4 epitaxial films by high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy Journal of Applied Physics 116(10) 103505
[2] Solís Cecilia, et al. 2014 Particular transport properties of NiFe2O4 thin films at high temperatures The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 118(42) 24266-24273
[3] Arboleda J D, et al. 2018 Evidence of the spin Seebeck effect in Ni-Zn ferrites polycrystalline slabs Solid State Communications 270 140-146
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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ESTIMATION OF MECHANICAL MILLING CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETERS TO EXPLAIN THE STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF TIO2
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ESPITIA RICO MIGUEL 1, ORTEGA LÓPEZ CÉSAR 2, SÁNCHEZ PACHECO LUIS CARLOS 3,
1 Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, 2 Universidad de Córdoba, 3 Universidad de Cordoba,
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Email: luiscarlos@correo.unicordoba.edu.co
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Abstract: Were determined mechanical milling parameters (impact velocity, collision energy, impact pressure, impacted powder temperature, etc.) to explain the structural transformation of TiO2 obtained by medium-energy ball milling. The effects of milling time (6 and 24 hours) on the polymorphic transformation and the evolution of the powder characteristics of TiO2 during milling process was investigated using X-ray diffraction accompanied of Rietveld refinement. The results of our calculations and experiments confirm that polymorphic transformation of anatase to srilankite and rutile takes place at high temperatures and high pressures in the milling. Furthermore, amorphization of crystalline phases occurred accompanied of decrease in the crystallite size (in the range of nanometers) as the milling time increased.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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EVALUATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NOPAL (OPUNTIA FICUS INDICA) AS BIO COAGULANT-FLOCCULANT FOR WATER TREATMENT
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HERNANDEZ CARRILLO CARLOS GABRIEL 1, GÓMEZ CUASPUD JAIRO ALBERTO 2, RIVERA CAÑÓN ANDRÉS FERNANDO 3,
1 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, 2 Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia, 3 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia,
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Email: andresfernando.rivera@uptc.edu.co
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Abstract: Currently, there is a worldwide reduction in the supply of drinking water, caused by the contamination of water bodies due to the use of domestic and industrial activities; therefore, efforts have been made to improve the efficiency of water purification processes. For this reason, various chemical treatments have been formulated for the removal of pollutants by coagulation and flocculation and implementing inorganic compounds that require other removal treatments. As an alternative, economical, efficient, and renewable plant species have been used, together with the use of natural resources of the region. Therefore, the present research conducted a characterization of the species Opuntia ficus indica or Nopal for its potential use as a natural coagulant and flocculant. For this purpose, the species was subjected to botanical, bromatological, and thermogravimetric characterization for the identification of some physicochemical characteristics related to the capacities of interest. Subsequently, its mucilage was extracted and pulverized by gravimetric and heating techniques for chemical evaluation through functional groups by vibrational spectroscopy and elemental chemical composition by X-ray energy dispersive in scanning electron microscopy. The results obtained allowed identifying the potential use of nopal as a coagulant and flocculant, thanks to the molecular content formed by polysaccharides, proteins, and other compounds that allow the adsorption or chelation of minerals and heavy metals, together with the interactions generated between molecules by hydrogen bridges that produce coagulation, flocculation and subsequent removal of contaminants.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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EVALUATION OF SPECIFIED AND MANUFACTURED COLOMBIAN COMMERCIAL CEMENTS BY PERFORMANCE
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HERNANDEZ CARRILLO CARLOS GABRIEL 1, TORRES RUBIO NELSON VIRGILIO 2, SARMIENTO ROJAS JORGE ANDRES 3,
1 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, 2 Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia , 3 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia,
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Email: jorge.sarmiento02@uptc.edu.co
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Abstract: Cement is the largest manufactured material used for construction in Colombia and the world because of its durability, versatility, and economy. In addition, its contribution is fundamental to modern socio-economic development, and its supply has increased exponentially. However, this industry faces great challenges, due to the high cost of energy resources and large emissions of greenhouse gases together with the atmospheric pollutants generated in the production processes. Due to the above, the regulations prescribing Portland cement according to their chemical composition changed subsequent to the creation of the NTC 121 standard of 2014, adapted from ASTM C-1157, establishes the scope of specifications covering hydraulic cement for general and special applications through performance requirements without restrictions on composition. Therefore, the present research formulated a characterization of compositional components of commercial cement for general use in Colombia, through a physical characterization by establishing variations in particle size and morphology by scanning electron microscopy. Likewise, a compositional characterization by fluorescence and X-ray diffraction was carried out. Subsequently, setting times and mechanical resistance to compression, the latter in mortars, were evaluated. The results allowed establishing little compositional variation and relatively similar characteristics to traditional Portland cement; however, a reduction in setting times due to C3A and an increase in C4AF was observed, the latter caused by the increase in iron, possibly due to the inclusion of supplementary alternative cementitious agents. Thanks to the present research, a high-quality control in the manufacture of general-purpose cement, the possible inclusion of recycled components, and a relationship of their components with the physical and chemical properties identified in the hardening process were established.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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EVALUATION OF THE EXPANSION CAPACITY OF THE CLAYS OF SAN JOSÉ DE CÚCUTA, COLOMBIA, WHEN SUBJECTED TO CALCINATION AT TEMPERATURES ABOVE 1000 °C
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PALACIOS PABÓN JOSÉ DANIEL 1, MARQUEZ PEÑARANDA JORGE FERNANDO 2, CACERES RUBIO JOSE RAFAEL 3,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 2 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 3 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,
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Email: joserafaelcr@ufps.edu.co
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Abstract: Viscoplasticity and pyroplasticity of clays are important characteristics to control in the production processes of low-density aggregates for lightweight concrete. When clay is calcined under temperatures between 1000 °C and 1300 °C, it tends to increase its volume. For this reason, it is important to investigate know how much volume can gain a given clay before to be used in production of lightweight aggregates. To contribute to this knowledge, this research work has evaluated the expansive capacity of clays in the City of San José de Cúcuta, Colombia, applying them static heat treatment in furnaces at temperatures above 1000 °C. The theoretical background of this work is based on what is reported in the state of the art of production processes of light clay-based aggregates. To determine if the if the clay is a precursor of light aggregate, research works reported by Riley (1951), Cougny (1991) and Dondi (2016) were followed. Also physicochemical characteristics were determined using X-ray fluorescence tests. The raw material was chosen from several clays existing in the city of San José de Cúcuta. The clays were processed until having particles with diameters less than 180 µm with which pellets between 10 mm and 15 mm in diameter were formed. In order to determine the expansion capacity and the volumetric density decrease, the volume and weight were measured, before and after applying the heat treatments. When the clay presented a low expansion capacity, technological nutrients were added to the mixtures attempting to maximize the expansion capacity of the pellets. The studied clays presented a swelling of up to 2 times their initial size. Technological nutrients were chosen to be based on organic matter and were applied in a proportion of 1:4, that is, one gram of technological nutrient was added to 4 g of clay. The density of manufactured aggregates resulted to be between 0.9 g/m3 and 1.1 g/m3. This range of values indicates that some of the manufactured expanded clay aggregates have densities lower than the density of water and could float on water.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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EVALUATION OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF A CONCRETE BLOCK OBTAINED FROM ASPHALT PAVEMENT MILLING MATERIAL
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GÓMEZ CAMPEROS JULY ANDREA 1, JARAMILLO HAIDEE Y. 2, QUINTERO-QUINTERO WILDER 3,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 2 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña, 3 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña,
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Email: quinterowilder@ufpso.edu.co
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Abstract: The main objective of this work is to evaluate the behavior of recycled asphalt pavement milling material as a possible raw material for obtaining masonry concrete blocks for construction as an alternative to improve the mechanical properties of concrete blocks. For the development of the experimental analysis, cubes of 50 mm were obtained from the concrete design mixtures based on different percentages of recycled asphalt pavement milling material of 25%, 50%, and 75%, taking into account the Colombian technical standard (NTC, for its acronym in Spanish), NTC 220, NTC 4024, and NTC 4076 standards guidelines, for the evaluation of mechanical properties in curing periods of 7, 14 and 28 days. Laboratory analyzes demonstrate that the major compressive strength performance was present in the 50 mm cube samples for the 25% recycled asphalt pavement milling material concrete mix composition for a 28 day cure period. Subsequently, with this result, 12 blocks of dimensions 9×17×34 cm, with two holes of 4.3 × 10 cm were elaborated for the evaluation of the mechanical properties related to tests of water absorption, resistance to compression, humidity, and density with the aim to establish their structural use as blocks in masonry for construction. Finally, it is concluded that the concrete blocks obtained with the addition of recycled asphalt pavement milling material are useful for applications in the masonry industry for construction, being materials that contribute to sustainable development, the environment, and therefore the efficient use of non-renewable resources.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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IMPACT OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL STEEL BY THREE TRANSFER MODES IN GAS METAL ARC WELDING
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BOHÓRQUEZ BECERRA OSCAR RODOLFO 1, DIAZ NOVA DIEGO ARMANDO 2, MARTINEZ MANUEL DEL JESUS 3,
1 GIC, School of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia., 2 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 3 Universidad Industrial de Santander,
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Email: mjmartin@uis.edu.co
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Abstract: Great advantages such as high strength and reliability have been acquired in manufacturing through permanent bonding processes such as welding. Electric arc welding under the name gas metal arc welding is one of the most widely used welding processes due to its high productivity index and the quality of its weld beads. The application parameterization allows three modes of metal transfer to be developed which depend on voltage and amperage. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the base material are modified with the modes of metal transfer, due to the heat input that must be made to be able to join them, without having numerically quantified the level of affectation. In this work, the application of transfer modes on structural steel was developed following the normative models that govern technology and industry. Experimental procedures of microscopy and mechanical tests were applied to determine correlations between the mechanical properties and the parameters established during the application, the microstructures were reviewed in contrast to the results obtained.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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IMPLEMENTATION OF SACHA INCHI OIL AS ASPHALTITE SOLVENT
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ROA ARDILA MANUEL FERNANDO 1, BUSTOS MORALES NATHALY LUISANA 2, JEREZ EDITH 3, ROA DIEGO 4, GAMARRA ALTAHONA CAMILO JOSÉ 5, RODRIGUEZ SILVA NATHALIA 6,
1 Universidad de Santander , 2 Universidad de Santander, 3 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 4 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 5 Universidad de Santander, 6 Universidad de Santander,
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Email: buc17242004@mail.udes.edu.co
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Abstract: The high demand for conventional energy resources such as light crude oils, has led to a shortage of reserves of this type of fluids, which is why energy resources such as extra-heavy crude oils and asphaltites have become prominent alternatives as energy substitutes for the so-called conventional hydrocarbons, but these types of substances have operational difficulties for their use, due to their high viscosities, the viscosity of an extra heavy crude can exceed one million centipoise at room temperature, and asphaltites are solid substances at room temperature, reason which is why they are not compatible with the current transportation and refining methods used in the oil industry, for this reason the development of technologies that make it possible to take advantage of these energy resources is imperative, and one of them is to apply solvents or substances that allow to improve their solubility and mobility, the present investigation On, uses a traditional product from the Amazon, which is Sacha Inchi oil as asphaltite solvent, it was observed that asphaltite has a solubility in the oil of up to 70% w / w solutions, obtaining single-phase mixtures , on the other hand with addition. This is why the development of technologies and additives around Sacha Inchi oil and its derivatives is promising.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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MECHANICAL AND COMPOSITIONAL EVALUATION OF GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG MORTARS ALKALINE-ACTIVATED BY NA2SIO3/NA2CO3
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HERNANDEZ CARRILLO CARLOS GABRIEL 1, TORRES RUBIO NELSON VIRGILIO 2, SARMIENTO ROJAS JORGE ANDRES 3,
1 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, 2 Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia , 3 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia,
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Email: jorge.sarmiento02@uptc.edu.co
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Abstract: Alkaline-activated slags are a robust source for the development of new cement with better mechanical and physicochemical properties than traditional cement and contribute to sustainable development by reducing pollutant gas emissions. Consequently, the importance of reusing industrial wastes and activating agents allows the generation of new materials with high mechanical properties influenced by the activating agents. Therefore, the present research is based on the addition of a mixture of Na2SiO3/Na2CO3 silicate at 3.5 M concentration, dosed at 40%, 50%, and 60% concentration in granulated blast furnace slag pastes as a cementitious agent, evaluated by mechanical resistance to compression at ages of 3, 7 and 28 days of curing at room temperature. The results obtained showed higher strengths when dosing Na2SiO3/Na2CO3 with 60% addition; subsequently, mortars were formulated with limestone as filler with 20-30 granulometry and subsequent evaluation of the mechanical compressive strength, which generated higher mechanical performances up to a 15% increase compared to traditional calcareous cement. Subsequently, the slag mortar was characterized by studying its crystalline structure by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis together with the microstructural changes evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and their correlation and influence of the activator in slag-based mortars on the reactions. Thanks to this experimentation, it was possible to establish the implementation of the best dosages in paste mixtures and mortars made of supplementary cementitious material in various engineering applications together with the environmental benefit of reusing industrial wastes.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF CONCRETE AND MORTAR REINFORCED WITH BANANA FIBERS (MUSA PARADISIACA) OR WITH COMMERCIAL POLYPROPYLENE FIBERS
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MARTÍNEZ SUÁREZ CARLOS EDUARDO 1, VERA LÓPEZ ENRIQUE 2, CEPEDA ANA ALEXANDRA 3, ANGARITA CAMILO 4,
1 Uptc, 2 Uptc, 3 Uptc, 4 Uptc,
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Email: ing.angarita10@gmail.com
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Abstract: Some mechanical characteristics of concrete and mortar reinforced with banana fibers (PT) were studied, contrasting with specimens added with polypropylene fibers, which were dosed at 0.5% and 1.5% in relation to the weight of the cement and in lengths of 2 cm and 4 cm, additionally, the results were analyzed with respect to the control specimen to identify the differences in the behavior of the specimens with and without fibro-reinforcement. The results show that the banana fibers fiber in low percentages and long lengths increases the resistance to the indirect tension of the concrete and to the bending in the mortar, surpassing in some cases the batches with and without polypropylene fibers reinforcement. For the residual stress test, natural fibers do not provide significant improvements to the post-cracking behavior of concrete compared to synthetic fiber, which increases the compressive and flexural strength of mortar, being dosed in high percentages and long lengths.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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PROCEDURE TO MEASURE THICKNESS IN CERAMIC METALLICS THIN FILMS WITH ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY
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PERTUZ COMAS ALBERTO DAVID 1, VILLAMIZAR MORA CARLOS MAURICIO 2, OSPINA OSPINA ROGELIO 3,
1 Universidad Industrial de Santander , 2 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 3 Universidad Industrial de Santander,
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Email: rospinao@saber.uis.edu.co
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Abstract: In this work, a proceeding used in atomic force microscopy to measure the thickness and watch the characteristic growth on ceramic thin films is shown. The process can be applied to coatings manufactured by any plasma-assisted physical vapor deposition or plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition growing system. To show this method, Ti-Zr-O-N coatings were deposited on Si (111) substrates, using the pulsed laser deposition technique. The samples were coated under a pressure of about 1x10^-5 Pa, at room temperature and with a constant flow of dry air, energy pulse of 30 mJ during 5 min. A permanent marker point was located at each substrate before the deposition process, later it was removed easily with acetone. Because of its bad adherence, a step is formed, allowing the measure with the atomic force microscopy tip and obtain the thickness value in this area. Additionally, was possible to see the columnar growth shape of the coatings, common in this technique.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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RAMAN-BASED TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF COALS COLOMBIAN
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ESTUPIÑAN DURAN HUGO ARMANDO 1, ARENAS GUSTAVO NEIRA 2, ROSERO ROMO JAMES JANDERSON 3,
1 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 3 Universidad Nacional de Colombia,
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Email: jjroseror@unal.edu.co
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Abstract: This research presents the analysis of the thermal conductivity κ of Colombian coals in anthracite, semi-anthracite, and lignite ranges, using the Raman opto-thermal technique, the method also allowed us to know the different functional groups that may be present on the surface of the coals. These groups can be polar or not, affecting the surface potential. Also, the morphology and the percentage of carbon and oxygen that these samples have were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis, corroborating the carbon rank. The topography and the surface potential were analyzed by atomic force microscopy in the electric force microscopy-kelvin probe force microscopy mode, a relationship was found between the carbon range and the surface potential, due to the possible functional groups associated with its different maceral composition. The mechanical properties as modulus and dissipation energy Edis were investigated statically employing force/distance curve maps taken in a PinPoint mode in an atomic force microscope.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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STRUCTURAL AND MICROSTRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR OF KNN:ND IN THE FUNCTION OF POWDER SYNTHESIS PROCESS
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DÁVILA ESPINOSA LUISA FERNANDA 1, LONDOÑO BADILLO FERNANDO ANDRÉS 2, QUINTERO GÓMEZ MARIA CLARA 3,
1 Universidad de Antioquia , 2 Universidad de Antioquia , 3 universidad de Antioquia ,
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Email: Clara.quintero@udea.edu.co
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Abstract: In this work, the synthesis of KNN:Nd powders was carried out by means of three synthesis methods (mixture of oxides, hydrothermal and pechini methods). The powders obtained presented different microstructural characteristics (no homogeneous microstructure, formation of agglomerates, size, and particle shape) in the function of the synthesis method. From them, and thermogravimetric analysis, changes in calcination temperatures were also found as a function of synthesis methods. Structural characteristics allow deducing that there are not secondary phases in KNN:Nd powders obtained by a mixture of oxides and secondary phase formation when the powders were obtained by hydrothermal and pechini methods.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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STRUCTURAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL STUDY OF TICN, CRALN, AND TIALN COATINGS DEPOSITED IN PUNCHES
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DEVIA NARVÁEZ DIANA 1, DEVIA-NARVÁEZ DIEGO FERNANDO 2, OSPINA ARROYAVE SANTIAGO 3,
1 Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, 2 Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, 3 Universidad Nacional de Colombia ,
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Email: msospinaa@unal.edu.co
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Abstract: This paper presents an analysis and comparison of the tribological performance of TiCN, CrAlN, and TiAlN coatings, deposited by magnetron sputtering on S600 steel punches, used for the manufacture of the Male Bed Hinge®. The films were studied structurally and morphologically, carrying out tests. The correlation between the wear behavior in rolling contact and the mechanical properties of ternary coatings is reported using the Pin-on-Disk Technique; the wear marks are studied to observe the deformation behavior produced by the tests carried out. The influences of the structure and composition of the coatings on the mechanical and tribological behavior during the rolling wear tests are discussed.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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STRUCTURE AND MICROSTRUCTURE BEHAVIOR OF FE3+ DOPED KNN POWDERS
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LONDOÑO BADILLO FERNANDO ANDRÉS 1, AMAYA ZABALA SEBASTIAN 2, ECHAVARRIA ISAZA ADRIANA 3, COLORADO LOPERA HENRY ALONSO 4, ROCA ROMAN 5,
1 Universidad de Antioquia , 2 Universidad de Antioquia, 3 Universidad de Antioquia, 4 Universidad de Antioquia, 5 Universidad de Antioquia,
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Email: cortes116@yahoo.es,
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Abstract: In this paper, the synthesis and characterization of the K0,5Na0,5NbO3+x%Fe (x = 0.5,1.0,1.5) powders have been studied. The powders produced in this work exhibit no homogeneous microstructure, which introduced the growth of random cylindrical structures. The average particle size is 3 μm with the formation of agglomerations, and with an increase in the size of these clusters with the increase in the amount of iron. The calcination temperature was 950°C. In addition to the physical and microstructural evaluation, structural properties are presented and analyzed for the first time using Mossbauer spectroscopy as a complementary technique in Fe3+ doped KNN powders.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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STUDY OF THE HYDROPHOBICITY OF CERAMIC MATERIALS BY THERMOGRAVIMETRIC
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BARON GISELLE 1, MONTAÑO ANGARITA ANGELA MARCELA 2, GONZALEZ CUERVO CLAUDIA PAULINA 3,
1 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 2 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 3 Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana,
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Email: claudia.gonzalez@upb.edu.co
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Abstract: Ceramic materials are widely known for their hydrophilic nature, which facilitates their use in removal processes, however, for some studies, these materials with high sorption capacity are also required to be selective on their surface, preventing the passage of molecules of water to its structure. In this work, the sorbent behavior of a ceramic that was sintered at 1100 ºC is evaluated, before and after undergoing an increase in its hydrophobicity by functionalization with chlorotrimethylsilane for 3 hours. The specimens were subjected to sorption processes in water, with monitoring by thermogravimetry at a temperature of 1000 ºC for 3 hours. It was found that the treated specimens do not present a representative water sorption, compared to the non-functionalized materials, which retain up to 70% of water in their structure. In turn, the behavior and stability of the functionalizing agent are studied, observing that this, depending on the length of the chain that is formed on the surface, will be stable at higher temperatures. This allows these systems to be used at temperatures ranging from room temperature to approximately 125 ºC, at which temperature the shorter chains of functionalizing agent begin to degrade.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CERIUM DOPED LANTHANUM FERRITES
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ARNACHE OSCAR 1, SÁNCHEZ PACHECO LUIS CARLOS 2, OVIEDO CUETER JUAN MANUEL 3, CABALLERO CARMONA SAMIR ANTONIO 4, MUNEVAR CAGIGAS JULIAN 5,
1 Universidad de Antioquia, 2 Universidad de Cordoba, 3 Universidad de Córdoba, 4 Universidad de Córdoba, 5 Universidad Federal Do ABC,
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Email: julianmunevar@gmail.com
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Abstract: Lanthanum ferrites doped with cerium at 0% at, 1% at, 3% at, and 5% at. were synthesized by the Sol-Gel method with calcination temperatures of 700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C. The synthesized samples were studied using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and magnetization curves. The identified phase for samples corresponds to an orthorhombic perovskite structure with Pbnm (# 62) space group without the presence of impurity phases. Changes in structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of samples were observed, associated with the presence of cerium.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND TEMPORAL EVALUATION OF THE CONCENTRATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES
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PEÑA RODRIGUEZ GABRIEL 1, PADILLA SIERRA HILDA ANGELICA 2, CHAVES GIOVANNI 3,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 2 universidad francisco de paula santander, 3 Universidad Francisco De Paula Santander,
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Email: gchavesb@ufps.edu.co
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Abstract: The electrochemical technique in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles has advantages over other methods due to the simplicity in the control of the variables and the possibility of minimizing nucleation phenomena, growth, and reaction speed. As electrodes for the synthesis of the silver nanoparticles, two cylindrical silver rods (goodfellow®) of high purity (99.99%), 10 cm long and 3 mm in diameter, 2 cm apart, were coupled to a generator (Colloidal Silver Generator® model 1001), working at a potential difference of 24 V. 200 ml of Milli-Q deionized water was used as an electrolytic medium. The total synthesis time was 1 hour at room temperature, where the concentration of silver nanoparticles was measured by total dissolved solids in the water, reporting 18 ppm at 1 hour. The temporal evaluation of the formation of the silver nanoparticles was analyzed every five minutes during the synthesis time, measuring the concentration of total dissolved solids at each instant; the HandyLab 680 FK multi-parameter of SI-Analytic was used for this purpose. The determination of the resonance wavelength (λ) of the superficial plasmons of the silver nanoparticles was carried out by finding the maximum absorbance by Uv-Vis spectrophotometry (Thermo Scientific ® GENESYS 10S series), with a λ = 423 nm. The chemical composition was performed using X-ray scattered energy spectroscopy, while the morphology and particle size were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM-Tecnai G2 F20 from FEI Quanta), obtaining sizes less than 50 nm, with spheroidal morphology without aggregation, which was analyzed using free software (ImageJ). Our results show an optimal synthesis of silver nanoparticles, which can be used for the inhibition of fungi, viruses, and bacteria present in soils and waters, which affect the quality of different crops.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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THERMAL AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SYNTHETIC ZEOLITE AND ITS EVALUATION AS A MICROWAVE RADIATION SUSCEPTOR
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ROA ARDILA MANUEL FERNANDO 1, LIZCANO ARIAS ASTRID CAROLINA 2, BRAND GALVIS JOHAN ALEXANDER 3, DIAZ SIERRA ELDER EDINSON 4, MEZA JORGE 5,
1 Universidad de Santander , 2 Universidad de Santander (UDES), 3 Universidad de Santander, 4 Universidad de Santander , 5 Universidad de Santander ,
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Email: dir.geologia@udes.edu.co
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Abstract: Zeolites are used mainly in construction processes, metal separation to aqueous dumping, as well as catalysts in refining processes, in this research, the thermal properties of the synthetic zeolite Cliloptilolite are analyzed, which prior to the thermal evaluation, was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), these analyzes confirmed that it was Cliloptilolite, after the structural characterization it was proceeded by thermogravimetry (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis from 32 ° C to 1000 ° C where it was possible to determine its thermal transitions, and thermal resistance, since it is a mineral, its thermal resistance is high so its mass losses are very low, a typical characteristic in inorganic materials, later The thermal evaluation proceeded to study the ability of these materials to absorb microwave radiation s, said analysis was carried out in a microwave cavity, in which the zeolite was subjected to electromagnetic fields for different times, in order to determine the increase and uniformity in its temperature, said tests allowed to observe how after 15 seconds of interaction of zeolite with electromagnetic fields, temperatures close to 80 ° C are reached, without degradation of the material or release of water vapors, these results allow us to conclude that Cliloptilolite is a good microwave susceptor, and manages to convert the energy absorbed from the electromagnetic field into heat, this probably derived from its composition of aluminosilicates. In this way, it is likely the implementation of this zeolite in specific heating processes, or in organic synthesis reactions, catalyzed by microwaves, without fear of a secondary reaction derived from its decomposition, because its thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) corroborates its high resistance. thermal.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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THERMAL ASPECTS TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE COMPOSITION OF THE MIXTURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CERAMIC MATERIALS
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AFANADOR GARCÍA NELSON 1, GUERRERO GOMEZ GUSTAVO 2, NOLASCO SERNA CRISTIAN 3,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander seccional Ocaña, 2 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Seccional Ocaña, 3 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Seccional Ocaña,
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Email: cnolascos@ufpso.edu.co
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Abstract: The thermal conductivity of the clays of the intrusive and extrusive igneous formation at an average temperature of 150 °C, chemical composition, grain size, mass, and density, which are used for the manufacture of products in the brick kilns located in Ocaña, Colombia, is determined. The clay sample underwent drying, crushing, grinding and sieving processes according to ASTM E-11 standard, necessary to prepare the sample and evaluate the thermal conductivity of the clay sample using the infinite cylinder experimental technique considering one-dimensional radial heat conduction at steady-state temperature. To determine the chemical composition and grain size, scanning electron microscopy tests were performed at different magnifications. The result of the average thermal conductivity of the clay sample is 1.78 W/m*Ċ at an average temperature of 147 °C and decreases with temperature. The chemical composition of the energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis derived from the scanning electron microscopy test at 700 magnification indicates that the sample is composed of 27. 96% silicon, 13.81% aluminum, 3.29% potassium, and 58.95% oxygen, the grain size ranges from 82701 nm to 96980 nm, and the density of 1.0705 g/cm3. Due to the fact that the clays of the extrusive and intrusive igneous formation present low thermal conductivities, they are within the admissible ranges for use in technological applications and can be used as thermal and acoustic insulation applicable as refractory material in muffle and metallurgical furnaces, oil exploration or used as support structures in catalytic processes, in catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons, in water and oil microfiltration systems, in water and soil bioremediation and granulometry. In addition, it is evidenced, in the composition of the clay, homogeneity in the size of the aluminosilicate layers, and laminar morphology.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF BRIQUETTES BASED ON COKE FINES AND COAL FINES AND ITS CORRELATION WITH OF THE PROXIMATE ANALYSIS
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SOTO RIVERO MARÍA FERNANDA 1, QUINTERO GARZÓN ANDRÉS CAMILO 2, PEÑA RODRIGUEZ GABRIEL 3, MIRANDA MOLINA LUIS ANTONIO 4, SEPULVEDA SOLANO GIANCARLOS 5,
1 Carbomax de Colombia S.A.S., 2 Carbomax de Colombia S.A.S, 3 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 4 Carbomax de Colombia S.A.S., 5 Carbomax de Colombia S.A.S.,
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Email: giancarlos.sepulveda@indumax.co
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Abstract: The effective thermal properties at room temperature of briquettes based on coke fines and coals fines are reported for three mixes with a percentage of the weight of (90%-10%), (80%-20%), and (70%-30%) where the main phase is coke fines and its correlation with the proximate analysis carried out on the coke and coal where the main phase is coke fines. The samples were made by uniaxial pressing at 30 MPa. The thermal Conductivity (λ), the thermal diffusivity (α) and the volumetric heat capacity (ρc) were measured using the dual sensor SH-1 of the system KD2 Pro®, which works with the physical principle of transient linear heat flow, according to the norm ASTM D5 334-14. The thermal behavior of the carbon samples was performed by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry, while the proximate analysis (moisture, ash, volatile material, fixed carbon, sulfur, and calorific value) was carried out through the norm ASTM D3172- 89. Our results show that for carbon fines samples between 40 °C and 293.94 °C have a weight loss of 3.2% due to the degradation of volatile compounds of low molecular weight. Another degradation was also observed of 90.07% at a temperature of 336.21 °C which ends at 634.47 °C, likewise, a maximum devolatilization temperature was found around 579 °C, and that from 700 °C the fusion process is observed, which is associated with the coke formation. Additionally, an increase is shown in (λ) by increasing the concentration of coke fines in the sample, and the highest heat speed per unit of length was observed for the mixture 80%-20%. According to the thermal properties of the briquettes, they are optimal to be used as fuel in thermal processes.
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Topic: CM - Characterization of Materials
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ALUMINUM SMELTING BY GENERATING ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES BY MICROWAVE OVEN
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PEREZ RANGEL NAREN YESITH 1, ESPINEL BLANCO EDWIN 2, FLOREZ SOLANO EDER NORBERTO 3,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña, 2 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña, 3 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña,
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Email: enflorezs@ufpso.edu.co
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Abstract: In Colombia there is a demand for quantities of metal parts of iron, steel and aluminum for different purposes, making them requires the demand for large amounts of energy leading to a high emission of polluting gases; the need to start recycling and reusing, as in the case of aluminium, which is used in products such as food used in soda cans, now arises in the light of environmental conservation, beers, syrup fruit, tuna, grains, etc. In addition, there are other wastes such as aluminum chips that are generated from machining processes. This project presents a new technique with microwave oven to transform the aluminum chip into blocks or sheets of aluminum to be reused, from recycling of aluminium chips and scrap produced mainly by machine tool shops and machining centres, where after carrying out washing processes prior to casting, microwave irradiation shall be used as a physical property of transformation of the state of the material, all in order to make the melting process in less time and to obtain aluminium with better mechanical properties.
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Topic: EMSET - Education in Materials Science, Engineering and Technology
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ANALYSIS OF STATISTICAL INDICATORS TO EVALUATE SOCCER PLAYERS IN THE YOUTH CATEGORY
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RAMIREZ ORTIZ YENER ADRIAN 1,
1 Universidad de Pamplona ,
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Email: adriano_ca13@hotmail.com
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Abstract: The application of different concepts of interdisciplinary sciences applied to the sport has allowed that through the use of technological tools and statistical software we could achieve the objective of evaluating the ability of soccer players in relation to jumping, endurance, Driving, and shooting at goal as fundamental statistical indicators to evaluate the level of sports performance and thus carry out an evaluation and classification of these players. For this, an exploratory case study focused on a quantitative type with a transversal descriptive design was used. Where 8 players participated specifically from the position of forwards who met the inclusion criteria to whom the model consisting of anthropometric measurements, functional physical tests, and technical-tactical actions test was applied for the analysis of the results, ssps software was used. 19.0 and stasgrafic, which allowed us to find the reliability and validity of the data, a training program based on statistical planning protocols for specific microcycles made up of comprehensive methods and means with completion was applied. The average reference indicators are the following ages: 16.95 years, standing height: 173.2 cm, Squat Jump: 36.6 cm, countermovement jump: 43.6 cm, ball relay test time 46.8 seconds, VO2 estimation in the leger test 53.6 ml/kg/min, driving test and shot on goal 58.3 seconds demonstrating an excellent level of technical efficiency, they scored 67 goals and were the champions of the 2016 national tournament. The application of the model and its significance of P-value (0.019) and the application of specific loads as well as the results of the different tests and in competition, it allowed proposing statistical indicators of evaluation of the youth forwards.
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Topic: EMSET - Education in Materials Science, Engineering and Technology
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ANALYSIS ON THE THEORY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE BASED ON BIBLIOMETRICS AND SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS
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RICO-BAUTISTA DEWAR 1, ROMERO-RIAÑO EFREN 2, MARTÍNEZ-TORO GABRIEL MAURICIO 3,
1 UFPS Ocaña, 2 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 3 Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga,
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Email: gmartinez714@unab.edu.co
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Abstract: This work, it is analyzed the evolution of research on artificial intelligence. A total of 8334 documents were identified, divided into two periods, 2010-2014 and 2015-2019. In order to recognize trends in artificial intelligence research, bibliometric analysis and social network analysis are combined to judge current status and development trends. The results revealed the most commonly occurring keywords and those with the strongest linkage from cluster analysis. On the other hand, it was found that artificial intelligencestudy is an active field of growth, and the words that control the knowledge area were identified. The results of this study will facilitate the understanding of artificial intelligence progress and trends for researchers interested in understanding its evolution.
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Topic: EMSET - Education in Materials Science, Engineering and Technology
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COMPUTER TOOL TO IMPROVE THE LEARNING PROCESS IN THE DYNAMICS COURSE
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VILLEGAS DIEGO 1, NOVOA-COTAME SANTIAGO 2, NEIRA-VELASCO NICOLÁS 3,
1 UNIVERSIDAD INDUSTRIAL DE SANTANDER, 2 UNIVERSIDAD INDUSTRIAL DE SANTANDER, 3 UNIVERSIDAD INDUSTRIAL DE SANTANDER,
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Email: nicolasneir9609@gmail.com
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Abstract: This project developed a computer tool in which we seek to improve the learning process in students of the Dynamics course, providing support to the teaching professor, in which free-use software was used as a programming resource called MyOpenLab, which provides us with a didactic graphic scenario, in order for students to observe the behavior and interact the phenomena of the exercises of dynamics course. When selecting the exercises, the account was taken of how students were difficult to interpret the movement of the problems of particles or proposed objects of the subject's content. Therefore, an interface was developed that allows simulating the physical phenomenon, in addition to modifying parameters and variables along with the generation of graphs. The software handles flowchart as programming languages, which represent an algorithm or process ordered by guiding lines that join functions, these subroutines are tools for code that allow proposing a wide variety of actions, such as movement, calculations, color, thickness. Lines, dots, images among others. In order to facilitate their operation and understanding, the teacher can edit and create exercises. A satisfaction survey was applied to the students of the subject and it was possible to verify that there is acceptance, and it is considered that the process can be improved with the use of this tool.
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Topic: EMSET - Education in Materials Science, Engineering and Technology
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DATA ANALYSIS TO DETECT LEARNING STYLES IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
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VELÁSQUEZ PÉREZ TORCOROMA 1, PUENTES VELÁSQUEZ ANDRÉS MAURICIO 2, PÉREZ PÉREZ YESICA MARÍA 3,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Seccional Ocaña, 2 Universidad Libre Cúcuta, 3 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander seccional Ocaña,
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Email: ymperezp@ufpso.edu.co
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Abstract: Data mining studies methods and algorithms that allow the automatic extraction of synthesized information and its subsequent characterization, developing predictive capacity and facilitating efficient data analysis. When we talk about data analysis, organizations are faced with complex projects, it is advisable to design a roadmap to know where we are, where we want to go, and the measures to take to periodically correct deviations. The purpose of this project is to analyze the learning styles of the students of the engineering programs of various Universities of Norte de Santander, Colombia, under the CRISP-DM methodology; the data mining tool called Weka has been used, in such a way that, from the collected data, reflection is prioritized and a didactic change is achieved, influencing the development of a more particularized teaching process to avoid failure and academic desertion, in such a way that it is possible to link learning styles and teaching styles. At the repetition level, the algorithm was able to correctly classify 237 instances with a percentage of 94.8%.
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Topic: EMSET - Education in Materials Science, Engineering and Technology
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IN-PLANE BEHAVIOR OF H10 CLAY BLOCKS EXTERNALLY REINFORCED WITH ELECTROWELDED MESH
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AFANADOR GARCÍA NELSON 1, GUERRERO GOMEZ GUSTAVO 2, NOLASCO SERNA CRISTIAN 3,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander seccional Ocaña, 2 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Seccional Ocaña, 3 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Seccional Ocaña,
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Email: cnolascos@ufpso.edu.co
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Abstract: This research determined the shear strength of 1.20 m x 1.20 m solid brick walls without and with external reinforcement. H10 blocks from four manufacturers, three established in San José de Cúcuta and one in the municipality of Ocaña, Colombia, were used. Reinforcement alternatives such as the one presented here are essential to reduce the seismic vulnerability of houses in intermediate and high seismic hazard zones. Although the Colombian Seismic Resistant Standard (NSR10) allows the use of simple masonry in low seismic hazard zones, it is restrictive in any other seismic hazard zone. This scenario, present in the municipality of Ocaña, Colombia, made it necessary to determine the mechanical properties of clay blocks. Other mechanical properties such as compressive strength of the bonding mortar, compressive strength of H10 block prisms, diagonal tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and shear stiffness of unreinforced and reinforced walls, were also determined. The tests were performed on a P-100 Universal Testing Machine with a compression capacity of 100 t, a tensile capacity of 60 t, and a precision of 0.1% ± 0.05 mm. This research established the compressive strength of H10 clay block prisms and the behavior of shear deformation vs. shear stress without and with external reinforcement, necessary to establish mathematical models for possible structural reinforcement of houses vulnerable to seismic action. The findings will allow establishing the design parameters for the mathematical modeling of structural reinforcement for simple masonry buildings.
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Topic: EMSET - Education in Materials Science, Engineering and Technology
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INTERDISCIPLINARY HIGHER EDUCATION: TEACHER PEDAGOGICAL DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCES
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PEREYRA MARIANA 1, CORBACHO ANA 2,
1 Universidad de la República, 2 Universidad de la República ,
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Email: anacorbacho@ei.udelar.edu.uy
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Abstract: In a world of continuous growth and change, interdisciplinary teaching is essential for tackling complex problems that do not have a single solution. However, the development of interdisciplinary courses, in general, has been an intuitive process that is difficult to transmit to other teachers. The interdisciplinary education Winter school constitutes an environment where university teachers delve into methodologies that facilitate student-centered learning and the development of work skills in interdisciplinary teams. In this paper, we share different experiences of interdisciplinary courses that were developed taking into account fundamental aspects of constructivism, academic motivation, and social psychology. The teaching methodology incorporates basic aspects of diverse teamwork, self-regulated learning, and problem-based learning. Interdisciplinary teaching teams develop courses focused on addressing complex problems aimed at students from various university careers. The evaluation of the impact of the courses was carried out through a questionnaire about the experience of the students in each course and reflective writing texts. Regarding the structure of the courses, the results indicate that the strategies used to develop and teach interdisciplinary courses generated comparable teaching and learning environments. Results were also obtained that allow characterizing components related to academic motivation, teamwork, and the development of a learning community. From the students' perspective, participating in an interdisciplinary course influenced the development of four main skills and attitudes: working as a member of a team, exposing their ideas to others with confidence, developing as a person, and developing relevant, ethical, social skills and career prospects. This work made it possible to characterize a comparable course profile, the characteristics of the interdisciplinary program and obtain a measure of the quality of the courses.
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Topic: EMSET - Education in Materials Science, Engineering and Technology
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MEANINGFUL LEARNING THROUGH THE DESIGN PROCESS OF AN ELECTRIC ARC WELDING MECHANIZED APPLICATION SYSTEM
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BOHÓRQUEZ BECERRA OSCAR RODOLFO 1, MARTINEZ MANUEL DEL JESUS 2, PORRAS RODRÍGUEZ KAREN ALEXANDRA 3, ACEVEDO OSMA JUAN ALEJANDRO 4,
1 GIC, School of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia., 2 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 3 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 4 Universidad Industrial de Santander,
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Email: JUAN.ACEVEDO7@correo.uis.edu.co
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Abstract: In the industry, various engineering projects related to infrastructure, mining, and production, among others, welding plays a fundamental role, being one of the main assembly processes. Several factors and parameters surrounding this procedure are delegated to the human capabilities at the moment of application affecting the joining process reproducibility and uniformity. The knowledge and influence of these variables must be analyzed from the early stages in the formation process to establish the repercussions in the generated applications. In this project, a programmable system was developed for linear electric arc welding applications, taking into account the operating principles of existing models and the welding parameters such as traveling speed, arc length, frequency, and amplitude. Design techniques and iteration methods were applied to accomplish industry and educational requirements. Conceptual design and detail design took their part with the use of computer-aided design and computer-aided engineering tools, leading to the prototyping of equipment suitable for the application.
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Topic: EMSET - Education in Materials Science, Engineering and Technology
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METHODOLOGY FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF ATTRACTORS THROUGH THE RECONSTRUCTION OF PHASE SPACES USING THE DELAY TIME METHOD
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GONZALE GRANADA JOSE RODRIGO 1,
1 Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira,
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Email: jorodryy@utp.edu.co
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Abstract: Determining the future behavior of a system from observations has been one of the great challenges that scholars have faced throughout history. In many disciplines phenomena appear in which it is interesting to know well the dynamics of the system involved, its evolution over time, in order to be able to predict, even qualitatively, the future behavior that the system will show. The most common in these cases, for the effectiveness that has been demonstrated, is to make use of a formal mathematical system to describe the temporal evolution observed, and more commonly through a formulation through equations
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Topic: EMSET - Education in Materials Science, Engineering and Technology
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MODIFICATION OF THE INTERNAL OSCILLATIONS OF A SYSTEM THROUGH AN EXTERNAL SIGNAL, AN APPLICATION IN CIRCADIAN CYCLES
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GONZALE GRANADA JOSE RODRIGO 1,
1 Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira,
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Email: jorodryy@utp.edu.co
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Abstract: In this paper we are interested in study and analyze all the conditions under the circadian clock oscillator is well synchronized taking into account the external modification oscillator. This is possible utilize a concrete mathematical. model in the range of dynamical. systems that can be described the behavior of circadian cycles. Through different simulations carried out in MATLAB, it was possible to determine the coupling conditions of an internal cycle of the system versus external cycles.
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Topic: EMSET - Education in Materials Science, Engineering and Technology
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NANOTECHNOLOGY IN NATURE AND BIOMIMICRY: A SCIENCE TEACHING APPROACH FROM INTEGRAL AND INTERDISCIPLINARY PRACTICES FOR STUDENTS OF STEM DEGREES
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PEREYRA MARIANA 1, BENTANCUR - VIGLIONE GABRIELA 2, FAGÚNDEZ PABLO 3, MORELLI ENRIQUE 4,
1 Universidad de la República, 2 Universidad de la República , 3 Universidad de la República , 4 Universidad de la República ,
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Email: emorelli@fcien.edu.uy
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Abstract: The comprehensive training course, allows the student to have an approach to research lines through which they develop teaching, research, and extension activities. This course aims to stimulate reflection on the teaching of science, and for students to have a critical approach and analysis on integral and interdisciplinary practices. Likewise, students are encouraged to develop didactic material and/or recreational activities according to the school’s educational reality. The Nanotechnology in Nature and Biomimicry module is a theoretical/practical workshop where students, of different degrees, from the college of sciences of "Universidad de la República", approach the subject through theoretical discussion classes. The main characteristics and properties of nanostructures are studied and examples of application in nature are provided. Students go through a research stage where they develop practical experiences that allow them to communicate the fundamental concepts of the properties of nanostructures to school-age boys and girls. The educational proposal resulting from the research and reflection process is presented to the teacher to have an exchange and adapt it to the level of the school group. The teaching team is formed by members of the Analytical Biochemistry Unit and the Entomology Department of the college of sciences of the "Universidad de la República", Uruguay.
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Topic: EMSET - Education in Materials Science, Engineering and Technology
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SOLUTION OF THE MODEL FOR DIELECTRIC MATERIALS IN THE SPACE THROUGH FINITE ELEMENTS
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CORREA VELEZ GERMAN 1,
1 Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira,
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Email: gecove@utp.edu.co
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Abstract: The study of the model of the differential equation of Laplace becomes the most important
representation of the telecommunications industry. By means of a numerical solution
obtained with the finite element method, the behavior of the electrostatic potential in the
regions defined in the following way is simulated: conductive material (internal circular
region), dielectric (layer that separates the conductor from the outer layer) and material
Shielded (signal return, zero potential). The configuration of the coaxial cable allows to
find the distribution of the dielectric displacement in the whole composition of the same in
such a way that maximum data transfer is guaranteed as the frequency of signal
transmission and the attenuation of external interference signals increases (electric fields).
In the first section we propose obtaining the linear terms that allow us to calculate the
weights of the values of a linear combination that numerically approximates the variable of
interest through the residual theory of Galerkin applied the finite element method, which
for the case Two-dimensional with triangular linear elements that discretize the cross
section of the coaxial cable, in such a way that it is easier to find these constants including
the initial conditions and contour, thus allowing to guarantee the existence of a numerical
solution.
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Topic: EMSET - Education in Materials Science, Engineering and Technology
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STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SOME TECHNICALS AND TACTICALS ACTIONS OF THE GAME IN FUTSAL
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RAMIREZ ORTIZ YENER ADRIAN 1,
1 Universidad de Pamplona ,
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Email: adriano_ca13@hotmail.com
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Abstract: When studying the different game actions in a team sport such as futsal, which is carried out in a reduced space, it is necessary to use video recording and video analysis software to determine frequencies, percentages of possibilities, limitations of game performance and thus be able to carry out planning, control, evaluation and monitoring of the performance of individual players, by playing positions and as a whole, the game actions are those that determine through the use of different systems, strategies, vectors, and geometric figures, this is the route to follow in the approach to a game model that through intelligence and tactical thinking should allow us to make a statistical evaluation of the team's performance. An agile methodology was used where the information collected was reviewed, ordered, processed, and interpreted around the variables technical foundations, physical capacity, defensive and offensive tactical performance at the individual, group, and collective level, a diagnosis stage was made and they were made some initial measurements applying test, observation and analysis protocols to the video recording of the competitions, later the training plan was carried out and at the end, the measurement was carried out again. To test the effect of said training, the experimental design was applied, using the concept of randomization and the analysis of variance. This made it possible to establish differences or relationships between a dependent variable and other independent variables of a problem through scientific methods, seeking to verify or reject a hypothesis to verify the effects of the independent variables, which for the specific case of this research are qualitative and which are fully described below. The analysis of variance statistical technique allows the simultaneous study of the effects of two or more sources of variation and the main objective of this technique is to test hypotheses about the existence or not of differences between the average values of the scores or variables involved in the study. When the comparison is referred to only two means, the analysis of variance is equivalent to the t-Student's test for the contrast of two means. Whether you want to contrast two or more means, a random error that follows a normal distribution with mean 0 and constant variance is assumed for this procedure. For a better presentation of the results, the results obtained in the pre-test are described first, the post-test results second, and finally the comparison between the pre-test and post-test of all the tests carried out. Finally, as there are some qualitative variables, the simple correspondence analysis is applied, the objective of which is to establish relationships between the qualitative (non-metric) variables, enriching the information offered by the double-entry tables called contingency tables. These only checks if there is any relationship between the variables through the chi-square statistic and the p-value or significance in the statistical package for the social sciences statistical program.
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Topic: EMSET - Education in Materials Science, Engineering and Technology
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TEACHING RENEWABLE ENERGY IN SECONDARY BASIC EDUCATION USING SOLAR CELLS
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CALDERÓN TRIANA CLARA LILIA 1, JAIMES TORRES VÍCTOR JULIO 2,
1 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Física,
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Email: vjjaimesto@unal.edu.co
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Abstract: The current transformation of the world requires the use of clean energies, and the teaching-learning of physical concepts through active pedagogy is a suitable scenario for addressing the new educational challenges of teaching renewable energies; these facts lead us to bring technology with environmental responsibility to the teaching of basic concepts in Physics. This work shows the process followed by a group of students who belong to a secondary education institution in Colombia, guided by their teacher, to achieve meaningful learning of concepts of renewable energy, solar cells, and circuits; the procedure allows identifying preconceptions, teaching concepts and evaluate student learning. The results demonstrate students' interest in learning how energies from clean sources can be used in devices such as solar cells to convert solar energy into electrical energy.
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Topic: EMSET - Education in Materials Science, Engineering and Technology
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THEORETICAL CONTRIBUTIONS FOR THE INNOVATION OF GENERIC COMPETENCES IN THE TRAINING OF ENGINEERS AT THE INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF SANTANDER
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RIBEROS JAIMES CESAR AGUSTO 1,
1 universidad industrial de santander,
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Email: criberos@gmail.com
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Abstract: The purpose is to contribute theoretical contributions to the innovation of generic competencies in the training of engineers at the Universidad Industrial de Santander. It is assumed that in a globalized society the need to promote the training of students based on competencies is prevailing. There is a demand for competent professionals, both in the basic training levels, that is, undergraduate, as well as in professional degrees with high academic qualification such as postgraduate studies. In this sense, the research considered the importance of obtaining the approaches that engineering students of the Industrial University of Santander are capable of manifesting, Bucaramanga Headquarters, Santander, Colombia. Methodologically, the foundations of the qualitative paradigm were taken into account, in the experiential introspective perspective and phenomenology as a method. The key informants were five students of engineering careers, selected intentionally. In this regard, the interview was proposed to collect the data, whose testimonies were analyzed from the knowledge and practices of grounded theory. Then, the data were triangulated and the emerging categories that led to the research theorizing process were structured. The study concludes by highlighting the importance of the testimonies expressed by key informants, in relation to the training of engineers at the Industrial University of Santander, since the knowledge and practices revealed show the effectiveness of what has been proposed in the innovation of skills training foreseen in the institutional curricular design. Indeed, the contributions made by the students regarding the training of the engineer are significant, in relation to the time, the task of the university, the curricular design, the development of competencies, research, and technological support.
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Topic: EMSET - Education in Materials Science, Engineering and Technology
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USABILITY TESTING IN SUPPORT DECISION SYSTEMS: AN INTERNET OF THINGS CASE STUDY
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RICO-BAUTISTA DEWAR 1, ROMERO-RIAÑO EFREN 2, MARTÍNEZ-TORO GABRIEL MAURICIO 3, GALEANO-BARRERA CLAUDIA 4, GUERRERO CESAR D. 5,
1 UFPS Ocaña, 2 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 3 Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, 4 Universidad de Santander, 5 Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga,
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Email: cguerrer@unab.edu.co
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Abstract: The internet of things has positioned itself as a trend that has influenced the everyday life of urban and rural environments. The aim of this article is to present the evaluation results of an application developed within an internet of things device; whose function is to support irrigation decision making. This product has been developed thanks to the support of the ministry of information and communication technologies, and the center of excellence for Internet appropriation of things, in Colombia. The methodology implemented includes the use of the heuristic evaluation technique, structured in 15 categories and 62 subcategories of valuation. For the execution of this exercise, a focus group of professionals in the area of development and design of this type of device and application was implemented.
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Topic: EMSET - Education in Materials Science, Engineering and Technology
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WELDING PROCESS SELECTION, STATE OF ART: REVIEW AND PERSPECTIVES
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PERTUZ COMAS ALBERTO DAVID 1, BOHÓRQUEZ BECERRA OSCAR RODOLFO 2, RINCÓN ORTÍZ MAURICIO 3,
1 Universidad Industrial de Santander , 2 GIC, School of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia., 3 GIMAT, School of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.,
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Email: mrincono@uis.edu.co
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Abstract: Within the manufacturing and assembly processes, welding is presented as a solution through the mechanism of the intimate union between materials. Over the decades, the development of different welding processes has generated significant improvement in specific fields of application. However, it is wrong to think that any welding process can be developed for a certain joining application. This is because multiple variables are considered in selecting the appropriate process and the effects that they may have on the materials involved, and that in many cases are also discarded. This work aims to carry out a review based on bibliometric models and chronologically listing the contributions that have been made in scientific production regarding the selection of welding processes, presenting in a relevant way and from bibliometric indicators, the most important points of each job and its contributions to the current state. In the same way, various directions of future work are presented in the conclusions regarding carrying out new approaches to better understand the selection of these processes.
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Topic: EMSET - Education in Materials Science, Engineering and Technology
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ALGORITHM COORDINATE DESCENT FOR LASSO AND RIDGE REGRESSION TECHNIQUES
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DEVIA NARVÁEZ DIANA 1,
1 Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira,
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Email: dmdevian@utp.edu.co
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Abstract: Lasso is a regularized linear regression technique, like the Ridge regression, with the slight difference in penalization, since it makes use of the norm l_1 instead of the norm l_2, which has important consequences In this paper, the coordinate descent algorithm was implemented for the lasso type regularization and the Ridge Regression analytical solution. Additionally, Kernels was used for the implementation of the l_1-regularized vector machine. The previous algorithms were compared with Ridge regularization and with l_2-regularized vector machine.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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ANALYSIS OF CHAOS IN A STRANGE ATTRACTOR IN THE MAXWELL-BLOCH EQUATIONS LASER MODEL USING THE LORENTZ EQUATIONS
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MESA FERNANDO 1,
1 Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira ,
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Email: femesa@utp.edu.co
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Abstract: In the theory of the analysis of first order differential equations they can be classified as stable and dissipative. Conservative systems maintain an average value through the independent variable, otherwise it happens with dissipative ones, which through the process quickly begin to deliver energy from the system to the outside. In the following article we will present the modelling and chaos analysis for a strange attractor which is presented in the Maxwell-Bloch model for the laser, the above will be presented through the qualitative analysis of the system through the concepts of critical points and bifurcations of dynamic systems, where the type of fork to show this model and a methodology that allows solving the non-linear system numerically will be presented. All of the above will be possible because this non-linear model can be carried out as a simplified Lorenz model through a change of variable that will transform it into a system that is easier to analyse qualitatively
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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ANALYSIS OF LIQUID-LIQUID (WATER AND OIL) TWO-PHASE FLOW IN VERTICAL PIPES, APPLYING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES
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RUIZ-DIAZ CARLOS M. 1, HERNÁNDEZ-CELY MARLON MAURICIO 2, GONZÁLEZ-ESTRADA OCTAVIO ANDRÉS 3,
1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 2 School of Mechanical Engineering ,São Carlos School of Engineering, 3 Universidad Industrial de Santander,
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Email: agonzale@uis.edu.co
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Abstract: The application of artificial intelligence techniques for the generation of predictive models oriented to the characterization of multiphase flows is currently having a great influence on industrial processes, due to the accuracy of their results when implemented in different fields. This work compares the results obtained in an artificial neural network with those obtained in an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, to predict the holdup of oil inside vertical pipes of a liquid-liquid mixture of water and oil, using as input parameters the pipe diameter, the surface speed of the fluids and the viscosity of the oil. The study was carried out with 722 experimental data and it was determined that the best model is the one generated by the artificial neural network whose hidden layer is made up of 12 neurons and uses the Levenberg-Marquardty training function and the TanSig activation function, showing a mean squared error of 0.000049, a determination coefficient R^2 of 0.99932, and an AAPE of 0.19%.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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ANALYSIS OF THE CONCENTRATION OF NITROGEN AND TITANIUM IONS SIMULTANEOUSLY IMPLANTED IN LOW-ALLOY STEELS
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VALBUENA NIÑO ELY DANNIER 1, CALERO CHRISTIAN 2, CHACÓN JORGE 3,
1 Fundación of Researchers in Science and Technology of Materials, 2 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 3 Universidad Industrial de Santander,
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Email: jchacon@uis.edu.co
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Abstract: In the present research work, using a software based on the Monte Carlo method, the concentration and dose of titanium and nitrogen ions implanted on the surface of chromium molybdenum low-alloy carbon steel are estimated. The experimental parameters established in the process of surface modification by high voltage electric discharges and electric arc at low pressures for 5 minutes and 10 minutes are used in the estimated calculation of the dose and the concentration of implanted ion as a function of depth. The results showed that the implanted nitrogen ions reach a greater projected range and a higher dose regarding to the implanted titanium ions; likewise, the highest concentrations of implanted nitrogen and titanium are obtained on surfaces exposed to a longer implantation time. Nonetheless, the location of the regions of highest concentration and the maximum projected range of the implanted ions are invariant to the exposure time.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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AN OPTOISOLATOR CIRCUIT TOPOLOGY FOR A THREE-PHASE CONVERTER
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DEVIA NARVÁEZ DIANA 1, DEVIA-NARVÁEZ DIEGO FERNANDO 2, CASTILLO RODRIGUEZ NANCY 3,
1 Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, 2 Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, 3 Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira,
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Email: nancycastillo@utp.edu.co
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Abstract: This paper presents a new design and implementation of the isolation stage between the power and control circuits of a three-phase; the isolation circuit is configured to use an optocoupler for each pulse signal produced by the control circuit, which requires a total of four references to activate the thyristors of the three-phase bridge rectifier. The experimental results obtained confirm the correct operation of the proposed configuration; this article illustrates how to build converters in a more cost-effective way, according to the power of the specific load to be energized. The computer simulations show the influence of the control circuit's reference regarding total harmonic distortion, so that allows evidence that the non-connection of the neutral wire decreases the waveform distortion in the tension wave.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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BOSE-FERMI MIXTURES WITH NEXT-NEIGHBOR INTERACTIONS
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SILVA VALENCIA JERESON 1, FRANCO ROBERTO 2,
1 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2 Universidad Nacional de Colombia,
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Email: rfrancop@unal.edu.co
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Abstract: We investigate a mixture composed of two-color fermions and scalar bosons in the hard-core limit, considering local interspecies and intraspecies interactions as well as the next-neighbor interactions between fermions. It is well known that the interplay between commensurability and local repulsive interactions generates diverse Mott insulator states. Also in the absence of bosons, the ground state of two-color fermions with local and next-neighbor interactions exhibit a rich phase diagram. Here, we explore the ground state of Bose-Fermi mixture considering next-neighbor interactions and found diverse phases such as charge and spin density waves, phase separation, and mixed Mott insulator.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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COMPARISON OF LINEAR, BILINEAR AND HYPERELASTIC MODELS FOR THE PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT
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RODRÍGUEZ FERRER JUAN DIEGO 1, LIZCANO PRADA INGRID ADRIANA 2, DIOSA PEÑA JUAN GUSTAVO 3,
1 Universidad de Antioquia, 2 Universidad de Antioquia, 3 Universidad de Antioquia,
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Email: juan.diosa@udea.edu.co
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Abstract: The periodontal ligament is a connective tissue of great importance in the biomechanical behavior of the periodontium, it is responsible for the distribution of the masticatory forces. It is important to obtain simulations with an accurate behavior of the periodontal ligament, several numerical models do not include this element which is of great contribution in the periodontal system due to the increased complexity of the model. In order to achieve a simplified model that saves computational time and approaches a real behavior, a model under a force of 1.4142 N of a central mandibular incisor was carried out including periodontal ligament, cortical bone, and alveolar bone. The periodontal ligament was modeled with three different constitutive models: linear, bilinear, and hyperelastic. The results obtained in the study show that the hyperelastic model approaches the most to the real behavior of the periodontal ligament, but demands a larger computational time in comparison with the other models. However, under the same conditions and forces in which the tooth is normally subdued, the lineal model represents adequately the behavior of the periodontium.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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COMPARISON OF THE CONTROL OF AN INVERTED PENDULUM USING FRACTIONAL CONTROL
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KUZBARI MAHER 1, ARIAS LONDOÑO ANDRÉS 2, MONTOYA OSCAR DANILO 3,
1 Universidad Tecnológica De Pereira, 2 Institución Universitaria Pascual Bravo, 3 Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas,
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Email: odmontoyag@udistrital.edu.co
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Abstract: In this paper, a comparison is made between the performance of the integer-order proportional integral derivative controller and the fractional-order proportional integral derivative controller for the control of an inverted pendulum system; for each control in addition to the inverted pendulum’s dynamics, a thorough theoretical contextualization is made. For the controllers, theoretical construction and tuning are carried out. Afterward, a comparison of the resulting systems are made both in the time domain and the frequency domain in addition to the evaluation of the stability of both systems, which allows for the demonstration of the favorable properties of fractional control systems in terms of flexibility and robustness. All the tasks performed were done with the support of MATLAB and Simulink, running the control system toolbox for integer order systems and FOMCON for fractional order systems respectively, for modeling, simulation, and analysis.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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COMPUTATIONAL MODEL OF INTRINSIC NEURONAL DYNAMICS IN NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES INVOLVED IN SOLVING HIGHLY COMPLEX BRAIN PROBLEMS: SYNTHESIS
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PUERTO CUADROS EDUARD GILBERTO 1,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,
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Email: eduardpuerto@ufps.edu.co
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Abstract: The brain (more specifically, the neocortex, the region of the brain responsible for perception, memory, etc.) is continually trying to make sense of the presented input. If a level of the neocortex is unable to recognize a pattern, then it is sent to the next lower level. If none of the levels can recognize a pattern, then it is a new pattern. Uniformity of the basic structure of the neocortex is given by cortical column or modules of neocortical pattern recognition. Pattern recognition modules connect each other all time. This article summarizes the main contributions made in the development of the Computational model of intrinsic neuronal dynamics in neurophysiological processes involved in solving highly complex brain problems based on the above principles. First, Ar2p was created, a computational model of the neurophysiological process of pattern recognition in individuals with different cognitive abilities. Later, Ar2p was extended with a deep learning architecture, called Ar2p-DL, to give you the ability to automatically discover and select features. Moreover, a diagnostic model of the autism spectrum, called multilayer fuzzy cognitive maps for autism spectrum disorder was used.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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DETERMINATION OF A PREDICTIVE STATISTICAL MODEL FOR AISI 316 STEEL SULFIDIC CORROSION RATE
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SANABRIA CALA JAVIER ALBERTO 1, CONDE RODRÍGUEZ GERSON RAFAEL 2, MANCILLA ESTUPIÑÁN ROBINSON ANDRÉS 3, NÚÑEZ RAMÍREZ AUGUSTO RAFAEL 4, PALENCIA VEGA NICOLÁS ANTONIO 5,
1 Universidad de Santander UDES, 2 Universidad Industrial de Santander , 3 Universidad de Santander UDES, 4 Universidad de Santander UDES, 5 Universidad de Santander UDES,
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Email: nicolaspalenciavega@gmail.com
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Abstract: Predictive statistical models are widely used in research development to represent linear and non-linear trends that occur in natural phenomena, generally associating the effect caused by multiple adjustable parameters, identified as independent variables, on measurable experimental results called dependent variables. One of the greatest benefits of these models is their application in predictive analysis, since this allows to facilitate decision-making at an industrial level in a short time, and therefore they are widely used in sectors such as the petrochemical industry. In this field, predictive statistical models are generated from experimental results for dependent variables such as corrosion rate of materials exposed to refining conditions. In these cases, the models are established based on dependent variables such as the chemical composition of the corrosive medium; exposure time; system conditions such as temperature and pressure; and type of the exposed material, among others. For this reason, in the present investigation, a statistical model was determined for corrosion rate of AISI 316 steel exposed to a Colombian heavy crude oil as a function of system temperature, in the range from 250 °C to 330 °C, and exposure time, in the range from 36 hours to 60 hours. The development of this statistical model allows its industrial implementation as a tool for the prediction of AISI 316 steel sulfidic corrosion rate in a transfer line used for heavy crude oil refining in temperature and exposure time ranges commonly present in distillation units.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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DEVELOPMENT OF A NUMERICAL METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF THERMOELECTRIC GENERATORS BASED ON THEIR TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
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ROJAS SUAREZ JHAN PIERO 1, ORJUELA ABRIL MARTHA SOFIA 2, PRADA BOTIA GAUDY CAROLINA 3,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 2 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 3 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,
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Email: gaudycarolinapb@ufps.edu.co
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Abstract: Normally, the evaluation of the performance of thermoelectric generators is carried out by means of experimental methods and analytical models, which require detailed information on the physical properties of the materials that make up the thermoelectric generators. However, this type of information is generally not available. Due to this situation, the present investigation seeks the development of a numerical model to determine the performance of thermoelectric generators taking as a reference technical specification, such as maximum current, maximum voltage, and maximum temperature difference. The numerical model is made up of a series of equations based on thermoelectric phenomena. The results obtained are validated through experimental comparisons. From the results, it was observed that the study of the technical specifications in the thermoelectric generator allows detecting negative effects such as the decrease in performance, and reduction in thermal resistance. Additionally, the approach based on technical specifications allows explaining the sources of parasitic losses that can go unnoticed if only the intrinsic properties of the material are considered. The comparison between the analytical and experimental results shows an error of less than 2%, therefore, the developed method is considered a robust tool for the realistic analysis of the performance of commercial thermoelectric generators.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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DIAGNOSIS OF PROSTATE CANCER WITH MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGES, SCALING ANALYSIS AND THE QUANTUM CLUSTER ALGORITHM
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BAENA-NAVARRO RUBEN 1, REYES-BRUNO JESÚS 2, TORRES HOYOS FRANCISCO 3,
1 Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, 2 UNIVERSIDAD DE CÓRDOBA, 3 Universidad de Córdoba,
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Email: ftorres@correo.unicordoba.edu.co
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Abstract: The uncontrolled proliferation of cells gives rise to tumor growths, whose geometry can be symmetric or amorphous, which gives information on their degree of malignancy. Understanding this phenomenon is of vital importance to establish an adequate diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. Prostate tumors have rough surfaces, so a scaling-based analysis model and fractal study should be used. In the present work, an in vivo and 3D diagnosis will be carried out, with magnetic resonance images and computed tomography, of prostate cancer, taking into account the critical exponents of local roughness and the fractal dimension, whose results are very consistent with those reported in the literature.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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EFFECT OF TRAVEL SPEED IN ARC WELDING PROCESSES USING THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
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PERTUZ COMAS ALBERTO DAVID 1, BOHÓRQUEZ BECERRA OSCAR RODOLFO 2, ROJAS MAURICIO 3,
1 Universidad Industrial de Santander , 2 GIC, School of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia., 3 GIEMA, School of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.,
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Email: andrsnov@gmail.com
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Abstract: Welding is a process for joining elements commonly found at an industrial level where one of the most widely used types is the electric arc. For its correct application, variables such as type of electrode, amperage, voltage, travel speed, polarity, type of joint, among others, must be taken into account. In this work, the effect of travel speed was evaluated, which directly affects the mode of metal transfer and the morphology of the weld bead, therefore, it must be correctly defined to satisfactorily achieve the union of the materials. To determine its effect, the thermal profile was calculated on a plate using finite element software. The speed values used were taken from specifications recommended by industrial suppliers of welding consumables. Furthermore, the simulation was performed for a butt joint, where it was assumed that the energy applied to the metal was uniform and constant over a circular area.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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EFFECTS OF AN EXTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELD AND EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS ON ISING-TYPE FERROMAGNETS
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DE LA ESPRIELLA VÉLEZ NICOLÁS 1, PADILLA MONTIEL FABIO ANDERSON 2, MADERA JULIO CESAR 3,
1 UNIVERSIDAD DE CÓRDOBA, 2 UNIVERSIDAD DE CÓRDOBA , 3 UNIVERSIDAD DEL SINÚ ,
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Email: yancesm@gmail.com
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Abstract: Using Monte Carlo simulations we analyze the thermomagnetic behavior of two ferromagnetic Ising systems localized in two square sublattices of spins S = ±5/2, ±3/2, ±1/2, and σ = ±7/2, ±5/2; ±3/2, ±1/2 of size LxL with L= 120 sites. The systems are defined with Hamiltonians H1 and H2 with interactions J1-J2-D-h and J1-J2-J3-h respectively, where Ji = 1, 2, 3 represent exchange interactions to first and second neighbors, D is a single ion anisotropy field, and h a magnetic field. For the ferromagnet with H1 we analyze the effects of h and J2 on the finite-temperature phase diagrams of energy, magnetization, and specific heat. We find an almost linear dependence of the critical temperature on the field h and J2. In the study of the ferromagnet defined with H2 the analysis shows discontinuous transitions at T=Tt in the magnetization and a strong influence of the h-field on the critical temperature and Tt temperatures. We study the hysteresis behaviors for both ferromagnets.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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EXOTIC QUANTIZED FLUX PATTERNS (DROPLETS, CHAINS AND CLUSTER) IN SUPERCONDUCTORS
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BARBA ORTEGA JOSÉ JOSÉ 1, RINCÓN JOYA MIRYAM 2, VARGAS RAMIREZ OMAR YAMID 3,
1 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 3 Universidad Nacional de Colombia ,
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Email: omvargasra@unal.edu.co
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Abstract: Mutually repulsive quantized magnetic fluxes enter a superconductor in the form of Shubnikov-Abrikosov vortices who tend to arrange themselves in a hexagonal periodic lattice. The superconductors are classified with the ratio (κ = λ⁄ξ, of the London penetration depth λ and coherence length ξ. Type I takes place at (κ< 1)⁄(√2) and type II does at (κ> 1)⁄(√2). The Ginzburg-Landau theory for mesoscopic superconductors offers a critical value (So-called Bogomolny point, i.e. the critical point (〖κ= κ〗_0= 1)⁄√(2 ) separating the superconductivity types I and II). In this point κ_0, Gibbs free energy is the same for all configurations of the mixed state (there is the degeneracy of the condensed state). In this study, we show a complete diagram of the droplet, chains, and cluster vortex configurations as a κ function for a superconducting sample immersed in a magnetic field.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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FERRIMAGNETIC ISING-TYPE SPIN-(3/2.7/2) SYSTEM: A MONTE CARLO STUDY
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ESPITIA RICO MIGUEL 1, DE LA ESPRIELLA VÉLEZ NICOLÁS 2, ORTEGA LÓPEZ CÉSAR 3,
1 Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, 2 UNIVERSIDAD DE CÓRDOBA, 3 Universidad de Córdoba,
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Email: cortegal@correo.unicordoba.edu.co
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Abstract: We apply Monte Carlo simulation techniques to study the behavior of a mixed Ising model in a square lattice with 3/2 and 7/2 spins located alternately in two sublattices A and B, respectively. The system is defined with a Hamiltonian of antiferromagnetic to first neighbors (J1) and ferromagnetic to second neighbors (J1,J2) interactions, as well as cristal and external magnetic fields. Depending on the parameter values in H this system exhibits multiple hysteresis loops, exchange bias, compensation points, and discontinuous magnetizations. The results are compared with previous studies that do not include ferromagnetic interactions at second neighbors and we find that they can have a strong effect on the magnetic behavior of the system.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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FRACTAL APPROACH WITH CLUSTERING ALGORITHM IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FOR BREAST CANCER DIAGNOSIS
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TORRES HOYOS FRANCISCO 1, DE LA OSSA DORIA KEVIN 2, ALCALÁ VARILLA LUIS ARTURO 3,
1 Universidad de Córdoba, 2 Universidad de Córdoba, 3 Universidad de Córdoba,
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Email: lalcala@correo.unicordoba.edu.co
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Abstract: In Latin America in 2018, 462.000 breast cancers were diagnosed in women (Pan American Health Organization, 2018), while in Colombia the diagnosis in the same year was 1.270 cases (Bravo & Muñoz, 2018; Pardo, et al., 2017). Which places this cancer as the third cause of death of all existing cancers (Martínez-Rojas, 2018; Mejía, et al., 2019). In this sense, in the present work, a diagnosis of breast cancer is made by magnetic resonance imaging processing and the quantum clustering algorithm method, which allows staging the degree of malignancy of the lesion. The results are in agreement with those reported in the literature.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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HYDRODYNAMIC CAVITATION OF HEAVY CRUDE OIL IN VORTEX REACTOR USING COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS SIMULATION
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GONZÁLEZ-ESTRADA OCTAVIO ANDRÉS 1, QUIROGA HIGUERA RAFAEL RICARDO 2, GONZALEZ SILVA GERMAN 3,
1 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 2 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 3 Universidad Industrial de Santander,
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Email: germangsilva@gmail.com
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Abstract: The improvement of the physicochemical properties of heavy crudes for their better use has brought the application of new technologies and processes to the oil & gas industry. Hydrodynamic cavitation consists of cavitating the working crude oil as it passes through a reactor, which operates with specific process parameters such as flow rate, percentage of a hydrogen donor, and temperature. In this work, we focus on the temperature as a process variable, to observe and analyze the effect it has on the fluid dynamics of the crude oil inside a Vortex reactor. The process considers a 3D stationary flow modeling of a multiphase liquid-vapor fluid, with k-ε turbulence model and Schnerr-Sauer cavitation in Ansys Fluent software. The results obtained for the different operating temperatures in the range of 92 ºF to 350 ºF allowed us to analyze the behavior of the pressure, velocity and vapor generated. The amount of vapor produced in the reactor increases significantly when a certain temperature value of the crude oil is exceeded, and the vortex effect becomes stronger in the fluid dynamics of the crude oil. To have a better understanding of the physical phenomena, it is possible to continue investigating this equipment with different crude oils and operating parameters, to determine the optimal operating conditions of the HCR-Nano reactor.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK IN THE ANALYSIS OF THE VOLUME FRACTION IN TWO-PHASE FLOW OF WATER AND OIL
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RUIZ-DIAZ CARLOS M. 1, HERNÁNDEZ-CELY MARLON MAURICIO 2, GONZÁLEZ-ESTRADA OCTAVIO ANDRÉS 3,
1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 2 School of Mechanical Engineering ,São Carlos School of Engineering, 3 Universidad Industrial de Santander,
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Email: agonzale@uis.edu.co
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Abstract: This work presents the application of artificial intelligence in multiphase flows, implementing a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network with backpropagation, and using the sigmoid tangent activation function, to generate a predictive model capable of obtaining the holdup of a two-phase flow composed of water and mineral oil in a horizontal pipe of 12 m. The structuring of the artificial neural network is developed from an input layer, formed by the pressure differential in the line and the superficial velocities of the working fluids, also, it has two hidden layers and an outlet layer, which is made up of the volumetric fractions of the fluids. The best-performing predictive model shows a mean percentage absolute error of 3.07% and a coefficient of determination R^2 of 0.985 using 15 neurons in the two hidden layers of the neural network. The 56 experimental data used in the study were obtained in the laboratory LEMI EESC-USP (Brazil).
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO THE CORRECTION OF ECTOPIC BEATS
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VELÁSQUEZ PÉREZ TORCOROMA 1, PUENTES VELÁSQUEZ ANDRÉS MAURICIO 2, CASTRO SILVA HUGO FERNANDO 3, NIÑO NIÑO CARLOS ANDRÉS 4, PUENTES VELÁSQUEZ JUAN FELIPE 5,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Seccional Ocaña, 2 Universidad Libre Cúcuta, 3 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, 4 Universidad Manuela Beltrán, 5 Universidad Manuela Beltrán,
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Email: juan.puentes@docentes.umb.edu.co
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Abstract: Scientific and technological development is increasingly applied to diagnosis and treatment in the health sector. In this research, artificial intelligence techniques are used to support the diagnosis of diseases. The autonomous nervous system made up of neurons and nerve pathways allow for the maintenance of the homeostasis of the organism and the execution of adaptive responses to environmental changes. Electrocardiographic recordings acquired at rest usually do not contain artifacts in the signal, whereas recordings of longer duration where the patient performs movements contain artifacts on the signal and sometimes ectopic beats. For the calculation and correct interpretation of heart rate variability, only normal beats must be taken into account, so a signal processing tool is required to determine if a QRS complex is normal or should be eliminated from the tachogram. As a result of the research, an algorithm is proposed for the correction of ectopic beats and artifacts detected in an electrocardiographic signal, with a sensitivity of 89.22% and a specificity of 95.78%, using artificial neural networks trained by back-propagation in the MATLAB® programming tool to correctly calculate heart rate variability.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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LATTICE MODEL FRAMEWORKS FOR SOLVING MULTISCALE, MULTIPHYSICAL PROBLEMS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE
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MONTERO-CHACÓN FRANCISCO 1, MARIN-MONTIN JORGE 2, ROQUE EDUARDO 3,
1 Universidad Loyola, 2 Universidad Loyola, 3 Universidad Loyola,
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Email: eroque@uloyola.es
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Abstract: Lattice models are a broad classification for a discrete-based approach to materials modeling. They can be seen as an intermediate solution between pure discrete (e.g., molecular dynamics) and pure continuum (e.g., finite elements) numerical methods to solve initial and/or boundary value problems. The main feature of these types of models is that materials are discretized into a set of one-dimensional (discrete) elements whose properties are set so as to fulfill specific properties at the continuum scale. Although this approach was already introduced in 1941 by Hrennikoff for solving problems of elasticity, it gained much attention in the late 90’s for analyzing fracture processes in quasi-brittle materials such as cementitious materials. More recently, with the rise in computational power, lattice models have been extended to other types of problems such as diffusion or heat transfer, but mostly applied to the concrete. In this work, we will present relevant aspects in lattice modeling, with a special focus on other types of materials and applications. In the first place, we will present two different approaches to mesh generation (i.e., Delaunay vs. Voronoi), and will discuss the choice of the element type (i.e., identification of relevant degrees of freedom) depending on the physical problem to solve. Then, we will cover certain numerical aspects such as the mathematical discretization of the set of partial differential equations and the solving strategies for these types of problems. Finally, we will gain insight into multiphysics coupling. We will illustrate the aforementioned features with the latest results from our research group, namely on multiscale, multiphysics modeling in different types of applications: design of a new class of fiber-reinforced cement-based composites, thermomechanical characterization of energy harvesting ceramic devices, diffusion-induced damage in graphite active particles in Li-ion batteries, or design of tailor-made metamaterials for orthopedics.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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MODELING OF A VEGETABLE OILS EXTRACTOR PRESS FOR DOMESTIC USE
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GONZÁLEZ-ESTRADA OCTAVIO ANDRÉS 1, LARA OJEDA LAURA FERNANDA 2, BOHÓRQUEZ BECERRA OSCAR RODOLFO 3,
1 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 2 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 3 GIC, School of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.,
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Email: obohorbe@correo.uis.edu.co
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Abstract: One of the methods used for the extraction of vegetable oils is the mechanical worm screw pressing, which consists of the compression of the seeds by advancing the material inside the screw barrel. Although the extraction of vegetable oils has been developed mainly at an industrial level, domestic oil extraction presses are devices that allow the user to obtain their own products of natural origin. Scaling industrial production processes to low-level proportions such as domestic requires iterative models during design development, which include the permutation of values that influence the performance and size of the machine. In the present study, the design and modeling of a vegetable oils extractor press was developed, this equipment processes seeds with an equivalent size of up to 25 mm and its processing capacity is of up to 10 kg/h. Through the iterative process, the influence of the geometric variables of the pressing mechanism on the operation of the machine was studied. The results were verified by obtaining the requirements established for a domestic type press.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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MODELING OF THE COLLISION OF AN ELECTRON WITH A HYDROGEN ATOM USING JOST FUNCTIONS
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TORRES HOYOS FRANCISCO 1, ALCALÁ VARILLA LUIS ARTURO 2, PAEZ MEZA MANUEL SILVESTRE 3,
1 Universidad de Córdoba, 2 Universidad de Córdoba, 3 Universidad de Córdoba,
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Email: mspaezm@correo.unicordoba.edu.co
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Abstract: The Jost function are used in scattering theory to calculate bound states, dispersed states, virtual states and resonance states. A new method to calculate the Jost functions is presented in this work, this method is based on a system of first order differential equations and we used this for modeling the collision of an electron with a hydrogen atom in its ground state. We used low energies (10 eV) in order to simulate an elastic dispersion. The phase shifts were calculated and these are in agreement with those reported in the literature, the differential cross section was also found.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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MODELING OF THE INVERSE PROBLEM IN ELECTRON-ATOM COLLISIONS AT LOW ENERGIES
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TORRES HOYOS FRANCISCO 1, ALCALÁ VARILLA LUIS ARTURO 2, PAEZ MEZA MANUEL SILVESTRE 3,
1 Universidad de Córdoba, 2 Universidad de Córdoba, 3 Universidad de Córdoba,
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Email: mspaezm@correo.unicordoba.edu.co
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Abstract: The main problem of the theoretical calculation of the cross sections originated in the collision processes is that in many cases it is not known exactly what the potential that modeled the collision is. In this sense, the inverse problem arises as a useful alternative to calculate the potential of the collision, however, to date an analytical method within this methodology is unknown. In this work, a method is proposed that allows studying the inverse problem in elastic electron-atom collisions at low energies and it is applied with great success to the dispersion of electrons by hydrogen atoms in their ground state.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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MODELING THE GROWTH DYNAMIC OF FRUIT TREES UNDER A WATER DEFICIT SCENARIO
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DUQUE MARÍN EDWIN FERNANDO 1, CARRASCO BENAVIDES MARCOS 2, ROJAS PALMA ALEJANDRO 3,
1 Universidad Católica del Maule, 2 Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Católica del Maule., 3 Departamento de Matemáticas, Física y Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule,
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Email: amrojas@ucm.cl
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Abstract: In the Mediterranean-type climate zones, the effects of global warming are producing extreme weather events, such as rainfall reductions, dryness, and hot waves that are directly affecting agricultural systems. A dry environment means less rainfall and more frequent and severe droughts, which could negatively impact the whole fruit tree growth because of the adverse effects on tree physiology, limiting fruit tree growth and production. To avoid this issue, most of the fruit tree productions in the Mediterranean-type climate zones have invested in irrigation systems. In this regard, the yield of a fruit tree results from interactions among the genotype, climate, soil, crop management, and irrigation. All of them can be studied using mathematical modeling. Thus, considering the indicated herein, the objective of this work was to study the growth dynamics of fruit trees under a water deficit scenario. A qualitative analysis of a non-linear bidimensional ordinary differential equation system was carried out, where A(t) represents the concentration of water in the system and C(t) represents the biomass of the fruit tree. Local and global stability results were obtained. Analysis showed that when considering a scenario of water deficit, the growth dynamics of the fruit tree were strongly impacted, leading to a total loss of it.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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NEW TEST METHODOLOGIES TO ANALYSE LUBRICATED SURFACES OF MACHINES
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CHACÓN TANARRO ENRIQUE 1,
1 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid,
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Email: e.chacon@upm.es
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Abstract: The lubricated surface contacts in machines (gears, bearings, bearings, etc.) behaviour depends on many factors: geometric, materials, treatments and surface finish, lubricant, etc. In many cases, the greater knowledge and improvement of the design of these contacts requires testing under controlled environment. However, commercial tribometers do not always reproduce the exact conditions of some real contacts. This work presents various test methodologies based on the use of linear and point contact tribometers. They present the setting of various test conditions that make their behaviour equivalent to real cases applications as gears, bearings, brakes and wet clutches.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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NUMERICAL DESIGN OF THE FILTERING PROCESS OF AN MSPD-BASED EXTRACTION PLANT THROUGH CFD-DEM
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ARGÜELLO PLATA JUAN DAVID 1, GONZÁLEZ-ESTRADA OCTAVIO ANDRÉS 2, GÉLVEZ-AROCHA OMAR 3,
1 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 2 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 3 Universidad Industrial de Santander,
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Email: ogelvez@uis.edu.co
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Abstract: Matrix solid-phase dispersion is a widespread technique used for the extraction of chemical constituents from plants. First, pretreatment is performed to decrease the particle size of the organic material to increase mass transfer area. Then, elution and filtering steps are done, where the extraction of secondary metabolites is produced with the help of a solvent. Finally, a substance separation process is required to separate the solvent and reuse it for future extraction processes, and to obtain the final product, known as extract. In this work, a semi-automatic design methodology is proposed, where the fluid dynamics behavior is modeled through the filtering process, allowing to predict of the particle concentration along the control volume using a numerical model based on computational fluid dynamics/discrete element method. Results indicate that the proposed model shows an error below 2% with respect to experimental values, and it can be used in various flow applications where solid particles interact with Newtonian fluids in the liquid or gaseous phase.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF THE POISSON EQUATION IN AN ISOTROPIC ENVIRONMENT
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DEVIA NARVÁEZ DIANA 1,
1 Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira,
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Email: dmdevian@utp.edu.co
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Abstract: A solution to the problems posed by means of partial differential equations is essential for the extraction of quantitative and qualitative information regarding the behavior of a system, this is usually obtained by means of an appropriate method of analytical solution or by implementing a precise numerical method for the approximate numerical solution. Since the analytical solution can be implemented in some partial differential equations, the numerical solution is widely preferred due to recent advances in numerical methods that allow for regular and irregular domain discretization, which is why the finite element method is useful for obtaining a numerical solution of any type of partial differential equation once the boundary conditions are defined, Dirichlet, Neumann or Cauchy.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE PERFORMANCE OF A THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR BUILT WITH PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS
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ROJAS SUAREZ JHAN PIERO 1, ORJUELA ABRIL MARTHA SOFIA 2, PABÓN LEÓN JHON ANTUNY 3,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 2 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 3 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,
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Email: jhonantuny@ufps.edu.co
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Abstract: In the present investigation, an analysis of the thermal performance of a thermoelectric generator is carried out, which is formed with phase change materials. For the study, different geometric and operating conditions are evaluated, such as variation in the height of the material and heat fluxes. The development of the numerical study is carried out using the OpenFOAM software. For the performance evaluation, output parameters such as voltage, temperature difference, and efficiency of the thermoelectric generator are considered. The results show that phase change materials allow a higher output voltage level to be reached, as a consequence of an increase in the temperature difference between the hot side and the cold side of the thermoelectric generator. It was observed that the phase change materials allow a maximum difference of 45 °C to be achieved. This behavior is reflected in an improvement in the efficiency of the thermoelectric generator. For the test conditions, maximum efficiency of 38% was achieved in the thermoelectric generator. Geometric analysis shows that a 3.5 mm height in the phase change material is the most suitable for achieving better performance in thermoelectric generators. In general, the results allow us to conclude that phase change materials are a promising alternative to improve the low efficiency of thermoelectric generators, due to their capacity to store heat.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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OPTIMAL SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE ROUTING
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MESA FERNANDO 1,
1 Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira ,
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Email: femesa@utp.edu.co
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Abstract: In order to offer a better service, merchandise distribution companies seek to offer an optimal service. This consists of offering the best assistance to the user, including low operating costs on the route. Due to this, we see the need to make the programming of the routes of each vehicle as equitable as possible in terms of the capacity of the vehicle and available fuel, in addition, it seeks to reduce the distances in which the vehicle travels without load. In this document we show in detail the optimal solution to the electric vehicle routing problem, which consists of determining optimal routes that allow a transport company to make efficient use of available resources, thus saving electricity and time, among other variables. Initially, the basic concepts on the operation of electric vehicles are described, later the concepts and modalities of vehicle routing are discussed, among which are the problem of routing open vehicles and the problem of routing vehicles with backhauls, later the scenario to develop the respective routes. and show the results with the optimal routes and routes, finally the conclusions obtained from the development of the techniques are exposed.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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SPIN COMPENSATION, CRITICAL AND DISCONTINUOUS TRANSITIONS BEHAVIORS IN A SPIN-(5/2.7/2) FERRIMAGNET
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ESPITIA RICO MIGUEL 1, DE LA ESPRIELLA VÉLEZ NICOLÁS 2, ORTEGA LÓPEZ CÉSAR 3,
1 Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, 2 UNIVERSIDAD DE CÓRDOBA, 3 Universidad de Córdoba,
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Email: cortegal@correo.unicordoba.edu.co
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Abstract: We apply Monte Carlo simulation techniques to study the magnetic behavior of a ferrimagnetic Ising model on a square lattice of size LxL sites with L = 120, where 3/2 spins are alternated with 7/2 spins. There is an antiferromagnetic interaction at first neighbors (J1), ferromagnetic interactions at second neighbors in the lattice (J2, J3), and an external magnetic field, h. We explore the effect of the external field h on the behavior of the system. We found that depending on the combination of the parameters in the Hamiltonian this system exhibits hysteresis loops for various temperatures, spin compensation points, and discontinuous transitions in the magnetization and magnetic susceptibility. At the end, we study the phase diagrams of the critical, compensation, and discontinuous transition temperatures.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BONE BY SEGMENTATION AND FINITE ELEMENTS ANALYSIS IN PATIENTS WITH OSTEOPOROSIS
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GONZÁLEZ-ESTRADA OCTAVIO ANDRÉS 1, PATERNINA BAENA JEISSON 2,
1 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 2 Universidad Industrial de Santander,
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Email: jeissonpaterninabaena@gmail.com
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Abstract: Numerical simulation techniques allow, through mathematical models, approximate solutions to a large number of physical phenomena characterized by various types of complexities, such as geometric, material, or boundary conditions. By characterizing the density of bone tissue, it is possible to determine characteristic parameters associated with the strength and stiffness of the material. Diseases such as osteoporosis are based on the decrease in bone mass and average bone density, which leads to a high risk of fracture, the decrease in mechanical properties being very evident. This work investigates a methodology will to evaluate, using numerical methods and diagnostic medical imaging, biomarkers, punctual maximum efforts and equivalent bone with osteoporosis. The analysis is carried out through a segmentation process applied to different bones related to the hip-femur group diagnosed with osteoporosis, then the study will be carried out on each of the bones. The segmentations obtained are used for a first study with their original properties that bring bones with osteoporosis and a second study assuming properties of a healthy bone in cortical and trabecular tissue, which by comparison will establish the differences.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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VORTEX GEL MATTER -SCAFFOLD STRUCTURE- IN A SUPERCONDUCTING SYSTEM
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BARBA ORTEGA JOSÉ JOSÉ 1, RINCÓN JOYA MIRYAM 2, AGUIRRE TELLEZ CRISTIAN ANDRÉS 3,
1 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 3 Universidade Federal de Mato Groso,
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Email: cristian@fisica.ufmt. br
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Abstract: A gel is known as a lattice of particles organized on a scaffold that makes up a porous system. As is well know, the Abrikosov vortex state is a hexagonal lattice in a bulk type-II superconductors. Geometrical confinement, boundary conditions, modulation of the magnetic field, or pinning potentials affects their spatial distribution leading to several kinds of exotics vortex structures. Sometimes, it may happen that the vortex lattice follows a multifractal behavior (vortex clusters separated by vortex free regions), establish the existence of a novel and interesting vortex configuration characteristic of gels. Such gel vortex states could allow the manipulation of quantum vortex states.
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Topic: MSD - Modeling, Simulation and Diagnostics
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A SIMPLE MODEL TO EXPLAIN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ELECTROMAGNETIC AND ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS DURING THE FRACTURE OF BRITTLE MATERIALS
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CLAVIJO JORGE 1, SÁNCHEZ SANDRA 2, SALAS SARMIENTO YECID JAVIER 3,
1 Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito, 2 Universidad de Nariño, 3 Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas,
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Email: yjsalass@udistrital.edu.co
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Abstract: Electromagnetic emissions have been widely reported in the context of brittle solids fracturing. Although these emissions are assumed to be associated with microfracture processes and their corresponding acoustic emissions, there is clear evidence of differences between acoustic and electromagnetic emissions, especially at the statistical level. In this paper, a minimal theoretical model is proposed to explain the differences based on an electrical analog of the fiber bundle model, in which fibers are replaced by fuses in a Wheatstone bridge arrangement under gradually increasing voltage. A capacitive element is introduced to account for the charging and discharging processes that are proposed as generators of electromagnetic events. The model shows that, beyond the common cause for acoustic and electromagnetic events, many acoustic events are not followed by an electromagnetic emission, some high-intensity electromagnetic events are coupled with low-intensity acoustic emission and that, in general, acoustic and electromagnetic activities evolve very differently.
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Topic: NDE - Non Destructive Evaluation
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DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF A CONTROL SYSTEM FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL METRIC VALIDATION OF METAL SCREWS USED IN OSTEOSYNTHESIS
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ROJAS CHACÓN DAMAR NICOLÁS 1, GONZÁLEZ GÓMEZ ANDRÉS LEONARDO 2, CASTILLO CAÑAS IVÁN RODRIGO 3, MENESES FONSECA JAIME ENRIQUE 4,
1 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 2 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 3 Universidad Industrial Santander, 4 Universidad Industrial de Santader,
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Email: jaimen@uis.edu.co
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Abstract: Osteosynthesis is a treatment of surgical intervention based on the reduction of a fracture and its fixation via metallic implants as screws and plates. A minimal deformation in the metallic surface of these gadgets can lead to metal fatigue and breakage at the fracture site. Hence, if the installed material does not provide optimum quality in metrical terms, failures in the implantation of the plate can be generated. For that reason, inspection and quality control in the manufacturing process are crucial to reduce costs and implantation failures produced by defective screws. Computer vision aims to extract characteristics of an image for later description and interpretation. In this research work, a control system based on optical and computer vision techniques is proposed, which aims to validate metrologically the screw's dimensions quality. The methodology applied consists of the following stages: definition of the experimental conditions, the assembly of the optical-digital system comprised of a universal serial bus digital microscope and a light-emitting diode lighting base, development of the GUI in ImageJ (open-source), and report of the results in a metric scale. In the results, the length and width of the screw obtained with the interface and a caliper were compared as a metrological validation procedure.
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Topic: NDE - Non Destructive Evaluation
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MICRO-CRACK CLASSIFICATION IN REINFORCED CONCRETE WALLS BY PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS
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CLAVIJO JORGE 1, SÁNCHEZ SANDRA 2, SALAS SARMIENTO YECID JAVIER 3, TORRES NANCY 4, ALVAREZ JOHN 5,
1 Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito, 2 Universidad de Nariño, 3 Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, 4 Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito, 5 Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito,
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Email: john.alvarez-r@mail.escuelaing.edu.co
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Abstract: Fracture processes in brittle materials are governed by the generation and growth of micro-cracks. The acoustic emission technique, based on the elastic-mechanics waves generated by cracks during their growth, is a way to follow the evolution of micro-cracks. Parametric analysis of emissions is based on some features that can be extracted from the waveforms and have been used on different materials to distinguish emissions originated from tensile and shear events. This classification is especially important in the study of fracturing in civil structures due to the presence of shear events that usually produce abrupt and violent collapses. This paper shows the results of parametric analysis on two types of tests performed on reinforced concrete walls. In the first test, in-plane diagonal compression is applied, looking for the generation of shear events and violent collapse. In the second one, out-of-plane force is applied to look for the generation of tensile-compression events and a non-abrupt collapse. Our results show that parametric analysis can distinguish between the two processes and suggest that it could be used as a method to predict the presence of shear events and the proximity to the violent collapse of structures.
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Topic: NDE - Non Destructive Evaluation
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AIDED DESIGN OF METAMATERIALS AND METASURFACES
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DÍAZ LANTADA ANDRÉS 1, FRANCO MARTÍNEZ FRANCISCO 2, ECHÁVARRI OTERO JAVIER 3,
1 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 2 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 3 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid,
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Email: jechavarri@etsii.upm.es
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Abstract: Metamaterials and metasurfaces can be designed to achieve unconventional and really attractive properties, more related to their microstructure, topology, and topography, than to their chemical nature. Advances in computational modeling, high precision additive manufacturing, and micro/nanofabrication techniques enable their physical materialization and the field of metamaterials and metasurfaces is progressing at an extremely rapid pace. In order to empower the computational-assisted design of new metamaterials and metasurfaces, a wide set of artificial intelligence techniques prove useful. This study summarizes some of these artificial intelligence-aided design strategies and presents specific application cases, linked to the design of concrete metasurfaces and metamaterials for the improved tribological, biomechanical and biological performance of lab-on-a-chip devices and tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Topic: NM - New Materials
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BLAST FURNACE DUST: NEW MATERIAL TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ASPHALT MIXTURES FOR PAVEMENTS
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OCHOA DÍAZ RICARDO 1, GRIMALDO LEÓN GLORIA ELIZABETH 2, PÉREZ ROJAS YASMIN ANDREA 3,
1 Uptc, 2 Universidad de Boyacá, 3 Uptc,
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Email: yasmin.perez@uptc.edu.co
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Abstract: The integrated steel process starts from the exploitation of raw materials: iron ore, limestone, and coal. These materials reach the first phase called primary manufacturing; this phase is part of the blast furnace in which the raw materials are melted and transformed into pig iron. Solid waste such as slag and blast furnace dust is produced during this process. These wastes generate environmental problems due to accumulation and improper disposal. Consequently, this study aims to analyze the use and behavior of blast furnace dust as a fine aggregate in an asphalt mix for pavements. The possibility of partially (50%) and totally (100%) replacement of conventional fine aggregate by blast furnace dust is analyzed. The results are compared with the behavior of a mixture made with conventional aggregates. To achieve this goal, the chemical properties of blast furnace dust were determined, this material contains mainly iron, carbon, and low amounts of silicon, aluminum, calcium, and magnesium. In addition, physical tests such as granulometry, sand equivalent, angularity, plasticity index, and specific gravity were carried out. The optimal asphalt cement content was obtained for each type of asphalt mix using the Ramcodes methodology, which is based on the polyvoid, which is an analysis based on the void specifications in the mix. Once the amount of asphalt cement in each mix has been defined, tests are carried out to evaluate the physical and mechanical characteristics such as stability and flow. Additionally, performance tests such as dynamic modulus, fatigue laws, moisture damage, and permanent deformation. The results obtained in the resistance to plastic deformation test showed that the greater the amount of blast furnace dust incorporated in the mixture, the greater the final deformations produced. The mixtures in which the fine aggregate is partially replaced by blast furnace dust have a better fatigue life at low deformations than the base mixture and in which the fine aggregate is totally replaced, have a lower fatigue life. The results of the moisture damage test in the blast furnace dust mixtures are within the established ranges. The dynamic modulus of the blast furnace dust mixes is less than the dynamic modulus of the base mix. Furthermore, the dynamic modulus of the mix in which the natural fine aggregate was totally replaced by blast furnace dust is lower than the mix in which the natural aggregate was partially replaced. Considering the results of this study, we can conclude an adequate behavior of the mixtures with blast furnace dust. This allows us to deduce that the use of this waste is technically feasible and thus it can contribute to sustainable development and environmental protection.
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Topic: NM - New Materials
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CHARACTERIZATION OF CONCRETE MIXTURES PRODUCED WITH ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE SLAG AGGREGATES AND RECYCLED GROUND GLASS
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OCHOA DÍAZ RICARDO 1, PÉREZ ROJAS YASMIN ANDREA 2, VERA LÓPEZ ENRIQUE 3,
1 Uptc, 2 Uptc, 3 Uptc,
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Email: enrique.vera@uptc.edu.co
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Abstract: This article presents the morphological, chemical, and mineralogical characterization of the aggregates used in concrete mixtures produced with simultaneous replacements of gravel by electric arc furnace slag, and sand by the recycled ground glass, and the characterization of the produced concrete mixes. The gravel was replaced in percentages of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of electric arc furnace slag. The sand was replaced by the recycled ground glass in a percentage of 40%. The optimal percentage replacement of sand by the recycled ground glass corresponds to the results obtained by the authors in previous researches. The electric arc furnace slag was chemically and mineralogically characterized and its basicity determined. The recycled ground glass was carried out to chemical microanalysis. For the chemical and mineralogical characterization of the materials, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence techniques were used. The density and consistency of the concrete mixtures in the fresh state were studied. The density, absorption and voids, modulus of elasticity, and resistance of the concrete mixtures in the hardened state were determined. The concrete mixtures were structurally and morphologically characterized by scanning electron microscope analysis and X-ray diffraction. The morphological, chemical and mineralogical characterization of the aggregates improves the properties of the concrete in the fresh and hardened state. The presence of electric arc furnace slag and recycled ground glass in the concrete mixes reduced the amount of mixing water required, achieving a concrete paste of workable consistency. The cement content on the concrete mixes with electric arc furnace slag and recycled ground glass decreased with the percentage of electric arc furnace slag increased. The recycled ground glass did not show statistical significance in the increase of resistance.
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Topic: NM - New Materials
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CHARACTERIZATION OF STEEL WASTE AND ANALYSIS FOR USE AS A MATERIAL IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PAVEMENTS
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OCHOA DÍAZ RICARDO 1, GRIMALDO LEÓN GLORIA ELIZABETH 2, PÉREZ ROJAS YASMIN ANDREA 3,
1 Uptc, 2 Universidad de Boyacá, 3 Uptc,
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Email: yasmin.perez@uptc.edu.co
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Abstract: The boom in the construction of large engineering works has boosted the demand for steel, which has generated an increase in the production of steel waste, a situation that causes environmental problems due to its accumulation and not proper disposal. Likewise, the exploitation of non-renewable natural resources such as stone aggregates is causing deterioration in the environment; If we add to this that the environmental regulations for the exploitation of these non-renewable materials are increasingly strict, generating a significant increase in production costs. Consequently, this leads to a paradigm shift: using unconventional materials and employing recycling techniques for existing pavements. The use of industrial waste in different processes must be focused on sustainable development and environmental protection. During the steelmaking process, different wastes are produced, including oxygen furnace slag, electric arc furnace slag, and blast furnace dust. This research analyzes the technical convenience of using oxygen furnace slag and electric arc furnace slag as coarse aggregate and studies the alternative of using blast furnace dust as fine aggregate, to manufacture hot asphalt mixes for pavements, as an alternative to mitigate environmental problems derived from the accumulation of iron and steel waste and from the exploitation of non-renewable materials, such as gravel and sand. To achieve the objective, the physical, mechanical and chemical characterization of the steel waste was carried out. Physical and mechanical tests were carried out such as granulometric analysis, resistance to degradation by means of the Los Angeles machine, resistance to degradation by abrasion using the micro-deval, solidity against the action of sulfate solutions, flat and elongated particles, percentage of elongated particles, plasticity index, sand equivalent, among others. Likewise, microstructure analysis was performed with a scanning electron microscope, elemental chemical analysis with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and crystallographic structure with the X-ray diffractometer. A comparison was made with the results obtained from the aggregates that are conventionally used in the manufacture of asphalt mixtures (gravel and sand) and in turn with the requirements of the general specifications of materials for roads of the National Institute of Roads, Colombia. The results of this study show that steel waste has favorable characteristics for its use as granular material in the manufacture of asphalt mixtures for pavements. This allows us to deduce that the use of this waste is technically feasible and with this, it can contribute to sustainable development and environmental protection.
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Topic: NM - New Materials
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CRITICAL SUPERCONDUCTING PARAMETERS OBTAINED FROM THE ANALYSIS OF THERMAL FLUCTUATIONS IN SMBA2CU3O7-D
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ROA-ROJAS JAIRO 1, VARGAS-PINEDA ELIANA M. 2, PINEDA-PEÑA GILBERT 3, RIVERA-CONTRERAS LEYDA JULIANA 4, LANDÍNEZ TÉLLEZ DAVID A. 5,
1 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2 Grupo de Física de Nuevos Materiales, Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 3 Grupo de Física de Nuevos Materiales, Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 4 Grupo de Física de Nuevos Materiales, Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 5 Grupo de Física de Nuevos Materiales, Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia,
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Email: dalandinezt@unal.edu. co
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Abstract: Synthesis of the SmBa2Cu3O7–d superconducting material by the standard solid-state reaction is reported. DC resistivity measurements were performed in order to analyze the conductivity excess close to the superconducting transition. The fluctuation analysis was performed by the method of logarithmic temperature derivative of the paraconductivity. A bulk Tc= 93.004 K was determined through the extrapolation of a genuinely critical regime, which is explained from the dynamical scaling theory. From the analysis, the occurrence of Gaussian-like fluctuations associated to dimensional d=3 and d=2 pairing regimes, and fluctuation developing in fractal topologies with d=2.6 and d=1.3 are established. The correlations of the critical exponents with the dimensionality of the fluctuation system for each Gaussian regime were performed by using the Aslamazov–Larkin theory. The Ginzburg number for this superconducting material is predicted and the coherence length, penetration depth, critical magnetic fields, critical current density, and the jump in the specific heat at T=Tc are theoretically determined. Results agree with experimental reports for cuprate Rare-Earth based and SmBa2Cu3O7–d superconductors.
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Topic: NM - New Materials
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EFFECTS OF OXYGEN VACANCY IN THE INTERFAZ T-MNO2/GRAFENO
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ESPITIA RICO MIGUEL 1, ORTEGA LÓPEZ CÉSAR 2, MORINSON N JUAN D 3,
1 Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, 2 Universidad de Córdoba, 3 Universidad de Córdoba,
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Email: jdmorinson1984@hotmail.com
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Abstract: In this work, the effects on the structural and electronic properties of an oxygen mono-vacancy at the T-MnO2/graphene interface are studied. The calculations are performed using density functional theory in the framework of the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation. The interface is modeled using the periodic slab scheme. A 1T-MnO2 (2√3×2√3) monolayer is coupled to a graphene monolayer (4×4), with a mismatch between lattice constants of 0.97%. For the interface without oxygen vacancy, we find that the interfacial distance and lattice constant are: 2.980 Å and 9.880 Å (a_(1x1-interfaz) = 2.470 Å), respectively; whereas, for the interface, with an oxygen vacancy, we find that, the interfacial distance and lattice constant are: 2.978 Å and 9.874 Å (a_(1x1-interfaz) = 2.468 Å), respectively. From these results, it is inferred that the oxygen vacancy at the interface does not produce significant structural changes at the interface without oxygen vacancies. From the analysis of the density of states and electronic band structure, it is established that the interface without oxygen vacancy and with mono-vacancy have metallic and magnetic behavior, with total magnetic moments of 2.95 μ_0 B/Mn y 2.99 μ_0 B/Mn, respectively. From these results, it is inferred that the electronic and magnetic properties of the interface with and without vacancy do not change significantly. However, the inclusion of mono-vacancy at the interface introduces a new charge redistribution close to the 2p-O and 3d-Mn state. Due to its magnetic properties, the interface without and with oxygen vacancy could be used in spintronics.
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Topic: NM - New Materials
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EFFICIENCY OF CONCRETE REPLACED SIMULTANEOUSLY BY ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE SLAG AND RECYCLED GROUND GLASS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RIGID PAVEMENTS
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OCHOA DÍAZ RICARDO 1, PÉREZ ROJAS YASMIN ANDREA 2, VERA LÓPEZ ENRIQUE 3,
1 Uptc, 2 Uptc, 3 Uptc,
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Email: enrique.vera@uptc.edu.co
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Abstract: This article presents the efficiency of using concrete mixes simultaneously replaced by 75% electric arc furnace slag and 20%, 30%, and 40% recycled ground glass in the construction of rigid pavements. The selected replacements correspond to the results obtained by the authors in previous researches. The materials were analyzed physically, chemically, and mechanically. The mixtures were studied in their performance to compressive and flexural strengths on cylinders and beam loaded in the thirds of the span, respectively. The study contrasted the achieved results with the Colombian standards described in article 500-13 of the specifications of the Instituto Nacional de Vías (Instituto Nacional de Vías, 2012) and the design of concrete pavements manual (Instituto Nacional de Vías & Instituto Colombiano de Productores de Concreto, 2008). The results validated the use of the replaced concrete mixes in the construction of rigid pavements in the department of Boyacá, Colombia. Through scanning electron microscope analysis, the adherence between aggregates and cement was studied, and the X-ray diffraction analysis determined the manner how the material crystallized, and the found species within the mixtures. The electric arc furnace slag at 75% and the recycled ground glass at 20%, 30%, and 40% in replacement of gravel and sand respectively, comply with Colombian standards to be used as aggregates in the construction of rigid pavements.
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Topic: NM - New Materials
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ENERGETICS AT THE T-MNO2/GRAPHENE INTERFACE
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ESPITIA RICO MIGUEL 1, ORTEGA LÓPEZ CÉSAR 2, MORINSON N JUAN D 3,
1 Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, 2 Universidad de Córdoba, 3 Universidad de Córdoba,
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Email: jdmorinson1984@hotmail.com
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Abstract: In this work, the energetics (formation energy, binding energy, and interfacial energy) involved in the growth of the T-MnO2 monolayer on the graphene substrate (or T-MnO2/graphene interface) are studied. The calculations are performed using the density functional theory in the framework of the generalized gradient approximation of Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof. The interface is modeled using the periodic slab scheme. A √3 × √3 T-MnO2 monolayer is coupled to a 2×2-graphene monolayer. The interfacial distance and lattice constant calculated, of the interface, are 3.00 Å and 4.94 Å, respectively. These results show that in the coupling of the √3×√3 T-MnO2 monolayer onto the 2×2-graphene monolayer, the substrate (graphene), does not significantly affect the structural properties of the T-MnO2 monolayer ( a_(1x1-MnO2) = 2.88 Å). The calculated values for the formation energy, binding energy and interfacial energy, at the T-MnO2/graphene interface, are: E_for = -20.04 meV/Å^2, E_b = - 22.13 meV/Å^2, and E_int = -331.04 meV/Å^2, respectively. The values of the energetic results show that the interface is thermodynamically stable; therefore, graphene is a good substrate for the √3×√3 T-MnO2 monolayer.
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Topic: NM - New Materials
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ENHANCEMENT OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES THROUGH THE SIMULTANEOUS APPLICATION OF ULTRAHIGH SHEAR RATES AND VERY HIGH PRESSURES
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FERNÁNDEZ ZAPICO GUILLERMO 1,
1 Triboblend,
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Email: guillermo.fernandez@triboblend.com
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Abstract: In many of the main industrial sectors such as automotive or aerospace, composite materials are meant to be the alternative to metallic materials. Among its benefits, the light-weighting of transportation can reduce considerably the fuel consumption and the emissions. However, its mechanical properties are still far away from the metallic materials. Graphene and its derivatives are emergent materials causing significant impact in numerous research fields. Their excellent mechanical, thermal, optical, and electrical properties make them attractive alternatives for multiple applications, the enhancement of the mechanical properties of materials is among them when used as nanofiller. For instance, from the theoretical point of view, the addition of graphene or graphene oxide to a polymer matrix considerably improves its mechanical properties -stiffness, strength, toughness-. However, from the experimental standpoint, the improvement is, by far, smaller than expected. This phenomenon is generally explained by four causes: the weak interface between the nanofiller and the matrix, the nanofiller misalignment, the non-homogeneous dispersion, and the nanofiller quality (big lateral size implies better mechanical behavior, a small number of layers leads to better performance, an increase of the number of defects and number and nature of free radicals worsen the mechanical properties but at the same time helps epoxy-filler adhesion). Current researches focus on these issues. Chemical functionalization of the polymer is a popular solution, however, the worsen of other mechanical properties of the material, the use of additional chemicals in the process, and high cost are still not solved. In this work, a novel polymer nanocomposite manufacturing technique, which allows for a remarkable enhancement of the mechanical properties has been developed and optimized. The method allows for an improvement of the dispersion level and the nanofiller matrix interfacial adhesion and a reduction of the number of layers at each graphene or graphene oxide flake. The technique is based on the simultaneous application of high pressures and ultra-high shear rates. A considerable number of specimens have been manufactured with different parameter combinations. Young’s modulus, tensile strength, loss factor, and fracture toughness standardized tests were performed. Clear improvements were detected, especially in treated neat epoxy. For understanding the mechanisms that lead to the improvements, specimens were analyzed by different microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. Results show that the length of the polymer chains is substantially increased. In order to quantify the effect of the macro and nanoscale mechanisms leading to the measured improvements, a multiscale tool is also built in this thesis, that individually measures the influence of the nanofiller-matrix interfacial characteristics, as well as the nanofiller properties, dispersion, and orientation state.
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Topic: NM - New Materials
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EXTENDED SUPER-EXCHANGE INTERACTION IN THE SPINTRONICALLY APPLICABLE MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTOR TB2FECOO6
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ROA-ROJAS JAIRO 1, ESTRADA CONTRERAS VIANNY R. 2, ALARCÓN-SUESCA CARLOS EDUARDO 3, DELUQUE TORO CRÍSPULO ENRIQUE 4, LANDÍNEZ TÉLLEZ DAVID A. 5,
1 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2 Grupo de Física de Nuevos Materiales, Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 3 Grupo de Física de Nuevos Materiales, Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 4 Grupo de Nuevos Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Magdalena, 5 Grupo de Física de Nuevos Materiales, Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia,
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Email: dalandinezt@unal.edu.co
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Abstract: Samples of Tb2FeCoO6 were synthesized by the solid-state reaction recipe. The crystallographic analysis revealed that the material crystallizes into a complex perovskite-type orthorhombic structure (space group P21/n, # 14) with octahedral distortions. The surface topography of the material was evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy, observing densified submicrometric granular characteristics in the form of polyform sheets. Energy scattering spectra showed 98% agreement between the experimental composition and the stoichiometry of the Tb2FeCoO6 formula. The DC magnetization curves as a function of temperature exhibit irreversible behavior at low temperatures related to the distortionary character of the Fe-O6 and Co-O6 octahedra in the structure. Magnetization hysteresis curves as a function of the applied field at temperatures from 5 K up to 300 K reveal a ferromagnetic type ordering in the material. The I-V characteristic suggests a semiconductor electrical response with a varistor-type tendency and strong dependence of the polycrystalline nature of the samples. Calculations of band structure and density of electronic states predict the semiconductor characteristic for this double perovskite, with Eg = 2.48 eV and the ferromagnetic behavior is attributed to extended super-exchange spin interaction in the Fe-O-Co ions. The ferromagnetic semiconductor nature of the Tb2FeCoO6 material foresees potential applications in the novel spintronics industry.
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Topic: NM - New Materials
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IRON-OIL PALM FIBER BIOCOMPOSITES FOR PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
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RAMIREZ MUÑOZ ANYI PAOLA 1, GIRALDO ARDILA STEPHANIE 2, PÉREZ BEDOYA JHON SEBASTIÁN 3, ACELAS SOTO NANCY 4, FLÓREZ YEPES ELIZABETH 5,
1 Universidad de Medellin, 2 Universidad de Medellin, 3 Universidad de Medellin, 4 Universidad de Medellin, 5 Universidad de Medellin,
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Email: elflorez@udem.edu.co
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Abstract: Fiber is a by-product in the production of palm oil, it is estimated that 400 tons/year of fiber is generated in the palm industry. In this work, the oil palm fiber was impregnated with Iron followed by a calcination process to obtain an adsorbent and selective material towards the removal of phosphorus present in aqueous solutions. The morphology and structural properties of the adsorbent material were determined by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, to determine the functional groups active in the adsorption process, the adsorbent material was characterized before and after adsorption by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The crystalline phases of the compounds formed during adsorption were determined by X-ray diffraction. The experimental adsorption data were processed using the kinetic models of pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticular diffusion and isotherm models of Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Langmuir-Freundlich. A better fit was found to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating a phosphorus adsorption process limited by chemisorption and to the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface (nLF = 1.08, Langmuir-Freundlich model) with limited adsorption sites. The phosphorus adsorption process was mainly controlled by an ion-exchange mechanism between the anions of phosphorus and the iron species present on the surface of the material.
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Topic: NM - New Materials
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MANUFACTURING A RIGID FOAM USING TETRA PAK POST-CONSUMER PACKAGES
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SALAZAR JURADO EDWIN HERNANDO 1, FONTHAL RIVERA GERARDO 2, GÓMEZ HERNÁNDEZ ENITH AMANDA 3,
1 Universidad Católica del Maule, 2 Universidad del Quindío, 3 Universidad Católica del Maule,
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Email: enith.gomez@alu.ucm.cl
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Abstract: The multilayer packages produced by tetra pak are widely used around the world as aseptic packaging material, which allows products considered perishable to be distributed and stored without refrigeration for long periods of time. Tetra pak packages consist of 75% carton, 20% polyethylene, and 5% aluminum. In a year, tetra pak produces more than 180 billion packages distributed in all world countries. However, according to company reports, recycling is approximately 46 billion packages per year, equivalent to only 25%; the leading cause of these figures is separating polyethylene and aluminum, which requires high-cost technologies. From a general perspective, research related to the recycling of tetra pak packages is diverse, ranging from creating agglomerates used in construction to create elements that serve as shielding to electromagnetic interference. In this work, a rigid foam was developed with post-consumer tetra pak packages, consisting of a compound formed by two phases: a solid and a gaseous one. These materials cover a range of physical properties that cannot be covered with continuous solids. Among the properties are low density, low thermal conductivity, low modulus of elasticity, compressive strength and good acoustic properties, resulting in a wide range of applications. The foam manufacturing process was performed through compression molding with hot plates using low-density polyethylene and aluminum from tetra pak. In addition, two foaming agents are used independently: Safoam PE-80 and a mixture of sodium bicarbonate with sodium citrate for cell structure generation. It was determined that it is relatively simple to include the gas phase using the foaming agent formed by the combination of sodium bicarbonate with sodium citrate. The resulting material is characterized by low density, low thermal conductivity, low acoustic conductivity, and high shock absorption capacity. Therefore, the research results in a new application for tetra pak post-consumer packages that favors social and environmental needs.
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Topic: NM - New Materials
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POTENTIAL RECOVERY OF RARE EARTH MINERALS AS BY-PRODUCTS OF ALLUVIAL GOLD MINING IN THE NORTH-EAST OF ANTIOQUIA, COLOMBIA
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ESTUPIÑAN DURAN HUGO ARMANDO 1, ARENAS GUSTAVO NEIRA 2, OCHOA CORREA LUCIA INES 3,
1 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 3 Universidad Nacional de Colombia,
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Email: liochoa@unal.edu.co
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Abstract: In the last twenty years, rare earth elements have become one of the most important and strategic raw materials and the world has seen a continuously increasing demand, particularly for electronic, magnetic, optical, catalytic, and other advanced device manufacturing, which make them indispensable for almost any industry. Natural sources of rare earth elements, however, are not that “rare”. The difficulty to mine and extract them arises from the fact that it is difficult to find them in concentrations high enough so that mining the ore is economically feasible. It has been shown that alluvial black sands can contain important amounts of rare earth elements and other associated minerals, and could represent an attractive source of these critically important elements. In this work, a preliminary assessment of the composition and physical properties of black sands from the alluvial gold exploitation in the North-east of the Antioquia province, Colombia, has been made, under the perspective of developing a beneficiation process that can be integrated into the current alluvial operation carried out by a local gold extraction company. A combination of particle size distribution was applied through physicochemical analysis and mineralogical characterization, performed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, was applied to establish the presence of rare earth elements minerals in different process streams and in order to depict a plausible route for their potential recovery. Light rare earth elements (La, Ce, Nd) were the main identified recoverable elements, in the form of monazite, with only a minor presence of Th. Other minerals amenable for recovery through the integrated beneficiation process include ilmenite, titanomagnetite, and zircon.
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Topic: NM - New Materials
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STRUCTURAL, ELECTRONIC AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF VSE2, CRSE2, MOSE2 Y WSE2 COMPOUND: A FIRST-PRINCIPLES STUDY
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ESPITIA RICO MIGUEL 1, ORTEGA LÓPEZ CÉSAR 2, DE LA ESPRIELLA N. 3,
1 Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, 2 Universidad de Córdoba, 3 Universidad de Córdoba-Grupo GAMASCO,
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Email: ndelaespriella@correo.unicorba.edu.co
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Abstract: By means of first-principles calculations within the framework of the density functional theory, we calculate the structural and electronic properties of VSe2, CrSe2, MoSe2 y WSe2 compounds in bulk, in the (2H) hexagonal structure with spatial group P63/mmc. The calculation was carried out with the computational QUANTUM Espresso code. We found that the lattices constant of the compound in bulk are 3.14 Å, 3.24 Å, 3.15 Å, and 3.16 Å, respectively. The values are in good agreement with the lattices constant of experimental reports. The electronics and magnetic properties studies show that VSe2 compounds have a metallic ferromagnetic behavior, with a magnetic moment of 1.82 µB/atom. While the CrSe2 compound has a metallic behavior without magnetic properties. Finally, MoSe2 y WSe2 compounds have a semiconductor behavior with Γ-K indirect bands gap of 0.86 eV and 0.89 eV, respectively, and absence of magnetism. These compounds have potential applications in microelectronic, energy storage in batteries, optoelectronics, photocatalysis, etc.
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Topic: NM - New Materials
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STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AND MAGNETIC ASPECTS IN NANOSTRUCTURED (FE92ZR8)96B4 ALLOYS
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GARZON DIEGO 1, BOLIVAR FRANCISCO 2, ARNACHE OSCAR 3, OSTOS CARLOS 4, SÁNCHEZ FRANCISCO H. 5, MARÍN RAMÍREZ J. M. 6,
1 diego.garzon@udea.educo, 2 Universidad de Antioquia, 3 Universidad de Antioquia, 4 Universidad de Antioquia, 5 Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 6 Universidad de Antioquia,
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Email: marcos.marin@udea.edu.co
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Abstract: (Fe92Zr8)96B4 (FZB) alloys were produced in an induction furnace and then reduced in size by mechanically ball-milled in stainless steel vials in Ar atmosphere. Structural, morphological, and magnetic characterization techniques were used to investigate the powder alloys’ evolution as a function of their milling time (0 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 36 h). Structural analysis by X-ray diffraction confirmed that the crystallization phase initially formed is α-Fe, which shows a bcc crystal structure with space group Im-3m. As the milling time increases, the induced stress increments, leading to changes in the lattice parameter value and atomic volume. Thus, lattice parameter values of FZB alloys, are in the range a = 0. 285-0.287 nm. M(H) measurements revealed that the samples are ferromagnetic at room temperature. From the M(H) fits a maximum saturation magnetization Ms ~161 emu/g on FZB-0 and Ms ~150 emu/g on FZB-36 were obtained. Likewise, the FZB-0 and FZB-12 systems are magnetically soft at room temperature with coercive field values below (50 Oe). Finally, by means of Mössbauer spectroscopy, the ferromagnetic character of FZB alloys was confirmed and showed that the hyperfine field distribution in the low-field region is associated with Fe-rich regions in which almost all the nearest neighbors are Fe atoms.
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Topic: NM - New Materials
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SURFACE PLASMON POLARITONS IN A TOPOLOGICAL WEYL SEMIMETAL AND IONIC CRYSTAL SYSTEM ON THE VOIGT CONFIGURATION
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HUILA PORTILLO JORGE LUIS 1, GRANADA ECHEVERRY JUAN CARLOS 2,
1 Universidad del Valle, 2 Universidad del Valle,
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Email: juan.granada@correounivalle.edu.co
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Abstract: The propagation of electromagnetic waves located at the surface of two semi-infinite media is considered, one of which consists of an isotropic ionic crystal with a strong temporal dispersion in the dielectric permittivity, while the second medium is a Weyl semimetal whose topological properties manifest in the presence of an optical anisotropy in the dielectric permittivity tensor, which is induced by the displacement vector (topological vector or Fermi arc) that describes the separation of the Weyl nodes. Special attention is paid to the surface modes that are excited in Weyl semimetals with broken time-reversal symmetry, which are analyzed in the framework of the axion electrodynamics with a topological parameter that depends linearly on the spatial coordinates and whose topological vector is parallel. to the surface, but perpendicular to the wave vector of the surface excitation (Voigt configuration). In this case, the dielectric tensor of the Weyl semimetal contains non-diagonal components, which are inversely proportional to the excitation frequency and are a linear function of the magnitude of the topological vector, while the diagonal components qualitatively correspond to the permittivity of gas of electrons with a plasma frequency lower than that of ion crystal optical phonons. Additionally, the presence of the topological term leads the Fermi arc to manifest itself as an effective magnetic field applied in the space of a moment, in such a way that the dispersion of the surface plasmon of Weyl shares characteristics of the magneto-plasmons in ordinary metals. An analytical expression for the dependence with respect to the magnitude of the wave vector of the frequency of the surface excitation is reported; this result generalizes the recently obtained dispersion relation which describes plasmons in the Voigt configuration located on the surface of a Weyl semimetal with a vacuum. In the case when the retarded effects can be neglected, it is shown that the excitation of three surface modes is possible, the first of which is located in the region close to the polaritonic gap of the ionic crystal and corresponds to the surface plasmon of an ionic crystal which is modified by the presence of the Weyl semimetal. The two remaining surface modes have frequencies that are in the vicinity of the plasma frequency of Weyl semimetal and are interpreted as the splitting experienced by the surface plasmon of the Weyl semimetal due to the temporal dispersion of the dielectric permittivity of the ionic crystal. It is shown that the magnitude of such splitting is asymmetric with respect to the direction of propagation of the respective surface modes, which is in accordance with the non-reciprocal behavior that characterizes the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the Voigt configuration. The existence of these non-reciprocal surface modes, which are due to the chiral anomaly in Weyl semimetals, could have interesting technological applications in the manufacture of microwave signal processing devices.
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Topic: NM - New Materials
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TOPOLOGICAL STEREOTOMIC STRUCTURE USING PALM RACHIS APPLIED TO ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
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GALLARDO PÉREZ HENRY DE JESÚS 1, VERGEL ORTEGA MAWENCY 2, CADENA GONZÁLEZ INNIAS MIGUEL 3,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 2 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 3 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,
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Email: inniasmiguelcg@ufps.edu.co
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Abstract: The use of ancestral construction techniques in wood has evolved throughout history, but consequently many species have been disappearing after indiscriminate logging, but the use of renewable materials is what is needed in the present and future after global pollution and the ecological footprint of materials such as iron or concrete, so it is necessary to glimpse new building materials from a renewable approach. To this end, this research focuses on the use of Attalca Butyracea palm rachis as a sustainable material with a novel application in the field of architecture. For this purpose, a methodology of morphological configuration is applied that appropriates the notion of geometry and topology by applying the concept of topological stereotomic configuration from the operational tools and morphological actions of the Lucas Períes fold, resulting in a proposal of topological stereotomic structure applied to the architectural design of buildings in the municipality of Pelaya, Cesar, Colombia.
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Topic: NM - New Materials
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TRANSITION METAL DISELENIDE MONOLAYERS
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ESPITIA RICO MIGUEL 1, ORTEGA LÓPEZ CÉSAR 2, DE LA ESPRIELLA VÉLEZ NICOLÁS 3,
1 Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, 2 Universidad de Córdoba, 3 UNIVERSIDAD DE CÓRDOBA,
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Email: ndelaespriella@correo.unicordoba.edu.co
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Abstract: In this word we investigated the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of the metal transition VSe2, CrSe2, MoSe2 y WSe2 diselenide monolayers, using the density functional theory. The computational calculations were performed with the QUANTUM Espresso code. The monolayers were modeled in the layered hexagonal (1H) structure with space group # 187 and in the 2x2x1 geometry. The calculated lattice constants of the four monolayers are 3.31 Å, 3.20 Å, 3.32 Å y 3.35 Å, respectively. Furthermore, we found that the values of the exfoliation energies of the monolayers are 18.92 meV/A2 for VSe2, 19.82 meV/A2 for CrSe2, 22.42 meV/A2 for MoSe2 and 33.85 meV/A2 for WSe2. The exfoliation energies of VSe2, CrSe2, MoSe2 monolayers are close to the exfoliation energy of graphene. Therefore, these monolayers are easily exfoliating. While the exfoliation energy of the WSe2 monolayer is higher than that of graphene. Hence, this monolayer is potentially cleavable. The density state studies show that CrSe2, MoSe2 y WSe2 have a semiconductor behavior with Γ-K indirect bands gap of 0.77 eV, 1.44 eV, and1.41 eV, respectively. While VSe2 have a half-metallic ferromagnetic behavior with a magnetic moment of 4.0 µB/cell
These monolayers have potential applications in microelectronic, nanoelectronics, field-effect transistors, sensors, and so on.
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Topic: NM - New Materials
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ANALYSIS OF LARGE DATABASES (BIG DATA) USING PATTERN RECOGNITION TECHNIQUES
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RAMIREZ CARLOS 1, MONTOYA OSCAR DANILO 2,
1 universidad tecnologica de pereira, 2 Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas,
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Email: odmontoyag@udistrital.edu.co
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Abstract: In this document, we carry out a detailed analysis of one of the largest databases to predict its behavior. The database object of our study was Forex. Initially, we will present the study and calculation of different measurements between the samples and their characteristics to make a good prediction of the data and their behavior using different classification methods. The explanation of the techniques for the analysis of the database and the results obtained by means of algorithms implemented in Matlab is then shown.
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Topic: OPC - Online Process Control
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DESIGN OF A CONTROLLER USING LINEAR MATRIX INEQUALITIES FOR A QUARTER CAR MODEL AND ITS COMPARISON WITH A ROBUST CONTROL H_∞
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HOLGUIN MAURICIO 1, GIRAL RAMÍREZ DIEGO ARMANDO 2, ARDILA MARÍN JUAN GONZALO 3,
1 Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira , 2 Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, 3 Universidad Surcolombiana,
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Email: juan.ardila@usco.edu.co
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Abstract: This article presents the development of a linear matrix inequalities control for an active suspension system in a quarter-car model and compares the performance with a robust H_∞ control, neglecting the damping of the tires. The suspension system of a vehicle provides good performance characteristics and driving comfort. This is achieved by isolating the body of the vehicle from road bumps and accelerations produced while driving. Excessive vertical movement of the wheel must be controlled due to the high sensitivity of the human body to vertical vibrations. The suspension systems of a vehicle can be classified into passive, semi-active, and active. Therefore, the need arises to develop an optimal control technique capable of reducing the vibrations produced by road irregularities. Numerous control strategies have been proposed to improve the driving experience, based on quarter-car models or half-car models. For example, an adaptive control methodology with feedback for active suspensions is discussed. Linear quadratic Gaussian control techniques. Implementation of the robust adaptive control with saturation for active suspensions is presented. However, the research raised above focuses on state feedback systems for active suspensions assuming that all states are measurable. Due to this, when one of the state variables of the suspension systems is not measurable, the method is not reliable. Consequently, techniques with output feedback have been developed. A critical point of passenger vehicles is the sensitivity of the human body to vibrations between 4 Hz and 8 Hz in the vertical axis, therefore, this condition must be taken into account in the design of the controller as a restriction on the frequency.
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Topic: OPC - Online Process Control
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DISCRETE-TIME LINEAR QUADRATIC REGULATOR CONTROL WITH GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR A BACK-TO-BACK CONVERTER APPLIED TO WIND ENERGY CONVERSION
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RAMIREZ CARLOS 1, HOLGUIN MAURICIO 2, GIRAL RAMÍREZ DIEGO ARMANDO 3,
1 universidad tecnologica de pereira, 2 Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira , 3 Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas,
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Email: dagiralr@udistrital.edu.co
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Abstract: This document proposes a discrete-time linear quadratic regulator controller for a back-to-back converter, with a genetic algorithm for the selection of the Q and R design matrices, for a doubly-fed induction generator connected to a wind power system. The description of the mathematical model of the converter in state space is also shown in detail. Power electronics seeks to modify, using solid-state devices, the form of presentation of electrical energy. Electronic power converters allow the transformation of electrical energy for wide applications. Its main advantage is efficiency and improved performance, which can allow a great technological advance in terms of the transport and use of electrical energy both at a domestic and industrial level. During the last decades, power converters have reduced both in cost and size and have improved remarkably in terms of efficiency and reliability, which has led to their use in a wide range of applications. In this document, the back-to-back converter will have applications in wind energy using generators (wind turbines), which are responsible for generating the power that will later be injected into the grid. At present, we can mainly find two conversion structures: conversion with a doubly-fed asynchronous machine and conversion with a full-converter synchronous machine. These two structures use a converter made up of two stages, one alternating current/direct current and another direct current/alternating current to connect the machine (rotor or stator respectively) with the network. The use of a doubly-fed induction generator has the main advantage that the converter has to be dimensioned only for the rotor power and not for the total power of the wind turbine as in the case of the full-converter conversion. The converter is usually sized at approximately 30% of the wind turbine's nominal power. On the contrary, as drawbacks, it can be mentioned that it uses slip rings and, especially, that it is very sensitive to network disturbances. The converter is made up of two voltage converters based on insulated gate bipolar transistors, one on the rotor side and the other on the side of the main, connected to each other through a direct current bus. In simple form, the rotor-side converter allows the generator to be controlled in terms of active and reactive power, while the grid-side converter can control the voltage on the direct current bus and ensure the power factor management during the performance.
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Topic: OPC - Online Process Control
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ELEMENTS OF DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY APPLIED IN THE CONTROL OF A SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
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RAMIREZ CARLOS 1, HOLGUIN MAURICIO 2, GIRAL RAMÍREZ DIEGO ARMANDO 3,
1 universidad tecnologica de pereira, 2 Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira , 3 Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas,
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Email: dagiralr@udistrital.edu.co
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Abstract: This document deals with the stabilization of non-linear systems through linearization by state feedback. For this, some definitions of differential geometry are taken such as the concept of vector fields, Lie derivative, Lie bracket, adjoint of a system. All these concepts will be applied to the reduced model of a synchronous generator, to find a control law that manages to bring the outputs of the generator to the desired reference. The stability analysis of any dynamic system modeled by differential equations is necessary for the implementation of controllers that seek to bring the states of the system to a previously established reference. This is why, in the process of designing different types of controllers for electrical power systems, numerous studies about the stability of these systems can be observed, such as in which it is two types of external stability (input-output) and internal stability (associated with the initial conditions). There are different approaches for the analysis of stability and control of dynamic systems, one of them that has generated a high performance compared to classical approaches, are the analyzes based on differential geometry, which has allowed us to understand many phenomena that were previously neglected or which limited their application to only small regions of operation. This document presents an observer-based control, which is responsible for estimating the state variables based on the measurements of the output and control variables. In this document we will work with related non-linear systems in the control, which are observable for all inputs, that is, systems where the observability property will not be affected by the type of inputs that are applied and allow modeling of the form.
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Topic: OPC - Online Process Control
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TECHNICAL COMPARISON OF COMMAND TYPES FOR AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL IN SCADA-AGC-EMS SYSTEMS WITH INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION BASED COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS
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ARIAS LONDOÑO ANDRÉS 1, MOLINA JASON 2, MONTOYA OSCAR DANILO 3,
1 Institución Universitaria Pascual Bravo, 2 XM S.A.E.S.P, 3 Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas,
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Email: odmontoyag@udistrital.edu.co
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Abstract: To preserve the natural balance, stability, and reliability of an electric power system, its frequency is one of the most relevant variables to control; then, control schemes by stages are used. Particularly, the secondary frequency regulation, also known as automatic generation control is done remotely from a system operator’s control center in most cases, they use SCADA-AGC-EMS systems, which are tools for operating electric power systems that in turn use current international regulations that adapt in any case to many supervisory control mechanisms. There are many available options to implement international standards, and there are advantages and disadvantages between them, without invalidating, in any case, the possibility of using them freely. A study of the implications of using the applicable options for the automatic control of electrical systems is presented, evaluating the possibility of falling into deviations from the permissible values of frequency due to failures that are common in the operation of an electrical system. With this premise, we intend to find the best option that minimizes these deviations and in this way is the most adequate to guarantee reliability and stability.
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Topic: OPC - Online Process Control
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EFFECT OF POLARITY, DEPTH AND WELDING CURRENT ON OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF UNDERWATER WET WELDING WITH AUSTENITICS STAINLESS STEEL COATED ELECTRODES
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MORENO URIBE ANDRÉS MAURICIO 1, RODRÍGUEZ ARIAS ARIEL 2, CLEMENTE CARDOSO ALPHONSUS HENRIQUE 3, CONTRERAS MEZA DANNA LIZBETH 4,
1 Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais, 2 Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais, 3 Programa de Pos-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica, 4 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,
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Email: danna1192141@gmail.com
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Abstract: Nowadays, there is a growing need to study and optimize the underwater wet welding process due to its importance in the repair and assembly of structural elements in the naval and offshore industry. However, this process presents a limiting factor, and that is the aquatic environment in which it is developed, which compromises the mechanical properties in the weld due to the higher absorption rates of hydrogen and oxygen atoms coming from the decomposition of water. In addition, the working pressure affects the stability of the process, and the operational characteristics of the technique. Concerning the exposed problem, the shielded metal arc welding process is investigated, since it represents an excellent alternative, because of its low cost, versatility, and the equipment easily available and adaptable to areas of difficult access and great depths. On the other hand, the use of stainless-steel electrodes is very useful (in Air welding), especially in the composition of dissimilar joints, since this material is less susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement compared to ferritic steels and also eliminates the need for post-weld heat treatment of the high strength steel joints. In order to provide a better understanding of the phenomena that define the operational performance of stainless-steel consumables in underwater welding, welds were developed with E309L-17 and E312L-17 electrodes on ASTM A-36 steel plates, at the simulated depths of 0.3 m and 30 m with use of a hyperbaric chamber and a gravity feeding system. Welds were made in both polarities. In this way, voltage and current signals were acquired, and the data processing involved: welding voltage, determination of the sum of the anodic and cathodic drops, calculation of the short-circuit factor and determination of the melting rate. As a result, the collected data shown that the generation of energy is affected by hydrostatic pressure, modifying arc length and increasing number of short circuits events.
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Topic: PAT - Plasma Applications and Technologies
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EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS FOR THE GENERATION OF THIN FILMS TYPE TWO-LAYER SEMICONDUCTOR P AND N OF ZINC OXIDE
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SALAS SARMIENTO YECID JAVIER 1,
1 Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas,
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Email: yjsalass@udistrital.edu.co
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Abstract: Zinc oxide becomes a p or n-type semiconductor, depending on alterations in its crystal lattice due to vacancies or dopants. Usually, in reactive sputtering, the target material is made to react with an atmosphere that is a mixture of argon and oxygen, in such a way that before being deposited on the substrate this target material forms a binary oxide when reacting with the atmosphere; therefore, argon is used simply as accelerated bullets that hit the target due to the electrostatic acceleration of the ionized atom and it will not react chemically with the material extracted from the target. The structural characteristics of the zinc oxide film deposited by X-ray diffraction were obtained and a possible small amount of Nitrogen was noted in several experimental samples. For the rest of the samples, various percentage mixtures were used for argon and oxygen in the deposition atmosphere. Zinc oxide bilayers were assembled, differentiating each layer by its particular reactive atmosphere, which depended on the relative argon-oxygen percentages, and by its cooling procedure both inside and outside the chamber. In some particular bilayers, the diode effect was noted, showing a p-n type bilayer that was measured using the half-wave rectifier technique.
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Topic: PAT - Plasma Applications and Technologies
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INFLUENCE OF MAGNETRON SPUTTERING DEPOSITION PARAMETERS ON THE MANUFACTURE OF HARD COATINGS
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VALBUENA NIÑO ELY DANNIER 1, GARCIA ARLEY 2, PERTUZ COMAS ALBERTO DAVID 3, ENDRINO JOSE L 4,
1 Fundación of Researchers in Science and Technology of Materials, 2 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 3 Universidad Industrial de Santander , 4 Nano4Energy,
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Email: jose.endrino@nano4energy.eu
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Abstract: The implementation of control systems in the physical deposition processes in the vapor phase makes it easy to combine, evaluate and obtain changes in the physical-chemical properties of hard coatings, in that sense different automation alternatives will be evaluated such as: embedded integrate cards, programmable logic controllers and integrated controllers, in order to choose the most suitable interface to implement in the processes of physical deposition in steam phase by magnetron sputtering, varying parameters of temperature, pressure and voltage. This analysis proposes an optimal system that can be adapted in the manufacturing processes of hard coatings, with characteristics that allow the continuous and homogeneous production of coated surfaces.
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Topic: PAT - Plasma Applications and Technologies
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MODIFICATION BY SPUTTERING OF GROUNDING ELECTRODES, EVALUATION OF THEIR ELECTRICAL AND ANTICORROSIVE PERFORMANCE
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SALAS SARMIENTO YECID JAVIER 1,
1 Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas,
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Email: yjsalass@udistrital.edu.co
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Abstract: The possibility of micro-designing an electrical protection system in grounding a simple electrical network is explored. Apart from the usual mechanical performance of the system, there is a need for electrical performance that avoids damaging current rebounds, in addition to maintaining its structural properties and resistance to environmental aggression. The problem is assumed from a materials design point of view using the principle of semiconductor bilayers, widely used in microelectronics. As materials to be explored, binary semiconductor oxides of zinc, copper, and nickel were used, synthesized using the reactive sputtering technique. Excellent mechanical performance was found through regulated characterization techniques: thickness, uniformity, roughness of the substrate, composition, adherence and microstructure; remarkable performance against corrosion, evidenced by potentiodynamic curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; and a diode-like electrical performance that was what you were looking for.
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Topic: PAT - Plasma Applications and Technologies
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USING COMPUTER VISION TECHNIQUES FOR CONTOUR DETECTION IN UNDERWATER WET WELDING: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY
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ORTIZ SOLANO JORGE LUIS 1, MORENO URIBE ANDRÉS MAURICIO 2, ACEVEDO JAIMES BRAYAN RENE 3, LIMA II EDUARDO JOSÉ 4, RODRÍGUEZ ARIAS ARIEL 5,
1 Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais, 2 Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais, 3 Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais, 4 Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais, 5 Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais,
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Email: arielra@demec.ufmg.br
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Abstract: It has been identified that in wet underwater welding, the bubble formation and separation process is related to the stability of the welding arc, and consequently, to the quality of the mechanical properties of the weld metal and the areas immediately adjacent to it. This is why evaluating in detail the phenomenon of gas origination, between the fusion pool and the tip of the electrode, considering its behavior and the time of permanence in this area, is essential in the search for the combination of the suitable welding parameters to achieve the desired mechanical characteristics in the welded joint. Recent studies have characterized the variation of the size of these bubbles as a function of the variation in welding parameters such as the magnitude and direction of the current flow. The standard of comparison has been the mean of the largest horizontal diameter of the area projected in the image. However, this procedure is done manually. In this way, these investigations motivated the application of computer vision algorithms for pattern recognition that enhance a better understanding of the dynamics of bubbles. At the moment, the quality of the images produced does not meet the requirements of the state of the art of image processing algorithms. This generated the need to carry out a preliminary test under controlled conditions where the detection and the object registration process were tuned. The objective of this research was to develop an algorithm that would allow the detection of the bubbles generated by a vaporizer in a controlled lighting environment with high contrast for the detection of the edges of the formed droplets. For this, exploratory work was carried out where this algorithm detected the bubbles with high precision, compared to the studies carried out in the literature. For the processing of data, algorithms provided by OpenCV were used to binarize the image. Then the fine contours function was arbitrarily chosen for the detection and measurement of the projected areas. In addition, for tracking the bubbles over time, algorithms proposed in the literature were adapted to the needs of the process and then used. The results generated by the algorithm allowed the detection and monitoring of the bubbles, as well as the interaction between them. The variables recorded were the calculation of the diameter as a function of the projected area, the detachment rate, and the average speed.
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Topic: PAT - Plasma Applications and Technologies
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ANALYSIS OF THERMAL EFFICIENCY IN A STEAM GENERATOR SET BY THE INDIRECT METHOD
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ESPINEL BLANCO EDWIN 1, FLOREZ SOLANO EDER NORBERTO 2, VELÁSQUEZ PÉREZ TORCOROMA 3,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña, 2 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña, 3 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Seccional Ocaña,
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Email: tvelasquezp@ufpso.edu.co
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Abstract: A methodology is proposed to carry out the study of the thermal efficiency of the steam generator set in a dairy products plant. The methodology was applied following the guidelines of the indirect method described in the international standard ASME PTC4. Initially, a thermodynamic analysis was made for the two firetube boilers of the generator set, for the transmission lines and the steam traps. The stages of the process were defined in which the measurements of the state variables were recorded according to the analysis of the thermodynamic cycle, in order to determine the overall efficiency of the generator set, the result of which was compared with the steam consumption in the plant. which was previously calculated based on steam requirements. The analysis allowed us to identify the mass flow of fuel necessary to generate the adequate quantity of steam for the plant's consumption, considering the technical characteristics of the boilers and the process requirements. The required fuel rate in terms of mass flow was determined to operate the generator set in such a way that it satisfies the steam flow requirements for the different stages of the process, this makes it possible to make decisions in real-time on the effectiveness of the operation. This analysis makes it possible to increase the energy efficiency of the plant, reduce fuel consumption, and control heat losses in equipment and steam ducts, thereby reducing the environmental impact generated during global steam generation and transmission.
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Topic: RE - Renewable Energy
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PERSPECTIVE AND FUTURE IN THE PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN AND THE IMPORTANCE OF BRAZIL IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED IN THE PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS
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DE SOUZA GUIMARÃES CLAUDINEI 1,
1 Federal University of Rio de Janeiro,
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Email: claudinei@eq.ufrj.br
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Abstract: Decarbonization is a viable and necessary goal in Latin America and the Caribbean, as it is committed to sustainable development, mitigation, and adaptation to climate change. Although fossil fuels have so far been the most used in most of these countries, there has been an increase in the use of renewable energies in recent decades, such as wind, hydroelectric, biomass and bioenergy. Latin America, in particular, presents an environmental and continuous problem of increasing the production of organic waste and its disposal in rural and urban areas. In many countries, sustainable waste management, as well as waste prevention and reduction, has become an important political priority, representing an important part of common efforts to reduce pollution and mitigate global climate change. Some countries in Latin America have a high potential for the production of biogas in the agro-industrial sector, especially the sugar-energy sector, and in the treatment of animal and urban waste. However, the lack of technical solutions and the use of national technologies that make biogas production and use economically viable is one of the main obstacles in the viability of the entry of this biofuel in its energy matrices. In this sense, Brazil has developed technologies applied in farms, sites, residences, and industries in the country, because in addition to solving the problem of waste and sewage discharges, it produces biogas as clean and sustainable energy.
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Topic: RE - Renewable Energy
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ANALYSIS OF TECHNIQUES TO DEPOSIT AN ANTIBIOTIC FILM ON AN IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVASCULAR ELECTRONIC DEVICE EXPOSED TO STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS STRAINS
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SANABRIA CALA JAVIER ALBERTO 1, CONDE RODRÍGUEZ GERSON RAFAEL 2, MANCILLA ESTUPIÑÁN ROBINSON ANDRÉS 3, PABÓN JORFAN 4, AZA TORRES OSCAR IVÁN 5, LOZANO RODRIGUEZ YEISON 6,
1 Universidad de Santander UDES, 2 Universidad Industrial de Santander , 3 Universidad de Santander UDES, 4 Universidad Manuela Beltrán, 5 Universidad Manuela Beltrán , 6 Universidad de Santander UDES,
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Email: Yeisonl.r_97@hotmail.com
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Abstract: Implantable cardiovascular electronic devices are now an essential part of clinical practice in cardiology. The presence in a large number of the adult population of problems in the electrical conduction system and several indications with multiple comorbidities has led to an increase in the use of implantable cardiovascular electronic devices. However, the application benefit of these devices has been affected by the higher incidence of infections, which represent a serious complication that can lead to significant morbidity, mortality, and cost for health centers due to antibiotic treatments, device replacement, and longer hospitalization times. For this reason, the present analysis is oriented to the possibility of reducing the dissemination of Staphylococcus Aureus by evaluating different techniques for the adsorption of a vancomycin antibiotic film in implantable cardiovascular electronic devices. Through this analysis it is possible to establish a new alternative prophylactic method to avoid risks to the health of patients who have problems in the electrical conduction system, which are prone to becoming infected by Staphylococcus Aureus strains during the implantation of the device; in this way, the infection can be controlled locally without requiring removal of the initial device and thus avoid an intracardiac compromise that leads to major complications such as endocarditis.
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Topic: SETISI - Science, Engineering, Technology and Innovation for Social Inclusion.
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ANALYSIS OF THE SAFETY AND DEFLECTION FACTOR OF AN AUTOMATIC DESTRESSING PROTOTYPE IN CATTLE
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ARÉVALO RUEDAS JOSÉ HUMBERTO 1, HERNÁNDEZ CRIADO JUAN CARLOS 2, HURTADO LUGO NAUDIN ALEJANDRO 3,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander , 2 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 3 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,
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Email: nhurtado.lugo@ufpso.edu.co
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Abstract: Animal welfare has been a key issue to ensure an improved level of primary production, aiming at reducing stress and improving the profitability of production systems. The objective of this work was to determine the factor of safety and deflection of a prototype of an automatic de-stressing device for cattle. A simulation of static strength analysis and deflection of the main structure of the bovine de-stressor was performed, choosing a material according to the ASTM A36 standard (density of 7850 kg/m^3) and using the Von Mises methodology in the SolidWorks software. In addition, the input parameters of the simulation were; solid mesh type with the curvature of combined, with four fixed fasteners (bolts), two external loads of 150 N with tensile limits of 4e+08 N/m^2, and yield strength of 2.5e+08 N/m^2. It was shown that, by means of the static strength analysis and deflection, the resulting simulated safety factor gave a minimum value of 6.12, at the most critical point of the structure, yielding a deflection of 1631 mm, at the most distal point. It can be concluded that the simulation with the initial input parameters and the selected material can withstand the loads (300 N) at the critical points. In addition, the factor of safety at the most critical point of the structure proved to be adequate for use in cattle. It was also evidenced that the deflection at the most distal point was minimal without compromising the design of the prototype.
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Topic: SETISI - Science, Engineering, Technology and Innovation for Social Inclusion.
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DEVELOPMENT OF A MECHANICAL CUSHIONING SYSTEM FOR PALMISTE LOADING EQUIPMENT FOR A COMPANY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF CESAR, COLOMBIA
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ESPINEL BLANCO EDWIN 1, FLOREZ SOLANO EDER NORBERTO 2, AMOROCHO CARVAJAL WALKIS ENRIQUE 3,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña, 2 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Ocaña, 3 universidad Francisco de paula Santander ocaña,
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Email: weamorochoc@ufpso.edu.co
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Abstract: The transformation of the African palm fruit takes place entirely in the profit plant division. One of its final products is known as palmiste cake; it is packed in sacks and transported to the cellars by the use of trailers. These cargo transport vehicles are tractor-driven devices that do not contain suspension systems which makes it very fair, this leads to many premature failures such as the breakage of the wheels, premature wear of drawbar rims, and wheel bearings, among other things. For this reason, this work shows the design of a flexible suspension system for the trailer, of low cost and in this way improve the useful life of the mechanical elements that contain it to reduce the replacement time.
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Topic: SETISI - Science, Engineering, Technology and Innovation for Social Inclusion.
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DISABILITY AND LABOR INSERTION: THE NEW CHALLENGE FOR EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
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VELÁSQUEZ PÉREZ TORCOROMA 1, ARRIETA SÁNCHEZ MARÍA ALEJANDRA 2, CASTRO SILVA HUGO FERNANDO 3,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Seccional Ocaña, 2 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander seccional Ocaña, 3 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia,
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Email: hugocastrosilva@hotmail.com
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Abstract: The current political and economic situation makes it necessary to develop technology strategies that promote the inclusion of groups in conditions of vulnerability. Disability transcends all class, age, gender, borders, or nationality, it goes beyond political, religious, or socioeconomic factors. Scientific and technological developments must allow labor and social inclusion for people with any type of limitation. This research proposes a model of information technology governance and management for the labor insertion of people with physical disabilities. A theoretical-critical approach is proposed on working conditions towards this population group. Confirmatory factor analysis techniques are used. Research brings innovation to the hiring process, including good information technology corporate governance practices.
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Topic: SETISI - Science, Engineering, Technology and Innovation for Social Inclusion.
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EFFECT OF DIFFUSE SCATTERING DUE TO MATERIALS SURFACE ON MILLIMETER WAVE PROPAGATION
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PALACIOS ALVARADO WLAMYR 1, GÓMEZ ROJAS JORGE 2, MEDINA DELGADO BYRON 3,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 2 Universidad del Magdalena, 3 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,
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Email: byronmedina@ufps.edu.co
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Abstract: In this work, we investigate how diffuse scattering contributes to specular reflection in received power due to materials in the propagation environment in a communication channel using millimeter waves (57 GHz – 64 GHz). The dimensions of the construction materials of the buildings have sizes comparable with the wavelength at millimeter-wave frequencies. The power transmitted by communication equipment can be reflected specularly by the roughness of these apparently smooth materials or be dispersed in multiple directions. Results show that the contribution due to diffuse scattering must be taken into account and that deterministic models using optical theory are valid in a predictive analysis with high precision.
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Topic: SETISI - Science, Engineering, Technology and Innovation for Social Inclusion.
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OPTIMIZATION OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION PROCESSES
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DUEÑAS RAMIREZ LEIDY MARCELA 1, HORTA GOMEZ OSCAR JULIAN 2, VILLEGAS LOPEZ GUSTAVO ADOLFO 3,
1 Universidad EAFIT, 2 Universidad EAFIT, 3 Universidad EAFIT,
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Email: gvillega@eafit.edu.co
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Abstract: Access to electricity service in a territory is one of the most important indicators that correlate with the level of development of a nation. Consequently, the transmission of electric power is fundamental to boost the quality of life and reduce the poverty level of a population. Guaranteeing energy transmission with quality, reliability, and availability standards boosts a country's economic growth. This is why implementing an audit model to the integral management of the processes involved in energy transmissions, such as project construction, operation, maintenance, and renewal would allow the identification of good practices that can be standardized and in turn, identify gaps in management that should be closed in these processes This research work is a case study of an organization that provides electric energy transmission service in Colombia where the emphasis is placed on the importance of implementing processes with high-quality standards in organizations in charge of energy transmission with assets operating at voltages equal to or higher than 220 kV. This work also seeks to mark a roadmap to comply with resolution 023 de 2016 ("Comisión de Regulación de Energía y Gas, Colombia"). The main results obtained show that this research can be implemented by other organizations in different sectors such as energy transportation, energy generation, hydrocarbons, roads, among others, given the high impacts that can be had by its operation with the surrounding communities, with this exercise in an integrated manner we can comply with the monitoring of the expectations of these communities and seek the development of the country.
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Topic: SETISI - Science, Engineering, Technology and Innovation for Social Inclusion.
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PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF BLUE FABRIC DYE USING STRONTIUM ALUMINATE DOPED WITH EUROPIUM AND DYSPROSIUM
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PEÑA RODRIGUEZ GABRIEL 1, ROLÓN RODRIGUEZ YESICA MILENA 2, BENITEZ GUERRERO NEIDY STEFANY 3,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 2 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander , 3 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander ,
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Email: neidystefanybg@ufps.edu.co
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Abstract: The degradation of Iris® No. 17 (CI Direct Blue 151, CI24175) fabric blue dye in water was studied by photocatalysis using strontium aluminate powders doped with europium and dysprosium (SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+). Photocatalysis was performed using a Sylvania® UVC-15 lamp (λ = 255 nm, 15 W). Using UV/vis spectrophotometry (Thermo Scientific ® GENESYS 10S), the efficiency in the removal of the concentration of the dye was determined, a process that was studied for one hour for different concentrations of the dye and two concentrations of strontium aluminate powders, to know the degree reaction in photocatalytic kinetics. The morphology and composition of the strontium aluminate powders were determined by means of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray fluorescence, on the other hand, the pH, the total dissolved solids, and the electrical conductivity of the samples of water with the dyes were measured using the SI Analytics® HandyLab 680 multiparameter. Our results show a heterogeneous morphology of micrometric particles of the strontium aluminate powders typical of the solid-state synthesis of the precursors, finding a chemical composition in percentage by weight of SrO, followed by Al2O3, and with small amounts of Eu2O3 Dy2O3. On the other hand, an efficiency of 100% in the degradation of the dye was found for a strontium aluminate powders concentration of 500 mg/L and one hour of radiation interaction, while when 1000 mg/L of strontium aluminate powders were used, the efficiency decreased to 98%, likewise, kinetics was found in the photocatalytic degradation of the first order dye, for the concentration of 60 mg/L of the dye and one hour of UVC radiation interaction.
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Topic: SETISI - Science, Engineering, Technology and Innovation for Social Inclusion.
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ROADMAP FOR DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION INCORPORATION
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VERA CONTRERAS MILTON JESÚS 1, PUERTO CUADROS EDUARD GILBERTO 2, VERA RIVERA FREDY HUMBERTO 3,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 2 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 3 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,
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Email: fredyhumbertovera@ufps.edu.co
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Abstract: Digital transformation is conceived as a process for the significant improvement of organizations, through the incorporation and intelligent integration of emerging technologies, linked to the organization, computing, computerized information processing and Information and communications technology in general. It involves the synergy between several disciplines, in particular management sciences, engineering, computer sciences and other information and communication technologies related disciplines. However, digital transformation does not appear naturally and is difficult in non-information and communication technologies disciplines. Therefore, this paper proposes a roadmap what detail the process of incorporating digital transformation in these areas. Also, discuss the interdisciplinary scope of the digital transformation and its impact on different areas of knowledge, such as applied and pure sciences, engineering, health, agricultural, environment, and the modeling and simulation of physic-mathematical processes. Finally, we highlight research paths and topics that can be addressed in future research. Our reflection is useful for professionals and researchers in this era of changes derived from Information and communication technologies.
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Topic: SETISI - Science, Engineering, Technology and Innovation for Social Inclusion.
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COST COMPARISON BETWEEN SHORT BRIDGES SIMPLY SUPPORTED WITH REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS, POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE AND STRUCTURAL STEEL
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PINEDA RODRIGUEZ JOSE RICARDO 1, ROJAS SUAREZ JHAN PIERO 2, PRATO DUARTE FABIAN ALBERTO 3,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 2 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 3 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,
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Email: fabianalbertoprdu@ufps.edu.co
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Abstract: Bridges are works of road infrastructure, designed and built in order to overcome obstacles, whether natural or artificial. Since ancient times, bridges are the expression of its will to overcome the obstacles it encounters on the way to its goal, thus being bridges the testimony of progress, power and decadence, since it speaks to us of the culture and mentality of the peoples. The objective of the study is to identify which type of short bridge, simply supported, has the greatest economic viability for a given length between supports. In order to develop this research, a comparative cost analysis was carried out for three different types of short bridges designed with reinforced concrete decks supported on: reinforced concrete beams; post-tensioned concrete beams; and structural steel beams. A methodology with a quantitative approach of descriptive scope and comparative design was proposed. The development of the research is based on the structural design of the three evaluated short bridge construction systems, on which the materials of each of the bridge elements were dimensioned, schematized and quantified for the preparation of budgets. It was concluded that the bridge with reinforced concrete deck is the most economical alternative for the realization of short span bridges of 12 meters and 26 meters, and post-tensioned bridge decks are shown as an alternative since it turned out to be more economical for a span of 18 meters, and bridges with metal beam and reinforced concrete deck being the most expensive alternative, since they significantly increase the cost of the bridge and it is not recommended to use it as an alternative from an economic point of view for short bridges with spans less than 26 meters.
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Topic: SI - Structural Integrity
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IMPACT OF PLASTICIZERS ON THE QUALITY OF CONCRETE USED IN CONSTRUCTIONS
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PALACIOS ALVARADO WLAMYR 1, MEDINA DELGADO BYRON 2, GARZÓN AGUDELO PEDRO ANTONIO 3,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 2 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 3 UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER,
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Email: pedroantonioga@ufps.edu.co
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Abstract: Concrete has a significant presence in the construction of buildings and civil works in society, and because of this, its use requires taking into account a series of standards, specifications and technologies that ensure the quality expected by material manufacturers and builders. One factor to consider is the use of plasticizers, which implies an adequate programming from the design to the completion of the work; reflection that originated the idea of this article whose objective is to highlight the importance of plasticizers in the quality of the concrete used in construction; based on a methodology of qualitative and quantitative approach through a documentary research, the sources of information relevant to the subject matter of knowledge were reviewed and selected, such as the theories on concrete and plasticizers, which present very favorable results with the application of the additive or plasticizers as water reducers that increase its resistance in the materials; and at a general level it is concluded that the main influential aspect in the quality of its use is the adequate dosage of these additives to achieve optimum results.
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Topic: SI - Structural Integrity
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IMPLEMENTATION OF TITE LINER TECHNIQUE FOR MAINTENANCE AND REHABILITATION OF A COLOMBIAN OIL PIPELINE
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SANABRIA CALA JAVIER ALBERTO 1, CONDE RODRÍGUEZ GERSON RAFAEL 2, MANTILLA DURÁN MANUEL ANDRÉS 3, LOZANO RODRÍGUEZ YEISON 4, MARTÍNEZ TORRES FERMÍN 5,
1 Universidad de Santander UDES, 2 Universidad Industrial de Santander , 3 Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, 4 Universidad de Santander UDES, 5 Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana,
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Email: fermin.martinez.2020@upb.edu.co
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Abstract: During the last decades petrochemical industry has consolidated as one of the largest productive sectors in the world, mainly due to its great contribution to energy demand, transportation and industries that use petroleum derivatives as raw materials to elaborate multiple products. One of the greatest challenges for petrochemical industry is corrosion prevention, mitigation and control, a phenomenon that generates a high negative impact due to degradation of materials used in the different stages of oil processing, and that in recent years has been recurrent due to heavy crude oils processing. For pipes machined from carbon steel, there are different mechanisms of damage due to internal corrosion that are generated by corrosive agents such as organic acids and sulfur, and that are increased due to crude oil transport conditions, such as: flow rate, temperature and pressure. Therefore, in this work the Tite Liner technique is established as a tangible alternative for maintenance and repair of oil pipelines in Colombia. In this way, the implementation of this technique was carried out to repair a Colombian oil pipeline that presented integrity problems, and results showed an optimization in the pipeline operating parameters, thus increasing productivity by guaranteeing its integrity and extending its service life, thereby achieving a significant cost reduction for petrochemical industry.
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Topic: SI - Structural Integrity
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VALUATION OF LA LAGUNA DAM
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ROJAS SUAREZ JHAN PIERO 1, GALLARDO PÉREZ HENRY DE JESÚS 2, VERGEL ORTEGA MAWENCY 3,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 2 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 3 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,
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Email: mawencyvergel@ufps.edu.co
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Abstract: The reservoir known as the Zulalá Lagoon, is one of the major tourist attractions of the municipality of Cacota, located in the department of Norte de Santander, in the region of the Santurbán paramo, Colombia, it is considered strange because in this mountainous area almost all the water descends instantaneously due to the verticality of the terrain. The lagoon's dam is trapezoidal in shape and measures 12 meters along the top of the lagoon, 5 meters high, and 8 meters at its base. This is the source of the La Laguna stream that flows into the Cacota River, Colombia, and the municipality's water resources depend on it through a water network that is formed in the Mata de Lata Village, Colombia. The research, of a descriptive quantitative type, consisted of calculating the pressure exerted by the water on the dam, its current state, since corrosion is observed in its structure, and determining the dam's resistance to this hydrostatic pressure in order to propose types and guidelines for periodic maintenance with the purpose of preventing the formation of cracks and possible leaks, as well as other deterioration that may occur in the dam over time. It is found that the dam resists a force exerted by the water pressure of 116000 kgf, presents a deterioration of 8% in its surface layer and there is still no evidence of cracks.
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Topic: SI - Structural Integrity
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ASSESSMENT OF THE WEAR AND CORROSION PROPERTIES OF THE TI6AL4V ALLOY MANUFACTURED BY ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING WITH ANODIZED
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CELY GONZÁLEZ ANGÉLICA 1, PINEDA TRIANA YANETH 2,
1 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, 2 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia,
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Email: yaneth.pineda@uptc.edu.co
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Abstract: The Ti6Al4V alloy is a metallic material used as a biomaterial due to its biocompatibility and resistance to corrosion, it forms an oxide layer on the surface that provides protection against the biological environment. The research focuses on determining the level of wear and corrosion of the Ti6Al4V alloy manufactured by additive manufacturing as well as the titanium specimen produced by forging subjected to anodizing. During the experimental procedure, the material was subjected to metallographic polishing, microstructural characterization, chemical composition, microhardness, and preliminary tests for the choice of the electrolyte, allowing to define the use of sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide, for a time of 5 minutes, with a voltage of 20 V and 40 V. The results obtained were organized in tables and graphs that show the usefulness of treating titanium surfaces under the anodizing technique. It was found that the voltage of 40 V produces a uniform oxide layer, of adequate thickness and stability that adheres better to the surface of the alloy, reducing the level of wear and the rate of corrosion. It was defined that the most suitable electrolyte is H2SO4, since NaOH produces more corrosion. The corrosion rate of the sample subjected to Hank's solution decreases during anodizing due to the formation of a dense oxide layer on the alloy, which causes the impedance to increase to 10.11 Kohms characteristic of high corrosion resistance. The indentation depth of the unanodized alloy is 11.1 µm, while in the specimen anodized with H2SO4 the indentation depth is 6.78 µm, reducing the level of wear. When exposing the two samples in Hank's solution, the specimen made by forging anodized with H2SO4, the corrosion rate is 0.0696 mpy and in the specimen made by 3D printing the corrosion rate increases to 0.68 mpy, allowing to observe that the specimen manufactured by forging has greater resistance to corrosion.
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Topic: SM - Surface Modification (Ion Implantation, Ion Nitriding, Magnetron Sputtering, Cathodic Arc, Sol-Gel, Thermal Spray)
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COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS OF 4% NI DOPING IN CO3O4 NANOSTRUCTURES OBTAINED BY HYDROTHERMAL AND SOL-GEL TECHNIQUES USING RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
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BARBA ORTEGA JOSÉ JOSÉ 1, CARDENAS FLECHAS LEYDI JULIETA 2, RINCÓN JOYA MIRYAM 3,
1 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 3 Universidad Nacional de Colombia,
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Email: mrinconj@unal.edu.co
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Abstract: In the present investigation, the synthesis of Co3O4 was carried out with 4% nickel doping and subsequent calcination at 400 °C, 600 °C, and 800 °C by the sol-gel and hydrothermal techniques in order to compare the results obtained by each route of synthesis in the spinel structure. The product obtained was characterized by X-ray diffraction showing a pure nanocrystalline phase of cobalt tetraoxide with complete replacement of nickel in the network for the hydrothermal technique and the appearance of a residual phase of nickel oxide by means of the sol-gel technique. Scanning electron microscopy images for both types of samples are composed of assembled agglomerated particles that indicate uniform homogeneity and good connectivity between the grains. Good thermal stability can be observed since the general structures at each of the calcination temperatures are intact for both techniques. The characterization of the samples by Raman spectroscopy indicates that there are five active Raman modes (A1g + Eg + 3F2g) corresponding to the phase of the spinel structure of Co3O4, depending on the calcination temperature, with perceptible displacements, as well as a variation in the shape of the peaks, visibly greater for that of nickel doping and the higher temperature, which can be attributed to the effect of temperature that generates a distortion of the network and a change in the grain size of the associated Co3O4 structure to the formation of vacant surface oxygen.
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Topic: SM - Surface Modification (Ion Implantation, Ion Nitriding, Magnetron Sputtering, Cathodic Arc, Sol-Gel, Thermal Spray)
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EFFECT OF PLASMA MODIFICATION IN BANANA AND PINEAPPLE FIBERS ON THE PROPERTIES OF A POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL-FIBER MATERIAL
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ESTUPIÑAN DURAN HUGO ARMANDO 1, FRANCO GÓMEZ TATIANA 2, HORMAZA ANAGUANO ANGELINA 3,
1 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 3 Universidad Nacional de Colombia,
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Email: ahormaza@unal.edu.co
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Abstract: The use of natural fibers is of great scientific and technological interest on the physical-mechanical properties of composite materials, such as rigidity, biodegradability, and even hydrophobicity; which are properties required for different applications, such as food packaging, exchange membranes, retention and release of organic and inorganic solids, materials in the automotive industry, biomedical engineering products, and in general, for all biotechnological use. The objective of this work was to obtain a composite material with a polyethylene glycol polymer and using pineapple and banana fibers treated with a cold plasma method as reinforcement. In this order of ideas, plasma treatments by glow discharge were carried out on both types of fibers, using two different gaseous atmospheres and alternating current and time. In addition to the physicochemical characterization of the fibers with and without treatment, characterization of different types of composite materials polyethylene glycol-untreated banana fiber, polyethylene glycol-untreated pineapple fiber, polyethylene glycol-treated pineapple fiber, polyethylene glycol-fiber of treated banana, and polyethylene glycol without fiber by shore hardness, scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope in force mode, micro Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and compositional analysis by bromatology to the treated and untreated fibers. As a result of this, a significant increase in the hydrophobicity of the fibers was evidenced, with contact angles greater than 100° in the fibers treated by the plasma; a decrease in roughness, increase in stiffness, and decrease in cellulose content and of lignin; managing to transfer part of these properties, mainly hydrophobicity, to the developed composite material, going from a contact angle close to 0° to angles of 25.9° and 37.26° for the pineapple and banana fibers respectively.
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Topic: SM - Surface Modification (Ion Implantation, Ion Nitriding, Magnetron Sputtering, Cathodic Arc, Sol-Gel, Thermal Spray)
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INFLUENCE OF NICKEL ADDITION IN THE VIBRATIONAL, OPTICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SPINEL COBALT OXIDE NANOPARTICLES
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CARDENAS FLECHAS LEYDI JULIETA 1, RINCÓN JOYA MIRYAM 2, XURIGUERA MARTÍN ELENA 3, PADILLA SÁNCHEZ JOSE ANTONIO 4, CHIMENOS RIBERA JOSEP MA. 5,
1 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 3 Universitat de Barcelona, 4 Universitat de Barcelona, 5 Universitat de Barcelona,
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Email: chimenos@ub.edu
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Abstract: The synthesis of Co3O4 and Co3O4 doped with nickel at 1% and 16% were carried out by means of the sol-gel technique, using C19H42BrN and urea as precursors and H2O as solvent. Subsequently, the final product was calcined at 800 °C. To evaluate the structural, vibrational, and optical effect generated by the addition of nickel in the spinel structure of cobalt oxide, the characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction results indicate the appearance of the spinel phase of Co3O4 with preferential orientation in the plane (311) and the appearance of a residual phase of NiO generated by nickel doping that failed to be incorporated into the structure of Co3O4, the Fourier infrared spectroscopy results show the appearance of two absorption bands ʋ1 and ʋ2 at 543 cm-1 and 651cm-1 associated with the vibration of the metal-oxygen bond (Co-O or Ni-O) in the cobalt spinel structure. Raman analyzes indicate that with doping at 1% there are five Raman peaks that belong to the active modes of Co3O4 caused by reticular vibrations of the spinel structure of cobalt, with doping at 16% a displacement of the peaks is observed caused by the addition of nickel. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images indicate agglomerated nanoparticles with a semi-hexagonal shape, which are related to the calcination temperature.
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Topic: SM - Surface Modification (Ion Implantation, Ion Nitriding, Magnetron Sputtering, Cathodic Arc, Sol-Gel, Thermal Spray)
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OPTICAL DIAGNOSIS OF THE TEMPERATURE OF MULTI-CHARGED TITANIUM IONS IN AN ELECTRIC ARC DISCHARGE
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PARADA BECERRA FREDY FABIÁN 1, DUGAR-ZHABÓN VALERIY 2, TSYGANKOV PETR 3,
1 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 2 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 3 Universidad Industrial de Santander,
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Email: piotrtsy@mail.ru
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Abstract: The identification of the active species in the processing of materials assisted by plasma is a fundamental factor to carry out the implantation with ions of multiple energies with respect to the applied potential. However, some instability of the source used to power the electric arc system, together with an unavoidable noise in data acquisition, represent certain difficulties or limitations in the use of electric probes for the identification of multi-charged metal ions. A convenient alternative method consists of the use of optical spectroscopy techniques to make the identification with acceptable precision of the degree of ionization and the temperature of these species. The information regarding the ionic composition and the degree of ionization of an electric arc discharge was obtained through an analysis of its optical emission spectrum. The data obtained offers an additional route to assess its reliability. The discharge with titanium cathode is used whose emission lines (Ti+, Ti++, and Ti+++) are correlated with their temperatures (TTi+ = 8888 ± 490 ºk, TT i++ = 8766 ± 570 ºk, and TTi+++ = 8758 ± 525 ºk ).
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Topic: SM - Surface Modification (Ion Implantation, Ion Nitriding, Magnetron Sputtering, Cathodic Arc, Sol-Gel, Thermal Spray)
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STUDY OF PRESSURE-TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS IN NITRIDING PROCESSES WITH PLASMA
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PARADA BECERRA FREDY FABIÁN 1, TSYGANKOV PETR 2, CAMACHO HERNÁNDEZ YENSUR HARVEY 3, PÁEZ GONZÁLEZ CARLOS JOSÉ 4, MARTINEZ AMARIZ ALEJANDRO DAVID 5, DUGAR-ZHABÓN VALERIY 6, OROZCO OSPINO EDUARDO ALBERTO 7,
1 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 2 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 3 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 4 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 5 Unidades Tecnológicas de Santander
/ Universidad de Santander, 6 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 7 Universidad Industrial de Santander,
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Email: eaorozco@uis.edu.co
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Abstract: The modern industrial hardening coatings as DUPLEX (Buehler-Eufillier) are a surface layer resulting from the nitriding process of a substrate followed by the application of a hardening film. In this work, we study the effect of the pressure (P1 = 1000 Pa, P2 = 400 Pa, and P3 = 200 Pa) in the nitriding process of high-speed steel substrates carried out inside the Joint Universal Plasma and Ion Technologies Experimental Reactor. We also present the development of a temperature measurement system through a sensor with a ceramic insert of aluminum nitride. A type K thermocouple measures the temperature of a ceramic disc made of aluminum nitride that is in contact with the substrate. The high thermal conductivity of aluminum nitride and the galvanic insulation of the sensor guarantee high precision in the measurement. This device enabled us to control the temperature during the whole process between the range of 470 °C-570 °C. Our results show the optimal pressure to be 200 Pa. For higher pressures, the re-sputtering effect inhibits the nitriding process through the formation of free thin coatings.
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Topic: SM - Surface Modification (Ion Implantation, Ion Nitriding, Magnetron Sputtering, Cathodic Arc, Sol-Gel, Thermal Spray)
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YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS DEPOSITED BY ATMOSPHERIC PLASMA SPRAYING AT CENAPROT: PROCESS ANALYSIS AND INFILTRATION BEHAVIOR AGAINST VOLCANIC ASHES
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MUNOZ SALDANA JUAN 1, RIVERA GIL MARCO ANTONIO 2, SCHULZ UWE 3, LOZANO MANDUJANO DAVID 4, NARAPARAJU RAVISANKAR 5, TRÁPAGA MARTINEZ GERARDO 6,
1 Cinvestav-Queretaro, 2 Cinvestav, 3 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt, 4 Cinvestav, 5 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Ramufahrt, 6 Cinvestav,
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Email: trapaga@cinvestav.mx
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Abstract: Thermal barrier coatings have enabled the increase of the operational temperature of turbine engines used in air transportation. Increasing the gas turbine temperature critical conditions of safety associated with phase stability for most widely used material 7-8 wt% Yttria stabilized zirconia is reached. In addition to the inherent physicochemical restrictions of Yttria stabilized zirconia at high temperatures, its interaction with siliceous airborne particles at temperatures above 1200 °C has conducted to sediments of calcium-magnesium-aluminum-silicates found in failed engines and represent a major concern since the last decades. The high-temperature isothermal infiltration behavior of volcanic ashes and the corresponding phase stability Yttria stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings produced by atmospheric plasma spray are presented here. Three volcanic ashes from the Eyjafjallajökull, Colima and Popocatepetl and volcanoes have been used in this work. Also, three sets of /YSZ coatings with low (~ 10%), medium (~ 20%), and high (~ 30%) porosity levels obtained from an optimization process by the design of experiments at CENAPROT are analyzed. Preceding the infiltration experiments, physicochemical characterization of the volcanic ashes were carried out including thermal analyses by differential scanning calorimetry, structural studies by X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer chemical composition measurements. Thermal barrier coatings infiltration tests were carried out isothermally at 1250 °C for different times. Results showed that for the three thermal barrier coatings porosity levels infiltration depth follows a behavior that can be explained with a parabolic function. Also, higher infiltration kinetics was detected for volcanic ashes with lower SiO2 content. Following these observations, an empirical mathematical model describing isothermal volcanic ashes infiltration on APS-thermal barrier coatings is proposed. For such a model, further asymptotic and linear fittings were performed in order to determine the correlation of infiltration with the chemical composition of the volcanic ashes (expressed in terms of basicity index) and with the microstructure of the coating (expressed in terms of the porosity). The extent of chemical degradation inflicted by volcanic ashes on the Yttria stabilized zirconia coatings is directly related to their silica content. In general, for greater SiO2 values, a higher content of monoclinic ZrO2 was observed. For all volcanic ashes, maximum m-ZrO2 values are seen at intermediate annealing times (2 h - 5 h). This behavior can be correlated with the t-YSZ m-ZrO2 transformation which occurs with more intensity below 5 h of heat treatment. m-ZrO2 formation takes place at high rates until a maximum content is reached limited by local chemistry conditions of the melt. After that, the formation of ZrSiO4 follows at expense of the m-ZrO2. At such point, there is a competing m-ZrO2 and ZrSiO4 formation which includes local chemistry changes in the melt affecting the viscosity. Such local chemistry becomes more similar for all VAs as time increases, therefore exhibiting higher infiltration similitude as time increases.
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Topic: SM - Surface Modification (Ion Implantation, Ion Nitriding, Magnetron Sputtering, Cathodic Arc, Sol-Gel, Thermal Spray)
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ADSORPTION STUDY OF MANGANESE (II) BY HYDROXYAPATITE NANOPARTICLES
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PARIS ELAINE CRISTINA 1, SCHILDT LETÍCIA FERREIRA LACERDA 2, RUELLAS THAMARA MACHADO DE OLIVEIRA 3, SCIENA CAMILA RODRIGUES 4, GIRALDI TANIA REGINA 5,
1 Embrapa - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, 2 Federal University of São Carlos, 3 Federal University of São Carlos, 4 Federal University of São Carlos, 5 Federal University of Alfenas,
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Email: tania.giraldi@unifal-mg.edu.br
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Abstract: Manganese is an essential element for living organisms in low quantities since it participates in some protein synthesis, enzymatic functioning, and a cofactor of several enzymes. However, in high quantities, it can cause severe problems to human health, such as neurological syndromes, changes in the size of newborns, among others. Its bivalent manganese (II) form, stable in solution and highly soluble, has great polluting potential. Thus, it is essential to investigate effective ways to remove manganese (II) ions from the aqueous medium to reduce the harmful effect of their presence in the medium. Traditional methods of removing manganese (II) ions and other metal ions usually generate high amounts of sludge. Therefore, alternative methods of decommissioning are currently being studied. One of these methods is adsorption, which has achieved high prominence due to its efficiency in removing metal ions from aqueous solutions. Thus, this study aimed to use commercial hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite synthesized by the coprecipitation method, in their nanoparticulate forms, in the adsorption study of manganese (II) ions. Hydroxyapatite was chosen due to its low toxicity and good adsorptive potential, in addition to the high range of redirecting possibilities for the adsorbed particles, especially in the area of fertilizers. The characterizations of both hydroxyapatites were satisfactory, especially for the coprecipitated hydroxyapatite, which presented a larger Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (60.40 m² g-1) than the commercial hydroxyapatite (40.61 m² g-1), in addition to greater purity according to the analyzes of X-ray diffraction, infra-red spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. Both diffractograms are associated with the hexagonal hydroxyapatite of the P63/m space group. The commercial sample showed peaks associated with a secondary phase, which are not present in the coprecipitated sample. Both samples are thermostable, with total weight percent losses of 7.32% (commercial sample) and 3.10% (coprecipitated sample) at the temperature range between 20 °C and 1000 °C. According to the zeta potential analyzes for both samples, the manganese (II) ions adsorption tests were carried out close to the isoelectric point of the nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy revealed smaller average particle sizes for coprecipitated hydroxyapatite (13.32 nm) than for commercial hydroxyapatite (22.60 nm) with rod-shaped nanometric particles. The adsorption study was carried out in stages, with changes in pH, adsorbent concentration, contact time (adsorption kinetics), and adsorbate concentration (adsorption isotherm models). This study was performed to obtain an optimized condition for the adsorption of manganese (II) ions by commercial and coprecipitated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. The kinetic study revealed a pseudo-second-order model for both hydroxyapatites. The manganese (II) ions adsorption results are promising and present a favorable adsorption profile for both hydroxyapatites, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 14.07 mg g-1 for the commercial hydroxyapatite sample and 27.93 mg g-1 for the coprecipitated one, both adjusted to the Langmuir adsorption model for room temperature, pH 7, 30 minutes of contact and 2.5 g L-1 of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. The adsorption study of manganese (II) ions in an aqueous medium by commercial and coprecipitated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, as well as its adsorption kinetics and isotherm models, may be decisive for further studies of redirecting these ions through the adsorption technique by similar nanoparticles. The authors gratefully acknowledge CNPq (financing code number 001), CAPES (process number 88887.597442/2021-00; financing code number 001), the AgroNano Network, and UNIFAL-MG, for the technical and financial support.
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Topic: TFN - Thin Films and Nanomaterials
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AGGLOMERATION TIME OF SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES IN A LIQUID MEDIUM BY MEANS OF A PULSED LASER ABLATION SYSTEM
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OSPINA ROGELIO 1, BOTERO MONICA ANDREA 2,
1 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 2 Universidad Industrial de Santander,
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Email: mbotero@uis.edu.co
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Abstract: Thanks to the improvement of the physicochemical properties of the supported selenium nanoparticles, it has been possible to exhibit catalytic properties in many organic reactions. However, organic stabilizers or solid supports are needed for selenium nanoparticles to minimize their rapid aggregation during catalysis. In this work, selenium nanoparticles are obtained by means of the pulsed laser ablation technique in a liquid medium, to study the effect of time on the agglomeration of selenium nanoparticles. The size distribution was observed by means of dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy images. In addition, to observe the chemical state of the prepared nanoparticles, the X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy technique was used.
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Topic: TFN - Thin Films and Nanomaterials
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ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF THERMOPLASTIC STARCH COMPOSITE FILMS REINFORCED WITH COPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES
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MALAFATTI JOÃO OTÁVIO DONIZETTE 1, PARIS ELAINE CRISTINA 2, MEIRELLES MARIANA RODRIGUES 3, ÁVILA DOMINGUES MARCELO 4,
1 Embrapa - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, 2 Embrapa - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, 3 University of São Paulo, 4 Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP / Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos, SP,
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Email: marcelo.domingues51@gmail.com
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Abstract: Starch is a biodegradable and biocompatible polysaccharide obtained from natural sources such as potatoes, corn, and manioc. A sizeable residual amount of this polysaccharide
originates from processing in agriculture. It has a macromolecular structure formed by basic units of amylose and amylopectin, which are respectively made up of glucose units joined by α-1,4 and α-1,4 linear glycosidic linkages with branches in α-1,6, responsible for the semi-crystallinity of the material. Starch films naturally undergo a phenomenon called
retrogradation, an increase in crystallinity over time, which can decrease the mechanical performance of the film. Retrogradation can be minimized by the formation of thermoplastic
starch, which is obtained through temperature and plasticizer. Furthermore, starch has intrinsic characteristics that favor its degradation, such as its high hygroscopicity and
sensitivity to fungal attack. Thus, the immobilization of the reinforcing material is required to minimize the undesirable characteristics of the biopolymer. With that in mind, copper oxide is a good material candidate for being used as a ceramic reinforcement on the polymer matrix. Thus, reinforcements with copper oxide nanoparticles in starch films are an alternative for the improvement of mechanical properties and increase the storage time, controlling the propensity of attacks by microorganisms (fungi). Copper oxide is a compound that can be obtained with a high surface area, different morphologies, and stable physico-chemical properties. Additionally, it is a less expensive candidate to replace silver nanoparticles in antimicrobial activities in the nanometric form. Therefore, the present work aimed to develop a thermoplastic starch: copper oxide nanocomposite with properties suitable for a long time of storage and use of the final material, improving its intrinsic mechanical properties and, mainly, its antifungal effect. Film processing was carried out using a torsion rheometer, followed by thermo-pressing, using urea as an additive plasticizer. The incorporation of copper oxide in the polymeric matrix was carried out by adding the particles in the formulation, varying different commercials percentages (1% w/w, 3% w/w, and 5% w/w), and by the bottom-up method. The final result was a starch film with copper oxide nanoparticles with an average size of 25 nm. The composite film with 1% w/w copper oxide nanoparticles showed the best mechanical properties, achieving an increase in the tensile strength of 120.26% compared to the films without copper oxide. The antifungal activity of the active ingredients was evaluated to infer the possible resistance to the proliferation of microorganisms (Alternaria alternata CCT 1250) using the disk diffusion technique, and the diameters of the formed inhibition halos were measured. A satisfactory result was achieved, with a 30% decrease in halo diameter for the synthesized copper oxide samples than pure starch-based films. The authors would like to thank FAPESP for the financial support (process number 2019 / 09485-3), CAPES (Finance Code 001), SISNANO/MCTIC, and AgroNano network.
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Topic: TFN - Thin Films and Nanomaterials
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BLEUSTEIN-GULYAEV WAVE PROPAGATION IN TOPOLOGICAL PIEZOELECTRIC CRYSTALS
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ROJAS VALLECILLA DAVID FERNANDO 1, GRANADA ECHEVERRY JUAN CARLOS 2, PORRAS MONTENEGRO NELSON 3,
1 UNIVERSIDAD DEL VALLE, 2 Universidad del Valle, 3 UNIVERSIDAD DEL VALLE,
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Email: nelson.porras@correounivalle.edu.co
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Abstract: In recent years there has been a growing interest in the development of piezotronic devices based on topological insulators due to their low energy consumption and ultra-high response capacity. Topological insulators are materials that behave as an insulator in bulk, but at the same time present superficial conduction states. The first topological insulators were grown in the form of quantum wells with materials that present a strong spin-orbit coupling as is the case of mercury telluride between cadmium telluride layers. By varying the dimensions of the wells, an inversion in the band structure is evidenced due to the strong spin-orbit coupling that gives rise to topologically protected surface states, which are manifested in the appearance of new polarization and surface currents that do not produce dissipation. This leads to the fact that the effective description of the electrodynamic properties at low energies of a material like this contains a magnetoelectric coupling term of the form θE∙B (where E is the electric field, B is the magnetic field and y θ is the topological parameter of the material). The topological parameter θ is quantized and takes values of 0 or (2n+1)π, where n is an integer. The introduction of the coupling term modifies both the constitutive relations and Maxwell's own system of equations in the matter. Recent studies have shown that it is possible to change the band structure of different materials through the piezoelectric effect. Piezoelectricity is a phenomenon that occurs in certain crystals that lack central symmetry, such as zinc oxide. When the material is subjected to mechanical stress, a polarization of ions is induced in the crystal that creates a piezoelectric potential. By controlling these polarization fields by means of applied potentials and stresses, it is possible to tune the electronic states and band structure of the material. This leads to some materials undergoing a transition from conventional semiconductor to topological insulator as is the case of quantum wells of zinc oxide and cadmium oxide, indium nitride between gallium nitride layers, and germanium between gallium arsenide layers, which have made it possible to propose designs of piezotronic nanodevices such as memories and logic gates that increase their response capacity by taking advantage of the surface states of the topological insulators. In this work, a topological insulator with piezoelectric properties is considered and action is proposed to find the equations of motion and the constitutive relations of the generalized coordinates of electrodynamic and elastic origin, paying special attention to the restructuring induced by the topological properties of the material. The results are used to demonstrate that the electromechanical coupling factor (which describes the ability of the material to transform mechanical energy into electrical energy and vice versa) and the phase velocity of the Bleustein-Gulyaev surface waves in the surface of a topological piezoelectric crystal of class C6v in contact with a vacuum, undergoes a second-order correction due to the presence of the topological parameter. Said correction is determined by a term of the form (α∆θ⁄π)^2 where α is the fine structure constant and ∆θ is the difference of the topological parameters of the media involved. In the absence of the topological term, that is, ∆θ = 0, the effects of the magnetoelectric coupling θE∙B disappear, and the dispersion relations and phase velocities are reduced to the conventional dispersion relations and phase velocities of Bleustein-Gulyaev waves.
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Topic: TFN - Thin Films and Nanomaterials
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CORROSION RESISTANCE EVALUATION OF CARBON AND VANADIUM-BASED SPUTTERED COATINGS ON AISI 1045 STEEL SUBSTRATE IN MOLDS WITH APPLICATIONS ON POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE BOTTLES MANUFACTURING PROCESS.
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VERA FERNANDEZ CAMILO ANDRES 1, ARDILA TELLEZ LUIS CARLOS 2, OROZCO GIOVANY 3, SORZANO DUEÑAS RODRIGO 4, APERADOR CHAPARRO WILLIAN 5,
1 ECCI, 2 universidad ecci, 3 universidad Ecci, 4 universidad Ecci, 5 universidad ecci,
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Email: waperadorc@eeci.edu.co
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Abstract: Molds that are intended for use in the processing of polymer recipients commonly are made of AISI 1045 steel. This kind of steel provides good processability and adequate mechanical properties to resist the elevated pressures and possible temperatures derived from the process. One of these processes is called stretch blow molding and is used to produce polyethylene terephthalate bottles, sometimes the manufacturer requires a transparent appearance in the final product. In this sense, the surface finishing of the mold must be as smooth as possible, it is, with the lowest roughness possible. To achieve this roughness the mold can be coated by means of the magnetron sputtering process since the homogeneity and low roughness of the coatings is quite low. It is important also to mention that an important aspect to consider is the possibility that the mold surface suffers from corrosion processes since it is exposed to ambient conditions which can induce this phenomenon. In this study, vanadium and carbon coatings were deposited on AISI 1045 steel through a sputtering technique with a balanced magnetron. Deposition experiments were carried out in 8 previously mechanized samples for 30 minutes in Argon atmosphere using 23 factorial designs with power applied to vanadium and carbon target and deposition temperatures acting as factors, each one evaluated at two levels. The effect of the deposition conditions on the surface morphology and corrosion resistance behavior was evaluated showing high dependence of these properties with those conditions. Particularly the low production temperature (room temperature) coatings showed smoother surfaces, and this affects positively the performance against corrosion.
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Topic: TFN - Thin Films and Nanomaterials
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DEVELOPMENT OF NB2O5 CERAMIC NANOFIBERS BY ELECTROSPINNING FOR CO2 PHOTOREDUCTION
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MALAFATTI JOÃO OTÁVIO DONIZETTE 1, PARIS ELAINE CRISTINA 2, PRADO ANA CAROLINA FIGUEIREDO 3, DA LUZ ANA PAULA 4,
1 Embrapa - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, 2 Embrapa - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, 3 Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP / Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos, SP, 4 Universidade Federal de São Carlos,
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Email: analuz@ufscar.br
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Abstract: The increase in global warming rates is worrisome due to the harmful effects on different ecosystems. However, there is a need to reconcile these figures with the demand of industrial society for food, health, leisure, and energy production, which directly/indirectly contribute to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Pollutants such as NOx, CO2, CH4, among others, significantly affect the lives of beings as a whole. One way to minimize these effects is to remove and reuse these pollutants through photocatalytic processes. In this sense, one of the promising materials for application in the conversion of these polluting gases is Nb2O5 due to its photocatalytic properties and low cost. The work aimed to develop a photocatalyst system based on ultrafine Nb2O5 fibers for the conversion of CO2. Ceramic nanofibers have been studied by techniques such as electrospinning. They have been used in different photoconversion processes of organic compounds such as dyes, pesticides, and drugs. The great advantage of nanofibers is the high surface area, stability, excellent resistance to oxidation and corrosion, and high potential for catalytic activity. The use of nanofibers is a way to optimize the increase in the surface area of the photocatalysts due to the high control of the properties of the morphologies of the fibers. Nanofibers obtained from the electrospinning process are usually configured as one of the most efficient nanostructured materials in one dimension due to the high aspect ratio, flexibility, and high porosity when compared to other types of morphologies. This factor provides various possible applications, such as devices that act as sensors for energy storage and as catalyst supports. The synthesis conditions can be responsible for forming several fiber-type morphologies and allowing changing the number and size of pores distributed on its surface, resulting in micro or mesoporous nanofibers, or producing hollow fibers and nanowires, among other types. Different types of morphology can increase the surface area and, consequently, determine the surface properties, mainly in its performance in detecting compounds. These are factors that can provide a better performance in CO2 photoconversion. The Nb2O5 ceramic nanofibers were obtained by the electrospinning process followed by optimizations in the heat treatment. The photocatalytic activity in the conversion of CO2 was evaluated using a reactor monitored by gas chromatography to quantify the generated products. In the end, the stability of the photocatalytic system was evaluated because of the number of cycles in which the system remains effective. Regarding the optimization of the Nb2O5 nanofibers, a lower heating rate (1 °C min-1) enabled greater control of the obtained pure phase. Furthermore, the calcination at a 600 °C temperature for 2 h made it possible to obtain homogeneous nanofibers with average diameters of 84 nm. The results confirm the photoreduction potential of Nb2O5 nanofibers by converting CO2 into CH 4 and mostly into CO. In reuse tests, a decrease in CO production was identified until the end of the 4th cycle, whereas for methane, these concentrations were not observed. Concerning the simultaneous reaction of the CO2 reduction reaction to the oxidation reaction, a degradation test of the rhodamine B dye was carried out under ultraviolet illumination, monitored for 180 minutes by the UV-Vis spectrophotometer, using the maximum wavelength of 554 nm. Furthermore, through the photooxidation of Rhodamine B, it was possible to determine that the main reaction mechanism of the samples occurred through hydroxyl radicals. Therefore, photocatalyst nanofibers based on Nb2O5, which act in converting CO2 into the value-added products CO and CH4, were satisfactorily obtained. The authors would like to thank FAPESP for the financial support (process number 2018/01258-5), CAPES (Finance Code 001-88887.353014/2019-00), SISNANO/MCTIC, and AgroNano network.
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Topic: TFN - Thin Films and Nanomaterials
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EVALUATION OF COPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AND CU2+ IONS AS MICRONUTRIENT RELEASE AND CYTOTOXIC EFFECT
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MALAFATTI JOÃO OTÁVIO DONIZETTE 1, PARIS ELAINE CRISTINA 2, MEIRELLES MARIANA RODRIGUES 3,
1 Embrapa - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, 2 Embrapa - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, 3 University of São Paulo,
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Email: marianarmeirelles12@gmail.com
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Abstract: Fertilizers have been used as agricultural inputs to enable maximum yield during growing seasons. One of the significant challenges is maintaining the efficiency of the plant's nutritional process since it is necessary to use excessive amounts of nutrients to minimize losses from leaching and aerial dispersion processes, leading to economic and environmental losses. Sources such as nanoparticulate copper oxide can be used as micronutrients for plants, with an advantage over the micrometric form since it enables a more significant release of Cu2+ ions. This improvement is attributed to the low intrinsic solubility of the oxide particles, their surface area and reactivity increase with the decrease in size. Another promising candidate for fertilizer area is the faujasite zeolite because of its high surface area, biocompatibility, and lability in ion exchange. Thus, the present study aimed at evaluating the use of copper oxide nanoparticles and faujasite zeolite modified with Cu2+ ions as sources of fertilizer release and the cytotoxic effects on plants. The copper oxide nanoparticles were obtained by the hot injection precipitation method as a fast route to obtain homogeneous and nanometric particles. The sol-gel method was used for faujasite zeolite synthesis, followed by hydrothermal treatment at 100 °C for 2 h. The surface modification resulted from the exchange of cations in the charge balance on the surface of the zeolite structure, with the replacement of Na+ by Cu2+ ions from an aqueous solution containing copper acetate as a precursor source, under magnetic stirring at room temperature for 24 h. The release tests were performed in a neutral aqueous medium and a 2% (w/w) citric acid extraction medium for 8 days. The cytotoxicity tests of the copper oxide and faujasite zeolite (Cu2+) sources were carried out from an analysis of growth and development of watercress roots (Lepidium sativum) after exposure to the particles for 1 h and observed under an optical microscope after 4 days of seed germination. The hot injection method was adequate to obtain copper oxide nanoparticles (diameter less than 20 nm) with a remarkably high surface area, 10 times greater than the commercial form (112 m2g-1). The zeolite was obtained in its pure FAU phase (diameter from 0.5 µm to 1 µm), high stability in an aqueous medium (zeta potential value of -49 mV), and high surface area (656 m2g-1). The method enabled exchanges with Cu2+ ions from 160 mg Cu2+ g-1 of zeolite in the faujasite zeolite modification. The solubility tests in a neutral aqueous medium showed that the copper oxide nanoparticles presented a solubility about 10 times higher than the commercial form, which corroborates the increase in the reactivity effect of the nanometric form. In the extractive tests, all fertilizers showed a superior release behavior compared to the neutral aqueous medium, with the release of approximately 70% of Cu2+ ions regarding copper oxide nanoparticles. The results were superior to those of the micrometric form and faujasite zeolite, which presented releases of 65% and 40%, respectively. In regards of cytotoxicity, faujasite zeolite was the material that presented the least harmful effect on the germination of watercress seeds. This lower degree of toxicity found in aqueous media at these concentrations may be provoked by the lower amount of Cu2+ ions present in the ion exchange, compared to the amount found in the same copper oxide weight, in addition to a less harmful effect on the root surface because of its high dispersion in water. The cytotoxicity in plants depends on the type, concentration, ion release, or adhesion on the surface of the cell tissue, which acts on plant growth. One of the main action mechanisms is the formation of reactive oxidative species, which can promote damage to DNA, proteins, cell ionic balance, and oxidative degradation of lipids and membranes until cell death. Therefore, the proper use of nanoparticles applied as a source of Cu2+ micronutrient, with excellent performance compared to the commercial form, is a promising alternative to minimize costs by reducing the quantity of fertilizer applied to achieve the same desired effect. The authors would like to thank CAPES (001 Code), SISNANO/MCTIC, FINEP, and AgroNano network.
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Topic: TFN - Thin Films and Nanomaterials
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FERROMAGNETIC RESONANCE IN ZNFE2O4 THIN FILMS: A MODELING OF THE EXPERIMENTAL DATA BY USING PYTHON
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ARNACHE OSCAR 1, GALEANO MOLINA LIDER SAMIR 2, GIL MONSALVE JOHANNA 3,
1 Universidad de Antioquia, 2 Universidad de Antioquia, 3 Universidad de Antioquia,
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Email: johanna.gilm@udea.edu.co
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Abstract: In this work, an analysis of the ferromagnetic resonance spectra in zinc ferrites thin films was done. The films were grown on single-crystal substrates of MgO(100) by using an RF radio frequency sputtering system with a magnetron. According to the dynamic equations of magnetic systems in-plane and out-plane and the resonance conditions; in this case, the ferromagnetic resonance spectra experimental data was performed using a fit model of the angular dependence of the resonance field in-plane. From the fits, the optimal values of cubic and/or uniaxial anisotropy field, the effective magnetization, and the Landé factor were estimated. For this purpose, a code was developed in Python programming language, in which viable procedures were optimized to study the sample when other parameters such as effective magnetization and the direction of the easy axis of the thin films are unknown.
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Topic: TFN - Thin Films and Nanomaterials
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INFLUENCE OF TARGET POWER AND TEMPERATURE ON ROUGHNESS AND TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF CARBON AND VANADIUM-BASED COATINGS ON AISI 1045 STEEL SUBSTRATE OBTAINED BY SPUTTERING AS POSSIBLE USE IN POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE BOTTLES BLOW PREFORM MOLDS
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VERA FERNANDEZ CAMILO ANDRES 1, ARDILA TELLEZ LUIS CARLOS 2, OROZCO GIOVANY 3, SORZANO DUEÑAS RODRIGO 4, APERADOR CHAPARRO WILLIAN 5,
1 ECCI, 2 universidad ecci, 3 universidad Ecci, 4 universidad Ecci, 5 universidad ecci,
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Email: waperadorc@eeci.edu.co
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Abstract: In the manufacturing of polyethylene terephthalate bottles, steel molds are used for the blowing process, these molds must have low roughness and friction coefficient as well as mirror-like aspect. This impacts final product features such as transparency and demolding. To achieve this, it is necessary to polish the mold cavities using abrasives such as diamond paste or alumina in suspension; however, no further protection against corrosion and wear can be achieved along with its use. In this sense, physical vapor deposition coatings, such as balanced magnetron sputtering, are used to this aim giving average roughness values of 0.05 µm, along with superior corrosion and tribological behavior. Vanadium and carbon coatings were deposited on AISI 1045 steel, which is used in the manufacture of polyethylene terephthalate bottle molds, by means of sputtering technique with the balanced magnetron. Deposition experiments were carried out in 8 previously mechanized samples for 30 minutes in an argon atmosphere using 2 to the 3 factorial design with different values of power applied to vanadium and carbon target and deposition temperatures. Semi-quantitative chemical composition and morphology were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Tribological and roughness behavior was studied in order to evaluate the effect of power applied to target on those properties. Results show a correlation between roughness and power applied to targets and temperature. In all samples low deposition temperature main effect leads to reduced roughness, in the same way, that low power applied to V target (40 W); however, that roughness is reached when the higher 50 W are applied on a carbon target. Similarly, lower coefficients of friction are associated with low roughness and therefore to abovementioned deposition conditions. There a clear effect of low power applied to vanadium target and temperature to maintain reduced roughness and CoF which are optimal to coated polyethylene terephthalate.
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Topic: TFN - Thin Films and Nanomaterials
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KONDO SUPERLATTICES: ONE DIMENSIONAL APPROACH
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FRANCO ROBERTO 1, MENDIVELSO JULIETTA SOPHIA 2,
1 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2 Universidad Nacional de Colombia,
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Email: jsmendivelsor@unal.edu.co
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Abstract: Kondo superlattices composed of heavy fermions materials periodically coupled in a superlattice structure were obtained in the last decade. In the experiments, these superlattices show some intriguing magnetic and superconducting properties, which are tunable by changing the superlattice structure (Science 327, 980, 2010). Using an inhomogeneous dynamical mean-field theory and the numerical renormalization group, it was shown that the Kondo effect plays an important role in the superlattice (PRB 88, 155134, 2013). In this work, we consider a Kondo lattice chain with a superlattice structure to describe the Kondo superlattices and we found that the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition occurs in a smaller density than the homogeneous chain.
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Topic: TFN - Thin Films and Nanomaterials
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OBTAINING ULTRAFINE CERAMIC FIBERS OF NB2O5 FOR APPLICATION IN PHOTOCATALYSIS
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MALAFATTI JOÃO OTÁVIO DONIZETTE 1, PARIS ELAINE CRISTINA 2, MEIRELLES MARIANA RODRIGUES 3, PRADO ANA CAROLINA FIGUEIREDO 4,
1 Embrapa - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, 2 Embrapa - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, 3 University of São Paulo, 4 Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP / Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos, SP,
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Email: anacfprado@gmail.com
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Abstract: Ceramic nanofibers have been applied in the last decades to several areas from sensors, nanoelectronics, optical device, and photocatalytic processes. In photocatalytic processes, nanofiber ceramics can be applied to convert and generate less toxic products of commercial interest or even remove pollutants from the environment. The great advantage of using nanofibers is that the semiconductor, when anchored in supports for covering in heterogeneous processes, tends to lose surface area and consecutively reactive catalytic sites. Such effects can be minimized when nanofibers are present since there is the greatest formation of surface defects in this form. Among the various types of semiconductors, one that stands out is that of Nb2O5, being a material with properties similar to TiO2 and of lower cost. This oxide has a bandgap between 3.1 eV and 4 eV, characteristics of a type n semiconductor, high surface area, and porosity, in addition to thermal resistance. Electrospinning is a simple and efficient process for obtaining these nanofibers since this technique makes it possible to generate manometric scale fibers with high control of size, shape, and porosity. Parameters such as applied tension, working distance, ejection flow, concentration, and composition of the solution need to be optimized to determine the best conditions for obtaining the fibers with desired properties. Another crucial step in the synthesis of ceramic nanofibers is heat treatment, requiring both the burning atmosphere, heating rate, time, and temperature. The morphology and phase can be changed according to the calcination process, interfering in the fiber quality. Thus, the present work aimed at obtaining ultrafine Nb2O5 nanofibers from the electrospinning process followed by heat treatment for application in photocatalysis. In electrospinning processing, the best conditions for the concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol polymer matrix and the niobium oxalate precursor were determined. In addition, the temperature (500 ºC to 900 ºC) and the rate of thermal treatment (1 °C min-1 and 10 °C min-1) in the effects of the structural phase and morphology obtained from the fibers under 2 h stay were evaluated. In the initial tests, he evaluated the photocatalytic activity based on the degradation of the dye model rhodamine B. In the results, it was possible to observe the obtaining of nanofibers with an average diameter of 150 nm with pure Nb2O5 orthorhombic structural phase for heat treatment at a rate of less than 1 °C min-1. For the fibers obtained with a higher rate of heat treatment, a second phase of the NbO2 oxide was observed, attributed to the shorter time of forming an oxidizing atmosphere. Additionally, it was verified that by increasing the calcination temperature from 600 °C to 800 °C, there was a loss of the formation of nanofibers and the change to agglomerated particulates, indicating sintering processes. The pure fiber obtained at 600 °C showed a typical bandgap value of 3.66 eV typical of this oxide. In the photodegradation test of rhodamine B under ultraviolet radiation, the material showed photoactivity allowing the discoloration of the analysis medium. Thus, it was possible to obtain pure Nb2O5 nanofibers with photocatalytic capacity, an alternative for semiconductors applied in remediation processes. The authors would like to thank CNPq/PIBIC for the financial support (process number 127989/2020-0), CAPES (Finance Code 001), SISNANO/MCTIC, and AgroNano network.
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Topic: TFN - Thin Films and Nanomaterials
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POROUS MAGNETIC NANOCOMPOSITE OF FAUJASITE ZEOLITE IMPREGNATED WITH MAGNESIUM FERRITE NANOPARTICLES FOR ADSORPTION OF HEAVY METAL IONS
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MALAFATTI JOÃO OTÁVIO DONIZETTE 1, PARIS ELAINE CRISTINA 2, SCHILDT LETÍCIA FERREIRA LACERDA 3, MEIRELLES MARIANA RODRIGUES 4,
1 Embrapa - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, 2 Embrapa - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, 3 Federal University of São Carlos, 4 University of São Paulo,
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Email: marianarmeirelles12@gmail.com
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Abstract: Remediation of water contaminated by toxic substances is a matter of worldwide interest since industrial activities generate a large volume of residual water in a short period. The presence of heavy metal ions from the metallurgical sector is one of the biggest problems related to water pollution. Efficient and economically viable treatment systems have been sought, which can be reused, aiming at low waste generation. Adsorption is one of the main methods for removing contaminants from the aqueous medium, using porous adsorbent materials, such as activated carbon, silica, clay, and zeolite. Zeolites are widely used as adsorbents because of their characteristics, such as large surface area, high porosity, selectivity, and ion exchange capacity. One of the significant challenges of this route is the problematic recovery of adsorbents after separating from the aqueous medium and reusing them in new cycles, and recovering the adsorbate for new applications. Thus, the use of magnetic nanocomposites is an alternative to recover the material employing a magnetic field. The use of magnetic adsorbent nanocomposites has shown to be very promising for removing heavy metals from wastewater, presenting high adsorption rates and easy separation from the aqueous medium. Nanoparticles of different iron-based oxides have been introduced on the surface of the zeolite to obtain magnetic zeolite, and their magnetic and adsorptive properties when removing contaminants have been evaluated. This work aimed to obtain a porous magnetic composite from the impregnation of magnesium ferrite nanoparticles (MgFe2O4) in faujasite zeolite adsorption and reuse tests on heavy metal ions such as Co2+, Mn2+, and Fe3+. For the synthesis of faujasite zeolite, the sol-gel method was used with subsequent hydrothermal treatment. The MgFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized adopting the coprecipitation method followed by heat treatment. The faujasite zeolite: MgFe2O4 3:1 (w/w) nanocomposite was obtained by immobilizing the magnetic nanoparticles using the sonochemical method. The X-ray diffraction for the FAU:MgFe2O4 nanocomposite sample showed that faujasite zeolite crystallographic pattern was maintained, which indicates that the zeolite presents crystallinity and purity even after the MgFe2O4 impregnation. Scanning electron microscopy of faujasite zeolite, MgFe2O4, and faujasite zeolite: MgFe2O4 showed that the faujasite zeolite has an average of 500 nanometers to 1 micrometer, while MgFe2O4 has approximately 100 nanometers. Faujasite zeolite appears decorated with the MgFe2O4 nanoparticle, which indicates that the nanocomposite was satisfactorily obtained. The adsorption test was carried out under 10 mgL-1, 50 mgL-1, and 100 mgL-1 of heavy metal ions, 0.25 gL-1, 0.5 gL-1, and 1 gL-1 of the support faujasite zeolite: MgFe2O4, neutral pH, a temperature of 25 °C and under magnetic stirring. The adsorption results showed adsorptive capacity values of 140 mg g-1, 120 mg g-1, and 90 mg g-1 of the support for Fe3+ Mn2+, and Co2+, respectively. For a concentration of 10 mg L-1 of heavy metal ion and 1 g L-1 of the support in the reuse test, an adsorption level greater than 60% was achieved for all ions after 3 consecutive cycles. Therefore, the magnetic nanocomposite faujasite zeolite: MgFe2O4 showed promising characteristics, suitable for an adsorbent system for heavy metals in an aqueous medium. The authors would like to thank CNPq (grant number 140404/2021-0), CAPES (Finance Code 001), SISNANO/MCTIC, and AgroNano network.
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Topic: TFN - Thin Films and Nanomaterials
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PREPARATION AND STUDY OF THERMALLY TREATED CUINSE2 THIN FILMS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATION
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CALDERÓN TRIANA CLARA LILIA 1, GORDILLO GERARDO 2, BARTOLO-PÉREZ PASCUAL 3,
1 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Física, 3 Departamento de Física Aplicada, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mérida, Yuc., México.,
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Email: pascual.bartolo@cinvestav.mx
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Abstract: Research on solar cells manufactured with thin-film technology has achieved high efficiencies (23%) in recent years, among the most widely used materials are those based on CuInSe2 (CIS) and CuInGaSe2 (CIGS) because of their properties. In this work, CuInSe2 thin films are deposited by the method of physical sequential evaporation of its precursors, followed by heat treatment in the H2 atmosphere. The variation of chemical composition in film volume is analyzed using the auger electron spectroscopy technique in-depth profile, as well as studying its optical and structural properties. The results show that the prepared films are suitable for application as an absorbent layer in solar cells. Auger electron spectroscopy measures showed that H2 annealing induces changes in the concentration of elements in films.
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Topic: TFN - Thin Films and Nanomaterials
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SINTERING OF ANODIZED TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOSTRUCTURES AND ITS USE IN THE PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF METHYLENE BLUE IN WATER
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RIVERA BERMUDEZ INGRID PAOLA 1, ALARCON RODRIGUEZ VICENTE 2, PEÑA RODRIGUEZ GABRIEL 3,
1 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 2 universidad francisco de paula santander, 3 Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander,
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Email: Gabrielpr@ufps.edu.co
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Abstract: Titanium dioxide nanostructures were sintered by electrochemical anodization of titanium grade 2 sheets, for potential differences of 10 V and 20 V, and times of 3 and 5 hours, where an electrolyte with a volume of 100 ml was used, consisting of 97 ml of ethylene glycol, 3 ml of distilled water and 0.3 g of ammonium fluoride. Titanium sheets were used, with dimensions of 51x21x0.4 mm, which were polished using abrasive paper, 400, 600, 1200, and 1500, later they were cleaned using ultrasound and a 1:1 solution of ethanol distilled water for 180 seconds and dried using hot air. During the anodizing process for the defined times and voltages, magnetic stirring was maintained at 300 rpm, where a UNIT-T® UTP3315TFL power source was used. After the anodization process, the samples were subjected to heat treatment using NEY Vulcan® Model A-550 electric muffle, at 550 °C for 3 hours, with a ramp of 10 °C/min. The morphology of the nanostructures was studied using the ZEISS RA-ZEI-001 EVO MA brand scanning electron microscope, while the structure was analyzed using X-ray diffraction, Malvern-PANalytical Model Empyean 2012, with detector 3D pixel and monochromatic radiation CoKα (λ = 1.78901 Å). The photocatalytic process was carried out using a UVC Led lamp (λ = 288 nm, 15 W) and sintered nanostructures at 20V and 5h, which reported the highest crystallinity index and the highest percentage by weight of the TiO2 anatase phase, as well as the concentration of methylene blue in distilled water, was 20 ppm. The interaction of UVC radiation during photocatalysis was 4 hours straight, and then for 96 hours without the effect of radiation. The degradation of methylene blue was studied by UV/VIS spectrophotometry (Thermo Scientific Genesys 10S spectrophotometer), where for a wavelength of 644 nm the maximum absorbance is presented, finding a decrease of the dye around 72% and degradation in the concentration of the colorant of the order of 42%.
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Topic: TFN - Thin Films and Nanomaterials
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STARCH BIODEGRADABLE SACHETS REINFORCED WITH FAUJASITE ZEOLITE FOR RELEASE OF POTASSIUM FERTILIZER
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MALAFATTI JOÃO OTÁVIO DONIZETTE 1, PARIS ELAINE CRISTINA 2, MEIRELLES MARIANA RODRIGUES 3, ÁVILA DOMINGUES MARCELO 4,
1 Embrapa - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, 2 Embrapa - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, 3 University of São Paulo, 4 Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP / Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos, SP,
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Email: marcelo.domingues51@gmail.com
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Abstract: In agricultural production, it is necessary to use inputs capable of replacing essential nutrients present in several metabolic processes lost due to erosion processes or high soil extraction, making them deficient in nutrition for plants. Fertilizers are responsible for replenishing the necessary nutrients, providing adequate conditions for cultivation. Potassium is one of the most crucial fertilizers used in agriculture, present in several processes such as respiration and photosynthesis. One of the significant challenges at this stage is the efficiency of the plant's nutritional process. It is necessary to use excessive amounts of nutrients to minimize losses from the leaching and aerial dispersion processes, which results in economic losses due to environmental contamination. Thus, fertilizers that are not absorbed by the leaves and roots and have a significant negative economic impact on the farmer can lead to residual accumulation and contaminate the adjacent soils and water sources. Different conditioning and release systems have been progressively developed to deliver nutrients to plantations with the appropriate amount of fertilizers and balanced nutrition. One of the systems that deserve to be highlighted are sachets for the release of fertilizers, which have more usage advantages than other processed forms since the fertilizer packaging occurs internally in the sachets, enabling easier processing of the polymer matrix. In addition, it is possible to modulate both the concentration and the proportion of different nutrients inserted to meet the plant's nutritional demand. One of the possible alternative options is starch, a biodegradable biopolymer obtained in abundance from highly available renewable and residual sources of agricultural production (corn, cassava, and potatoes), which minimizes its cost. However, starch-based materials are subject to loss of initial characteristics due to the degenerative effect of retrogradation, high hygroscopicity, and easy proliferation of microorganisms, reducing the shelf life until application in the field. In this sense, additives such as citric acid can be inserted for the best performance, interacting with starch and the insertion of reinforcement materials, which promotes gain in the matrix properties. Among the reinforcements, faujasite zeolite stands out, an aluminum silicate from the zeolite family and one of the largest in specific surface area measurements. One of the most relevant characteristics of zeolites is the capacity for ion exchange and reactivity, which increases their adsorptive capacity and acts as a carrier of active substances in molecular and ionic forms, such as ions. In this sense, copper can be anchored, since it is one of the micronutrients necessary for the development of plants as a secondary release system, in addition to presenting antimicrobial properties, which enable remarkable preservation of sachets. Thus, the present work aimed to develop a biodegradable starch sachet fertilizer for potassium packaging and release. The faujasite zeolite particles were obtained by the sol-gel method followed by hydrothermal treatment. The processing of the films that make up the sachets was carried out from the homogenization of the starch under temperature, in the presence of water and urea, acting and plasticizer and as a source of nitrogen for the plants, followed by thermo-pressing. In the starch films, it was possible to obtain a matrix with 28% (w/w) of urea, which enabled excellent ductility of the polymeric matrix. When inserting the reinforcement materials, it was possible to verify that FAU at a concentration of 3% (w/w) and in the presence of citric acid showed an increase in tensile strength of about 120%. All copper-containing films showed a fungistatic effect for the fungus Alternaria alternata, a microorganism very susceptible to sources rich in carbohydrates. For the Cu2+ nutrient, it was possible to observe that the faujasite zeolite film with citric acid was the one that most enabled ion release, possibly due to excellent stabilization of the cation in the matrix. In urea release, sachets containing citric acid presented a more significant release of urea after 60 days, indicating a higher degradation of the matrix. In the release of KCl in sachets, it was possible to observe the rapid availability of K+ ions when in direct contact with the aqueous medium, thus enabling a quick response to the external medium. Therefore, it was possible to obtain starch sachets with promising properties that would increase the viability of the commercial application of fertilizers. The authors would like to thank FAPESP for the financial support (process number 2019 / 09485-3), CAPES (Finance Code 001), SISNANO/MCTIC, and AgroNano network.
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Topic: TFN - Thin Films and Nanomaterials
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STUDY OF THE PSEUDOGAP IN YBCO AND NDBCO SUPERCONDUCTORS FROM RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS
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BLANDÓN PEDRAZA ADRIANA LIZETH 1, CASTRO SERRATO HECTOR FABIO 2, FARBER ELIYAHU 3,
1 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 3 Ariel University,
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Email: e.farber@ariel.ac.il
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Abstract: The pseudogap (PG) is considered to be intimately connected with the origins of superconductivity in high-temperature superconductors (HTS) and is one of the outstanding problems in modern condensed matter theory. Decades of theoretical and experimental work have revealed that the PG takes place in various families of cuprates, all containing copper oxide layers that provide a reservoir of charge carriers. In these materials have shown that the PG is established below a characteristic temperature (T∗) and depends on the level of doping that is related to the density of carriers. In order to find the dependence of the PG on the temperature, it was assumed that at temperatures above the critical temperature, the PG is due to the possible formation of Cooper pairs, which leads to an excess conductivity (∆σ). The excess conductivity was determined from the difference between the normal resistance extrapolated to low-temperature and the measured resistance in thin films of YBCO and NdBCO with different oxygen content. These measurements allowed us to determine the temperature dependence of the PG, finding a square-rooth law at temperatures close to T* very similar to superconducting gap in BCS theory.
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Topic: TFN - Thin Films and Nanomaterials
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SURFACE ROUGHNESS EFFECTS ON SCATTERING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES IN TOPOLOGICAL INSULATORS
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GRANADA ECHEVERRY JUAN CARLOS 1, PORRAS MONTENEGRO NELSON 2,
1 Universidad del Valle, 2 Universidad del Valle,
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Email: nelsonporras.montenegro@gmail.com
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Abstract: In the frame of axion electrodynamics, a Green function formalism is developed for treating the interaction of an electromagnetic wave with the rough surface of a semi-infinite doped topological insulator. Explicit expressions for the components of the photon propagator are obtained, which take into account the nontrivial topology induced by the presence of a non-zero topological parameter. This formalism is applied to the determination of the cross-sections for the scattering of transverse electric and transverse magnetic electromagnetic waves by the surface roughness. It is shown that the scattering of incident radiation of a given polarization induced by the surface roughness contains contributions which are quadratic functions of the root mean square deviation of the rough surface from a perfect plane and are linear functions of the topological parameter jump across the surface.
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Topic: TFN - Thin Films and Nanomaterials
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ULTRAFINE POLYCARBONATE:PECTIN POLYMERIC BLENDS FOR TOPICAL USE
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MALAFATTI JOÃO OTÁVIO DONIZETTE 1, PARIS ELAINE CRISTINA 2, SANTOSTASO MARINHO BRUNA 3, ALVES BERNARDI PEDREIRA BÁRBARA 4,
1 Embrapa - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, 2 Embrapa - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, 3 EMBRAPA Instrumentação/UFSCar, 4 - Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP / Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos, SP,
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Email: beeabp@gmail.com
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Abstract: Membranes have been widely used in the agricultural sector for topical applications such as dressings, grafts, and later use in drug release, which stands out for being less invasive than traditional drug applications. Thus, the use of polymeric fibers made of biodegradable and biocompatible polymers, such as polycarbonate, attracts attention. However, polycarbonate has low hydrophilicity, requiring a long time to degrade in a biological environment. The membrane degradation process could be accelerated by producing a blend, inserting a hydrophilic polymer in the material composition. Among hydrophilic polymers, pectin stands out for being a low-cost biodegradable polymer from renewable sources since it is a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls. Pectin hydrophilic character is due to a large number of branches and hydroxyl groups. In addition, since the membrane is designed for topical use, a high mechanical resistance is required. Thus, the present study aimed to produce ultrafine polycarbonate:pectin fibers for wound dressing applications. The fibers were obtained using the electrospinning method, which associates a syringe containing the polymeric solution with a high voltage source while varying the concentration of the polymers and also the processing parameters such as applied voltage, the flow rate of the solution, and the distance between needle and collector, with the morphology being the main characteristic evaluated. The voltage of the electrospinning device was fixed at 20 kV, while the solution flow varied (0.5 mL h-1, 0.7 mL h-1, 1 mL h-1, and 1.2 mL h-1) and the distance between needle and collector (8 cm and 10 cm). Scanning electron microscopy characterization was performed to determine the best fibers. In addition, other characterizations were performed to select the fiber with the most favorable characteristics, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, contact angle, and a degradation test that mimicked the physiological environment. These analyses confirmed that pectin values greater than 10% were not well incorporated in the fiber. Hence, the optimal concentrations of 10% polycarbonate (m/V), 10% pectin (m/m) were selected along with the electrospinning parameters of 20 kV voltage, 10 cm working distance, and 1.2 mL h-1 flow rate. These conditions enabled the production of fibers with greater homogeneity, with average diameters of 240 nm and greater hydrophilicity. Therefore, it was possible to obtain a membrane made of polycarbonate:pectin fibers with increased hydrophilic character and promising properties for application in the biomedical field. The authors would like to thank FAPESP for the financial support (process number 2019 / 23412-9), CAPES (Finance Code 001), SISNANO/MCTIC, and AgroNano network.
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Topic: TFN - Thin Films and Nanomaterials
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UNIVERSALITY AND THE THERMOELECTRIC TRANSPORT PROPERTIES THROUGH QUANTUM DOTS SYSTEMS: SEEKING FOR CONDITIONS THAT COULD IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY
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SILVA VALENCIA JERESON 1, FRANCO ROBERTO 2, LANDAZABAL JOHN ALEJANDRO 3, RAMOS RODRÍGUEZ EDWIN 4, FUGUEIRA DA SILVA MARCOS SERGIO 5,
1 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 3 Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Escuela Tecnológica Instituto Técnico Central (ETITC), 4 División de Ciencias Básicas, Fundación Universidad de América, 5 Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense (IF-UFF),
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Email: figueira@if.uff.br
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Abstract: Employing universal relations obtained recently for the Onsager coefficients in the linear regime at the symmetric point of the single impurity Anderson model [1], and using the Mahan-Sofo parameter [2], we obtain conditions for the quantum scattering phase shift associated with the Carnot's limit for the thermoelectric efficiency. We show that with a single quantum dot at the Kondo regime is impossible to achieve the conditions that cause the improvement of the thermoelectric efficiency. We study a system of two coupled identical quantum dots, without inter-dot correlations and preserving one dot in the electron-hole symmetric point; employing analogies between this system -similar to a quantum dot in the electron-hole symmetric point, immersed in a non-ballistic quantum wire- and the original system -a quantum dot at the symmetric electron-hole point, immersed in a ballistic quantum wire-; we show that is possible to obtain conditions for the quantum phase shift -linked to charge fluctuations in one of the quantum dots- that satisfy the conditions associated with the best thermoelectric efficiency in this system. We discuss possible temperature values and conditions that would be linked with the experimental research of our theoretical results.
[1] Aranguren-Quintero D F., Ramos E, Silva-Valencia J, Figueira M S, Oliveira L N, Franco R 2020 Phys. Rev. B. 103, 085112 (2021), arXiv:2011.11598
[2] Mahan G D, Sofo J O 1996 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 7436-7439
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Topic: TFN - Thin Films and Nanomaterials
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USING LASER IRRADIATION TO PRODUCE HOLLOW NANOPARTICLES
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PEÑA RODRÍGUEZ OVIDIO Y. 1,
1 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid,
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Email: ovidio.pena@upm.es
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Abstract: Metallic hollow nanoparticles exhibit interesting optical properties that can be controlled by geometrical parameters. Moreover, irradiation with laser pulses has emerged recently as a valuable tool for reshaping and size modification of plasmonic metal nanoparticles, thereby enabling the synthesis of nanostructures with unique morphologies. In this work, we demonstrate how we can use the irradiation with laser pulses to fabricate hollow nanoparticles. First, we use classical molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the solid-to-hollow conversion of gold nanoparticles upon femtosecond laser irradiation. Here, we suggest an efficient method to produce hollow nanoparticles under certain specific conditions. Moreover, we also demonstrate that the irradiation of spherical nanoparticles with nanosecond laser pulses induces shape transformations yielding nanocrystals with an inner cavity. The concentration of the stabilizing surfactant, the use of moderate pulse fluences, and the size of the irradiated particles determine the efficiency of the process and the nature of the void. Hollow nanocrystals are obtained when molecules from the surrounding medium (e.g., water and organic matter derived from the surfactant) are trapped during laser pulse irradiation. These experimental observations suggest the existence of a subtle balance between the heating and cooling processes experienced by the nanocrystals, which induce their expansion and subsequent recrystallization keeping exogenous matter inside. Therefore, we advance the experimental conditions to efficiently produce hollow nanoparticles, opening a broad range of possibilities for applications in key areas, such as gas and liquid storage and catalysis.
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Topic: TFN - Thin Films and Nanomaterials
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VARIATION OF FILLING FACTOR IN MECHANICAL GRINDING OF ZNO NANOPARTICLES
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OSPINA OSPINA ROGELIO 1, AMOROCHO CUBIDES KAREN VIVIANA 2,
1 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 2 Universidad Industrial de Santander,
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Email: karenv.amorochocubides@gmail.com
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Abstract: Grinding is a process used to reduce particle size to nanometric size by a combination of impact and abrasion, either dry or as a suspension. Grinding is carried out in cylindrical-shaped mills that rotate around their horizontal axis and contain a load of loose grinding bodies known as "grinding media", which are free to move as the mill rotates, producing a decrease in size. In the grinding process, particles from 5 to 250 mm are reduced in size from 100 nm to several microns, approximately, depending on the type of operation carried out. The purpose of the grinding operation is to exert close control on the size of the product in this case ZnO. The volume or ball filling factor is related to the hardness of the element to be ground and the feed load that the mill can treat for the same degree of grinding. For this reason, the variation of the size and morphology of the ZnO nanoparticles in relation to the filling factor was studied, conserving the. Same grinding time. The nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, AFM, XPS and Z potential.
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Topic: TFN - Thin Films and Nanomaterials
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CORROSION ANALYSIS IN SALINE ENVIRONMENTS OF CARBON STEEL PROTECTED BY GALVANIZING AND POLYMERIC PAINTING
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ESTUPIÑAN DURAN HUGO ARMANDO 1, NAVARRO BARÓN JHAROLD 2, PEÑA BALLESTEROS DARÍO YESID 3,
1 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2 Universidad Industrial de Santander, 3 Universidad Industrial de Santander,
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Email: dypena@uis.edu.co
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Abstract: This research has focused on studying the damage mechanism of carbon steel with different types of galvanizing and painting at different exposure times in saline environments and urban atmospheres, using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique. In the implemented methodology, tests of scanning electron microscopy analysis techniques, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, Raman, and atomic force microscopy were carried out. The results showed that the use of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique allows determining the damage mechanism of a galvanized and painted carbon steel at different exposure times in saline environments and urban atmospheres. On the other hand, in the case of the Fourier transform infrared findings, they revealed in the diagnostic area that within the properties of the coatings there are organic compounds, stretching vibrations and in the imprint area, its polymeric coating showed bending vibrations. However, for each test carried out, it was possible to determine the presence of solution ions and certain corrosion products generated by the corrosion of zinc.
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Topic: WCO - Wear and Corrosion/Oxidation
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DEVELOPMENT OF ANTICORROSION COATINGS TO WORK UNDER LIQUID METAL ENVIRONMENTS
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GONZÁLEZ ARRABAL RAQUEL 1,
1 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid,
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Email: raquel.gonzalez.arrabal@upm.es
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Abstract: Many challenging scientific and commercial applications such as nuclear fusion [1,2] and fission reactors (Generation IV) [3], concentrated solar power [4], and to a lesser extent microelectronic devices require cooling of high power dissipation densities. The cooling needs of such applications are beyond what can be offered by traditional coolants. On this frame, liquid metals emerge as alternative coolants because they have a large efficiency to extract heat, high boiling point, are able to work under harsh environments, and are silent and vibration-free. However, liquid metals have the drawback that serious corrosion may occur when they are in direct contact with conventional structural stainless steel and other metal alloys. One affordable and easy way to overcome this corrosion problem is to cover the steel substrate with a corrosion-resistant coating. Such a solution would improve the corrosion behavior of the system (coating/ steel) while keeping the structural properties and low cost of the steel. In this talk, we will present the optimization procedure to fabricate SiC coatings by sputtering which are dense, amorphous, pinhole-free, and well adhered to the substrate. Special attention will be paid to the influence of the deposition conditions (substrate temperature) and cleaning of the substrate on the adhesion of the coating to the steel substrate since the lack of adhesion would hamper any possible industrial applications.
References
[1] T Hernández, F J Sánchez, A Moroño, E León-Gutiérrez, M Panizo-Laiz, M A Monclus, R González-Arrabal 2020 Corrosion behavior of diverse sputtered coatings for the helium cooled pebbles bed (HCPB) breeder concept, Nuclear Materials and Energy, 25, 100795, doi: 10.1016/j.nme.2020.100795.
[2] T Hernández, F J Sánchez, F Di Fonzo, M Vanazzi, M Panizo, R González-Arrabal 2019 Corrosion protective action of different coatings for the helium cooled pebble bed breeder concept, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 516, 160–168, doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.01.009.
[3] Sobolev, Database of thermophysical properties of liquid me.pdf, (n.d.) Consulted on: https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/43/095/43095088.pdf.
[4] D Frazer, E Stergar, C Cionea, P Hosemann 2014 Liquid metal as a heat transport fluid for thermal solar power, Energy Procedia, 49, 627–636, doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.03.068.
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Topic: WCO - Wear and Corrosion/Oxidation
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EFFECT OF NOPAL (OPUNTIA FICUS INDICA) AS CORROSION INHIBITION OF STRUCTURAL REINFORCEMENT STEEL IN CALCIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION
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HERNANDEZ CARRILLO CARLOS GABRIEL 1, TORRES RUBIO NELSON VIRGILIO 2, GÓMEZ CUASPUD JAIRO ALBERTO 3,
1 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, 2 Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia , 3 Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia,
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Email: jairo.gomez01@uptc.edu.co
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Abstract: Nowadays, reinforced concrete is considered the most popular and important material in the construction industry; However, one of the main challenges is to avoid corrosion, through the use of synthetic anticorrosive compounds, most of them highly toxic to humans and the environment. Consequently, the present research uses Nopal (Opuntia ficus indica) as a natural corrosion inhibitor. For this purpose, the Nopal was processed and dried in an oven at 40°C for 24 hours, subsequently macerated and pulverized to sizes less than 0.3 mm; The particulate material was added in different concentrations (0.0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%) by weight of calcium hydroxide solution at 10% (pH between 12.5 - 13.5 ), attacking commercial AISI/SAE 1020 steel samples, then electrochemical measurements of linear polarization resistance, Tafel polarization curves, and half cell potential were performed. The results showed that the Nopal in concentrations of 1% and 2% reduces the intensity and corrosion rate up to 30% and 40% respectively. For the above, nopal has a remarkable inhibitory power of corrosion, which allows improving the durability in reinforced concrete structures and in steels subjected to alkaline media.
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Topic: WCO - Wear and Corrosion/Oxidation
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EVALUATION OF MINERAL OILS AS MATRICES FOR AISI/SAE–1020 STEEL NAPHTHENIC CORROSION STUDY
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SANABRIA CALA JAVIER ALBERTO 1, CONDE RODRÍGUEZ GERSON RAFAEL 2, MANCILLA ESTUPIÑÁN ROBINSON ANDRÉS 3, NÚÑEZ CASTAÑEDA MARÍA CAMILA 4, LAVERDE CATAÑO DIONISIO ANTONIO 5,
1 Universidad de Santander UDES, 2 Universidad Industrial de Santander , 3 Universidad de Santander UDES, 4 Universidad Industrial de Santander , 5 Universidad Industrial de Santander ,
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Email: dlaverde@uis.edu.co
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Abstract: Petrochemical industry has suffered great economic impact due to light crude oil reserves reduction. For this reason, refineries have been processing high acidity heavy crude oils with naphthenic acids high content. Naphthenic corrosion study is interfered by presence of other corrosive agents contained in crude oils such as sulfur, salts and heavy metals, so naphthenic phenomenon is isolated using synthetic crude oils. For this reason, in present work two high purity mineral oils are used to evaluate their efficiency as synthetic crude oil matrices used in AISI/SAE–1020 steel naphthenic corrosion studies. The AISI/SAE–1020 steel corrosion rate was determined by gravimetry. Temperature evaluated are 200, 250 and 300 °C, while exposure times evaluated are 5, 10 and 15 hours. Surface morphological characterization of AISI/SAE–1020 steel is carried out using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM–EDS) and X–Ray Diffraction (XRD). Gravimetric tests show that AISI/SAE–1020 steel naphthenic corrosion rate increases with temperature and exposure time using mineral oil MO–1. However, results obtained for mineral oil MO–2 does not show increasing behavior due to presence of sulfur traces in the oil, which generate iron sulfides as corrosion products and cause a synergy between the two phenomena, interfering with AISI/SAE–1020 steel naphthenic corrosion study.
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Topic: WCO - Wear and Corrosion/Oxidation
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